Emergent Cultural Contradictions from Overlapping Cultural Levels in Information Systems Development

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Geeling, Sharon; Brown, Irwin; Weimann, Peter

Abstract: Research exploring the cultural influence on information system development (IS ... Expand

Abstract: Research exploring the cultural influence on information system development (ISD) projects tends to focus on a single level of influence (e.g., organizational culture) or cultural incompatibility between one or two cultural levels that are assumed to be discretely separate and static (e.g., national and organizational culture). In contrast, our research conceptualizes culture as dynamic and emergent, with varying levels of overlapping cultures that occur simultaneously in ISD projects (e.g., organizational and occupational culture overlaps). The case study method is used to examine two strategic projects in a single organization in South Africa. The findings describe how the overlap of different cultural levels gives rise to cultural contradictions in ISD projects. Understanding the relevance of the multiple cultures that exist in ISD projects offers further opportunity for refining explanations of cultural contradictions. Cultural contradictions that emerge from cultural overlaps during ISD are conceptualized as five distinct types: Vision Contradictions, Priority Contradictions, Process Contradictions, Role Contradictions, and Technology Contradictions. Despite variation in the context of each project, there is a similarity in the nature and effect of emergent cultural contradictions. The paper concludes with suggestions for addressing cultural contradictions in and influences on ISD projects. 1 We use the term 'contradiction' rather than 'paradox' in this paper as it more accurately reflects the spirit of the situation in our conceptualization -a cultural belief or understanding that "denies the truth or correctness of another" (Oxford University Press, n.d.). Paradox, in contrast, is more indicative of a self-contradictory statement that may nevertheless prove to be true (Oxford University Press, n.d.). 934 Emergent Cultural Contradictions from Overlapping Cultural Levels During Information Systems Development Volume 52 10.17705/1CAIS.05244 Paper 44 (Ramesh et al., 2017). Additionally, as effective leadership requires cultural understanding (Schein, 2010), we argue that a deeper understanding of cultural contradictions can assist leaders of ISD projects to identify appropriate interventions and craft positive outcomes from the cultural diversity present in ISD project teams.Our study, therefore, resulted in the pursuit of the following two objectives: (a) to develop a conceptual model for analyzing culturally induced contradictions experienced during an ISD project, and (b) to reveal the relationship between level-specific cultural influences and emergent cultural contradictions in ISD projects. The primary research question answered was:RQ1: What types of cultural contradictions influencing social interaction in ISD teams emerge at overlapping levels of culture in ISD projects?Emergent Cultural Contradictions from Overlapping Cultural Levels During Information Systems Development Volume 52 Collapse

Topics: organizational culture project management organizational value systems development pseudonymity

Methods: qualitative interview conceptual modelling case study constant comparative analysis personal interview

Motives and Incentives for Data Sharing in Industrial Data Ecosystems: An Explorative Single Case Study

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 3

Authors: Gelhaar, Joshua; Müller, Paul; Bergmann, Nils; Dogan, Rojda

Abstract: The increasing connectivity of the business world leads to economic value being ... Expand

Abstract: The increasing connectivity of the business world leads to economic value being created less and less by one company alone, but rather through the exchange and combination of data by various actors in so-called data ecosystems. However, many companies are not yet willing to participate in data ecosystems because they do not see the added value of their participation. This is partly because the motives of data providers do not match the incentives offered to share their data. So far, there are only very few studies that deal with this issue in detail. Therefore, we close this research gap by adopting a conceptual model to the issue of motives and incentives for data sharing and applying it to the industrial data ecosystem Catena-X in a single case study. Through the case study analysis, we can identify seven different motives and eight incentives for data sharing. Collapse

Topics: digital ecosystem data governance supply chain management data quality blog

Methods: qualitative interview case study conceptual modelling single case study triangulation

Design and Development of Virtual Patients for Healthcare Education: State of the Art and Research

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Gellner, Carolin; Witte, Anne-Katrin; Winkler, Till J.

Abstract: The digital transformation of healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic have acceler ... Expand

Abstract: The digital transformation of healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated research and deployment of virtual patients (VP), that is, interactive computer simulations used in healthcare education to train students on clinical processes. To help researchers and practitioners understand the state of the art in VP development, we conducted a systematic literature review of 48 papers. Our analysis focused on educational level, medical specialty, competencies, technologies, technical format, and operating systems and tools. We found that VPs are primarily used in the medical field and student education as interactive patient scenarios based on multimedia system technology. VP authoring systems were identified as the primary tool for developing primary clinical reasoning skills. Based on our findings, we suggest implications for medical education research and practice. Collapse

Topics: operating system online learning system extended reality health information system virtual reality

Methods: synthesis literature study simulation structured literature research literature sample

Power Imbalances in Society and AI: On the Need to Expand the Feminist Approach

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Gengler, Eva Johanna; Wedel, Marco; Wudel, Alexandra; Laumer, Sven

Abstract: Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have brought novel opportunities for ... Expand

Abstract: Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have brought novel opportunities for businesses, societies, and individuals alike, yet they also raise complex questions on inequitable power distribution. We see contemporary AI systems, that reinforce power imbalances and disadvantage marginalized, underrepresented, and underprivileged people. Current approaches to advancing AI, such as Ethical, Fair, or Trustworthy AI, have not included the effects of power in their considerations. As feminism has a long history of doing so, we introduce an intersectional and inclusive feminist approach to shape AI in a more equitable way. We approach this by building on recent Information Systems and interdisciplinary research as well as on evidence from expert interviews in focus groups, which we conducted in 2022 and 2023. Our study reveals that utilizing the feminist approach could be effective firstly, to shape AI systems and secondly, to change prevailing power structures in societal systems to become more equitable. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence boundary spanning IT work

Methods: focus group qualitative interview statistical hypothesis test delphi study literature study

Introduction to the Minitrack on Cybersecurity and Software Assurance

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: George, Richard; Chamberlain, Luanne; Llanso, Thomas

Abstract: The Cybersecurity and Software Assurance Minitrack is focused on improving the ... Expand

Abstract: The Cybersecurity and Software Assurance Minitrack is focused on improving the community's collective understanding of the scientific underpinnings of the fields of information and software security. The Minitrack's broad Call for Papers reflects the complex and multidimensional nature of these related fields. Progress cannot come soon enough, as evidence continues to accumulate documenting the significant advantage that cyber attackers maintain over cyber defenders.The papers for this year's minitrack are representative of the diversity of the Minitrack's Call for Papers and include an approach to improve IoT cybersecurity, secure software development in cloud applications, hardening honeypots for ICS, the performance of machine-learning models, the principle of self-modifiability in dynamical systems, and formal verification of minimum spanning trees.In the first paper, Understanding Software Obfuscation and Diversification as Defensive Measures for the Cybersecurity of Internet of Things, Sampsa Rauti of the University of Turku, and Samuli Laato of Tampere University, reviewed literature on obfuscation and diversification to improve IoT cybersecurity; they then clustered this research according the obfuscation target (code, data, interface, location, traffic). They present a comprehensive list of benefits and shortcomings of enhancing IoT security through diversification, and present points of departure for future research. Korflesch of the University of Koblenz discuss secure software development and the potential to reduce vulnerabilities and increase the security level of applications. They examine what potential success factors exist in secure software development of cloud applications in Germany and what the role of strategic and operational aspects.In the third paper, Hardening Honeypots for Industrial Control Systems, by Joseph T. Mei, Thuy D. Nguy, and Neil C. Rowe of the Naval Postgraduate School, the topic of an industrial control system (ICS) honeypot simulating a small electric-distribution system is discussed. The current work analyzed the attacks on the honeypot and developed methods to harden the main weaknesses of the public user interface. They demonstrate how the added security controls, monitoring, and logging are more effective in protecting the honeypot's data and event logs.In the fourth paper, Implementation and Validation of non-semantic Out-of-Distribution Detection on Image Data in Manufacturing, Meng Jin, Mehta Dharmil Rajesh, Jens Neuhüttler, and Felix Zimmermann of the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, and Wenting Xing and Johannes Schniertshauer of Audi AG, discuss how small changes in the production environment can have a negative impact on the performance of machine learning models. They investigate the feasibility of various methods for detecting non-semantic Out-of-Distribution (OOD) cases in input images.In the fifth paper, Dynamical Systems that Heal, Michael Stephen Fiske of Aemea Institute, defines a principle of self-modifiability in dynamical systems and demonstrates how it can be used to heal a malfunctioning dynamical system. He describes a formal system for healing damaged computer instructions or healing differential equations that perform tasks.In the sixth and final paper, Formal Verification of Prim's Algorithm in SPARK, Brian S. Wheelhouse and Kenneth M. Hopkinson of the Air Force Institute of Technology, and Laura Humphrey of the Air Force Research Laboratory, use formal methods to ensure the correctness of minimum spanning trees (MST). They describe the process of using SPARK to implement and verify basic properties of MSTs constructed using Prim's algorithm. Collapse

Topics: user interface usability Xing

Methods: machine learning

THE DATA COLLABORATION CANVAS: A VISUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEMATICALLY IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING ORGANIZATIONAL DATA COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITIES

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Geppert, Tim; Fuoco, Alice Dal; Leikert-Boehm, Ninja; Deml, Stefan; Sturzenegger, David; Ebert, Nico

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: knowledge representation open data innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview ontological modelling personal interview design science action design research

Digital Classification

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gerber, Aurona

Abstract: Digitization creates digital artefacts that represent physical objects but with ... Expand

Abstract: Digitization creates digital artefacts that represent physical objects but with augmented and novel characteristics. The ways in which we interact with these digital artefacts necessarily change, including the way we classify them. Classification is the fundamental human activity of grouping, naming, and describing objects to make sense of the world. Classification is therefore fundamental to research as it underpins theory. In this paper we introduce classification and the role of classification as background, followed by an analysis of the way in which classification is adopted within Information Systems (IS). The results of this analysis indicate that IS research adopted the classical classification approaches even though often not explicitly stated. We then analyze digital classification and results indicate that, even though digital classification is classification, existing classification approaches, and by extension, IS classification literature, does not support digital classification sufficiently despite the need due to contemporary and digitized socio-technical developments. Finally, classical classification is contrasted with digital classification requirements of digital classification regarding key characteristics, purpose, and approach. The comparison also includes suggestions that indicate how existing classification approaches could be extended. Collapse

Topics: systems analysis knowledge representation

Methods: ontological modelling

Theories: socio technical theory

DEI in the IS discipline: What can we do better?

2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Fedorowicz, Jane; Payton, Fay Cobb; Chan, Yolande E.; Kim, Yong Jin; Te'eni, Dov

Abstract: Recent diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts have made some limited pro ... Expand

Abstract: Recent diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts have made some limited progress in addressing underrepresentation and unequal opportunities for minority members in the Information Systems (IS) academic community. The Association for Information Systems (AIS), as the preeminent global professional society for the IS discipline, is tasked with acting on behalf of its members and their colleagues to achieve equity and inclusion for its diverse membership. This editorial has two aims: (1) to share the extent to which positive changes have been made and also the extent to which underrepresentation still pervades the IS academic community, especially at the senior ranks and in positions of power, and (2) to propose a coordinated, strategic focus that our field, our journals and conferences, and our association (AIS) can take to further improve diversity and in­ clusion for both junior and senior minority colleagues. Collapse

Topics: IS discipline IT career

Methods: survey

How to Convey Resilience: Towards A Taxonomy for Conversational Agent Breakdown Recovery Strategies

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Feng, Shengjia

Abstract: Conversational agents (CAs) have permeated our everyday lives in the past decad ... Expand

Abstract: Conversational agents (CAs) have permeated our everyday lives in the past decade. Yet, the CAs we encounter today are far from perfect as they are still prone to breakdowns. Studies have shown that breakdowns have an immense impact on the user-CA relationship, user satisfaction, and retention. Therefore, it is important to investigate how to react and recover from breakdowns appropriately so that failures do not impair the CA experience lastingly. Examples for recovery strategies are the assumption of the most likely user intent (CA selfrepair) or to ask for clarification (user-repair). In this paper, we iteratively develop a taxonomy to classify breakdown recovery strategies based on studies from scholarly literature and experiements with productive CA instances, and identify the current best practices described using our taxonomy. We aim to synthesize, structure and further the knowledge on breakdown handling and to provide a common language to describe recovery strategies. Collapse

Topics: website customer service database system system development method

Methods: chatbot literature sample literature study decision tree classification structured literature research

Native American Rural Community Digital Divide: Student Insights

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Fenner, Chad; Noteboom, Cherie; El-Gayar, Omar

Abstract: The digital divide continues to be an issue for many Native American individual ... Expand

Abstract: The digital divide continues to be an issue for many Native American individuals in rural tribal areas. This research used a qualitative grounded theory method from the data collection of semi-structured interviews with Native American university students. The open coding of the transcribed responses was used to analyze the text data from individual Native American experiences. The data analysis codes included cost, location, access, digital literacy, and technology knowledge as continuing issues. The coding also shows limited technical support or training availability in the communities. The absence of technology use increases the need to understand factors that remain digital divide barriers for Native American communities. The digital divide -individual experiences model (DD-IEM) is based on three main categories: community, education, and home environments. Six propositions produced the DD-IEM that encompasses digital environments within the three settings that are unique to each individual. Collapse

Topics: digital divide internet technology information system use digital literacy IT skill

Methods: qualitative interview grounded theory qualitative coding personal interview literature study