Models as Social Actors in the Diffusion of AI Innovations: A Multilayer, Heterogeneous, Dynamic Network Perspective

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gao, Kaige; Yoo, Youngjin; Schecter, Aaron

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial facet of contemporary tec ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial facet of contemporary technological innovation, influencing diverse domains. Consequently, understanding the diffusion and evolution of AI innovations is vital. Scholarly publications have commonly served as proxies for studying these AI innovations. However, previous studies on publication diffusion have largely overlooked the role of models, which is particularly integral for AI innovations as they bridge upstream datasets and downstream applications. Moreover, models form an interdependent network due to their combinational evolution. This paper addresses this gap, examining how the location, movement, and speed of model movement in that model network affect the dissemination of AI research. Using a four-layer network-author collaborations, paper citations, model dependencies, and keyword co-occurrences-we examine 345,383 AI papers from 2000345,383 AI papers from to 2022 This research aims to contribute to the diffusion of innovation literature and dynamic network analysis, offering several novel insights and advancements. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence innovation management diffusion of innovation website

Methods: co-citation analysis literature sample longitudinal research mathematical model statistical hypothesis test

The Power of Identity Cues in Text-Based Customer Service: Evidence from Twitter

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Gao, Yang; Rui, Huaxia; Sun, Shujing

Abstract: Text-based customer service is emerging as an important channel through which c ... Expand

Abstract: Text-based customer service is emerging as an important channel through which companies can assist customers. However, the use of few identity cues may cause customers to feel limited social presence and even suspect the human identity of agents, especially in the current age of advanced algorithms. Does such a lack of social presence affect service interactions? We studied this timely question by evaluating the impact of customers' perceived social presence on service outcomes and customers' attitudes toward agents. Our identification strategy hinged on Southwest Airlines' sudden requirement to include a first name in response to service requests on Twitter, which enhanced customers' perceived level of social presence. This change led customers to become more willing to engage and more likely to reach a resolution upon engagement. We further conducted a randomized experiment to understand the underlying mechanisms. We found that the effects were mainly driven by customers who were ex ante uncertain or suspicious about the human identity of agents, and the presence of identity cues improved service outcomes by enhancing customers' perceived levels of trust and empathy. Additionally, we found no evidence of elevated verbal aggression from customers toward agents with identity cues, although a mechanism test revealed the moderating role of customers' emotional states. Our study highlights the importance of social presence in text-based customer service and suggests a readily available and almost costless strategy for firms: signal humanization through identity cues. Collapse

Topics: customer service Twitter social presence social media customer satisfaction

Methods: experiment computational algorithm synthetic control method survey support vector machine

Theories: social presence theory big five model

Using Isolation Forest and Alternative Data Products to Overcome Ground Truth Data Scarcity for Improved Deep Learning-based Agricultural Land Use Classification Models

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: García Pereira, Agustín; Porwol, Lukasz; Ojo, Adegboyega

Abstract: High-quality labelled datasets represent a cornerstone in the development of dee ... Expand

Abstract: High-quality labelled datasets represent a cornerstone in the development of deep learning models for land use classification. The high cost of data collection, the inherent errors introduced during data mapping efforts, the lack of local knowledge, and the spatial variability of the data hinder the development of accurate and spatially-transferable deep learning models in the context of agriculture. In this paper, we investigate the use of Isolation Forest (IF), an anomaly detection algorithm, to reduce noise in a large-scale, low-resolution alternative ground truth dataset used to train land use deep learning models. We use a modest-size, high-resolution and high-fidelity manually collected ground-truth dataset to calibrate Isolation Forest parameters and evaluate our approach, highlighting the relatively low cost of the methodology. Our data-centric methodology demonstrates the efficacy of deep learning methods coupled with IF to create mid-resolution land-use models and map products for agriculture using an alternative ground-truth dataset. Moreover, we compare our deep learning approach with a traditional algorithm used in remote sensing and evaluate the spatial transferability of the created models. Finally, we reflect upon the lessons learnt and future work. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing Python programming language open source geographic information system

Methods: experiment deep learning computational algorithm isolation forest random forest classification

The Firm as a Subsociety: Purpose, Justice, and the Theory of the Firm

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gartenberg, Claudine; Zenger, Todd

Abstract: Research in the “theory of the firm” tradition has often characterized firms as ... Expand

Abstract: Research in the “theory of the firm” tradition has often characterized firms as subeconomies, in which economic exchange is shaped by a central authority. We propose an expanded view of firms as subsocieties, in which authority is also responsible for establishing principles that shape cooperation among members. We draw on insights from political theory, sociology, and, to a lesser degree, legal theory to discuss how employees become members of subsocieties by exchanging rights, such as formal control over their work, for the benefits of membership. With this rights exchange, subsociety members develop expectations that those in positions of authority will use their control to define and sustain principles of justice and common purpose consistent with members’ moral sentiments. This view suggests expanded roles for authority and firm boundaries from what are incorporated into standard theories of the firm. These expanded roles have implications both for internal governance and for the boundary itself: When considering boundary changes, leaders must weigh both the economic and the social consequences of their decision. Funding: C. Gartenberg recognizes financial support from the Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania. T. Zenger recognizes the financial support of the Eccles School at the University of Utah. Collapse

Topics: outsourcing organizational culture Google+ societal evaluation criteria asset specificity

Methods: theory development Barnard's exact test

Theories: transaction cost economics social sciences theory economic theory political theory

Reimagining "gamers" via Twitch platform tools

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Garvey, K.

Abstract: The live streaming platform Twitch hosts thousands of streamers vying for the a ... Expand

Abstract: The live streaming platform Twitch hosts thousands of streamers vying for the attention of users. Previous studies have identified the salience of parasocial relationships and emotional labor for understanding the work of streamers as well as the presence of toxic geek masculinity (Ruberg et. al., 2019) and gendered differences in streaming labor (Jenson & de Castell, 2018). Twitch has grown steadily since its start in 2011 (Taylor, 2018) and saw a massive increase in growth in 2020, maintaining its position as the number one game streaming site, ahead of YouTube Gaming and Facebook Gaming (Partis, 2021). As a visual platform where gamers of all kinds broadcast their gameplay, Twitch is a valuable site for research into the ongoing intersections of gender roles and gaming culture. Via thematic analysis of in-depth interviews, this pilot study examines how platform tools for discoverability and moderation influence female Twitch streamers' presentations of themselves as game players. Findings suggest that active 'anti-gate-keeping' is widespread among streamers who wish to build inclusive, sustainable channels in which to play, socialize, and earn. Collapse

Topics: Twitch digital platform

Methods: qualitative interview personal interview qualitative content analysis participant observation

Exploring Personality-based Heterogeneity in Metaknowledge and Human-AI Collaboration

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gass, Daniel F

Abstract: While artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to transform how we work ... Expand

Abstract: While artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to transform how we work, it's clear that in many contexts, humans and AI will work side by side. According to recent research, humans' ability to capture complementarities while working collaboratively with AI is critically constrained by our limited ability to assess what we know, i.e., metaknowledge. However, extant research has largely overlooked a critical difference between human and AI: Human behavior is shaped by personality. I explore how differences arising from personality traits impact metaknowledge and delegation behavior towards AI. Using an image classification experiment, I find that higher levels of conscientiousness improve, while higher levels extraversion harm humans' ability to work collaboratively with AI. Differences in metaknowledge help to explain this relationship. These findings motivate further research on personality in human-AI collaboration and the design of collaborative systems which foster metaknowledge and improved performance. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence personality computer supported cooperative work database system human computer interaction

Methods: experimental group experiment survey linear regression analysis descriptive statistic

Theories: big five model

The Returns to Nonmarket Strategies During Institutional Transitions: Investor Reactions to Actor and Tie Characteristics

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gatignon, Aline; Gama, Marina A. B.; DeMello, Rodrigo B.

Abstract: We explain how investor perceptions of nonmarket strategies’ legitimacy, and the ... Expand

Abstract: We explain how investor perceptions of nonmarket strategies’ legitimacy, and thereby value, change during institutional transitions toward greater legal compliance. Indirect influence strategies should be better aligned with the transition and therefore become more legitimate than those associated with direct co-optation and control. Moreover, investors should assess this alignment based on two defining characteristics of firms’ nonmarket strategies, namely, the nonmarket actors and the ties involved. We, therefore, expect investors to value firms’ ties to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) more than to political actors and ties formed via donations more than board ties. We test our hypotheses in the context of seven police raids that took place in Brazil in 2014; these raids launched “Operation Car Wash,” an anticorruption probe that signaled to investors a shift toward greater legal compliance at that point in time. Ultimately, we find that firms benefited the most when both nonmarket actors and ties were aligned with the institutional transition (i.e., NGO donations), and they suffered the most when both characteristics were misaligned (i.e., political board ties). Our findings integrate nonmarket strategies’ political and social facets by showing how actor and tie characteristics jointly explain their success or failure. They also contribute to explaining which firms will be better positioned to weather institutional transitions between legal capture and legal compliance. Funding: This work was supported by Getúlio Vargas Pesquisa-Fundação Getúlio Vargas; Govil Family Faculty Scholar Award; Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1616. Collapse

Topics: database system corporate governance financial performance accounting corporate social responsibility

Methods: Wald test robustness check qualitative interview statistical hypothesis test theory development

Accessing the Design Science Knowledge Base - A Search Engine for the Accumulation of Knowledge Across Decentrally Organized Publications

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Gau, Michael; Maedche, Alexander; Brocke, Jan vom

Abstract: Design science research (DSR) intends to contribute design knowledge to the scie ... Expand

Abstract: Design science research (DSR) intends to contribute design knowledge to the scientific discourse in the field of Information Systems. However, such design knowledge is typically produced in isolated DSR projects and does not follow a systematic knowledge accumulation strategy in terms of refining or extending previous design knowledge. Towards a first step in fostering design knowledge reuse and supporting knowledge accumulation in DSR, we propose a design knowledge search engine facilitating access to existing design knowledge. In this paper, we present a knowledge extraction template, a mechanism to automatically extract design knowledge of existing DSR publications based on this template as well as a search interface. Applying DSR ourselves we report on the preliminary results and findings of the first design cycle and deliver (1) design requirements derived from the literature, (2) propose an initial set of design principles, (3) a prototypical implementation called DEKNOWSE, and (4) an evaluation of the first design cycle in a focus group with DSR researchers. We contribute design knowledge for the class of design knowledge extraction and search systems. Collapse

Topics: search engine SWOT analysis MySQL usability user interface

Methods: design science design artifact design requirement focus group design principle

A Guide for Stakeholder Analysis in IS/IT Management and Research: The Case of Broadband Availability in Rural North Carolina

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gebauer, Judith; Modaresnezhad, Minoo; Sibona, Christopher; Matthews, Kevin

Abstract: Stakeholder analysis is a methodology that can provide valuable insights about ... Expand

Abstract: Stakeholder analysis is a methodology that can provide valuable insights about a phenomenon. Information systems and information technology researchers have utilized stakeholder analysis to understand and learn from successes, failures, and other aspects of IS/IT initiatives. In this tutorial, we provide guidelines for conducting a stakeholder analysis currently missing in the IS/IT discipline despite being repeatedly called for. We reviewed studies on stakeholder analysis within IS/IT first, but found that there was not sufficient coverage. Then we went outside the discipline and found relevant studies in the areas of organizational and strategic management and public policy. Our analysis, then, consists of a review and a combination of the findings of studies from within the IS/IT discipline and studies in organizational and strategic management and public policy. Our guidelines start with determining who the stakeholders are related to a phenomenon and what key concerns these stakeholders have about the phenomenon. In the next step, we relate stakeholders to one another and across the key concerns and point out how to identify possible coalitions. Last, we describe how to apply these findings to determine strategies for managing stakeholders or building theory around a phenomenon and its concerns. These final steps can be used to make policy recommendations, provide guidance for IS/IT-related initiatives, or present constructs and relationships that can be tested by future researchers. We demonstrate the applicability of our guidelines with a case study about broadband availability in rural North Carolina. Collapse

Topics: IT project strategic management internet technology project management electronic mail

Methods: theory development case study survey qualitative interview triangulation

Scaling Sustainable Entrepreneurship for Impact: Design Knowledge for the Use of Digital Technologies

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Gebhardt, Leonhard; Hölzle, Katharina

Abstract: Digital transformation helps organisations become more efficient while increasin ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation helps organisations become more efficient while increasing their outreach and targeting new markets. However, it also makes the organisational design more malleable and can blur or even disrupt a firm’s boundaries. For sustainable entrepreneurs who develop business models for sustainability (BMfS), this is a Faustian bargain, as they trade independence for more potential. In this in-depth case based on action and design science research, we accompanied and evaluated the design of a BMfS with digital technologies. To evaluate for rising tensions, we looked at the relevant dynamics within the entrepreneurial firm and the digital business ecosystem. Besides a proposed solution model and its evaluation, we present design principles of contingency, re-configuration, and alliancing. This nascent design knowledge explains dynamics that occur when developing business models with digital technologies. Collapse

Topics: business model digital ecosystem digital transformation entrepreneurship information system use

Methods: design principle design science qualitative interview field study kernel theory