Artificial Intelligence and Digital Work: The Sociotechnical Reversal

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Fischer, L.; Wunderlich, N.; Baskerville, R.

Abstract: A well-designed information system (IS) in the classical view comprises two int ... Expand

Abstract: A well-designed information system (IS) in the classical view comprises two interrelated yet different subsystems; one that represents the technological dimension of work; and one that represents the social dimension. When these subsystems are heralded as equally important, they constitute a sociotechnical whole, producing economic outcomes such as profit and efficiency, plus humanistic outcomes, such as engagement and well-being. We see, increasingly, this classical view becoming obliviated. In this conceptual paper, we reflect upon the role of humans and technology in these changing work environments. While technical aspects from Artificial Intelligence and digital technologies are dominating the social side of work, we suggest a sociotechnical reversal to happen. Whereas this technosocial reality might be well motivated by advances in efficiency and productivity, the effects on well-being and engagement are less well understood. Consequently, we provide a set of theoretically derived principles to guide these changes in the digital workplace. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IT work datafication knowledge work societal evaluation criteria

Methods: theory development

Theories: socio technical theory sociotechnical systems theory

Interactive Visual Analytics for Knowledge Integration and Decision Intelligence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Fisher, B.; Gaither, K.; Ebert, D.

Abstract: Interactive Visual Analytics for Knowledge Integration and Decision Intelligenc ... Expand

Abstract: Interactive Visual Analytics for Knowledge Integration and Decision Intelligence seeks to find ways to develop visualization environments and methods for their use that will support human analysis and decision making with interaction with data and statistical and machine learning processes. Visual analytics provides a way to address problems and opportunities that are characterized by complex data that may be uncertain in fact, relevance, location in space and position in time. Knowledge integration comes into play when multiple datasets from different sources must be evaluated and integrated into the decision-making process. Decision intelligence focuses on the decision-making process itself, examining how individuals and groups chose among alternatives in making plans for action. As defined by Gartner, DI "brings together the best of applied data science, social science, and managerial science into a unified field that helps people use data to improve their lives, their businesses, and the world around them."Applications of this approach include many areas where decision-making must consider complex situations, conflicting data, and priorities. Examples include environmental science and technologies, natural resources and energy, health, and related life sciences. safety and security and many business processes. This year we are examining new approaches to integrating data from neural activity into human factors and discussing ways in which organizations from different sectors can partner to provide value for both industry and academia. Key research challenges of interest in this area include studies of visual analytics and decision support for industrial organizations including the integration of domain knowledge and better understanding of opportunities to improve safety and efficiency in aircraft design.The rapid pace and demand of an increasingly more digital world necessarily mandates that analytics play a key role as we increasingly need to make rapid sense of complex and fast changes driven by big, realtime data. We have moved into an era in which being able to "see" the information in the data is no longer optional and sophisticated visualization methods facilitating rapid understanding is a necessary and critical piece of the "competitive edge". The focus in this minitrack goes beyond analytics to include rich, powerful visualization techniques for turning data into actionable information and ways to better support the decision-making process.This minitrack builds upon earlier HICSS minitracks on visual analytics, mobile computing, and digital media at scale, focusing more decision analytics on various applications from business to science, and public safety. Our first paper seeks to find ways to use machine learning analysis of EEG data to better assess the cognitive load of a task on analysts and decisionmakers. They compare this measure to the humanfactors standard for cognitive load estimation, the NASA-TLX. The second paper gives a retrospective account of an exemplary research collaboration between two universities in Canada and Boeing, a large and technologically sophisticated industry partner, on a focused research effort to integrate visual analytics into Boeing's manufacturing and safety analysis processes. Multiple departments and fields of study relating to analysis, visualization, and decision-making participated in this process, and funding from multiple government agencies supported this effort. Our third paper aims to contribute novel transparency enhancing grounded theory model illustrations annotated with discussion and suggestions that others can adapt for their purposes.These papers show a wide range of applications of visualization and analytics in complex decision-making environments and provide valuable insights into the design, production, and deployment of visual analytics applicable to most decision and discovery tasks across a broad spectrum of applications. Moreover, they clearly demonstrate effective ways to harness and tame big data for discovery, insight, management, and action in realworld, actionable environments. We hope you will join us for interesting presentations and lively discussions on new visual analytics techniques and solutions for our evolving landscape of societal problems requiring rapid and reliable decision making. Collapse

Topics: visual analytics decision making

Methods: exploratory data analysis grounded theory electroencephalography machine learning

Pair Analytics in a Visual Analytics Context

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Fisher, B.; Kasik, D.

Abstract: This case study details the development of "pair analytics" as practical approa ... Expand

Abstract: This case study details the development of "pair analytics" as practical approach to applied analysis and as a scientific research method. The hybrid research project itself was part of a larger research program approved for the Canadian government for their offset program and supported by Federal and Provincial research internships. As a real-world analysis approach, the pair analysis sessions conduced actionable causal chain analysis of aircraft safety. As a scientific method, pair analytics advanced our knowledge of the cognitive science of interpersonal communication in Joint Activities. The paper describes how aerospace researchers and cognitive scientists were able to design a research approach that met constraints from both areas. It concludes with discussion of the implications of this work for highly integrated basic and responsive research in other areas of visualization and analytics. Collapse

Topics: visual analytics crowdsourcing

Methods: exploratory data analysis ethnography case study laboratory experiment grounded theory

Theories: activity theory theory of distributed cognition

What is Digital about Digital Innovation? An Ontological Discussion of Digitality

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Fitz, Lukas; Scheeg, Jochen

Abstract: Digital" is a popular adjective for concepts related to electronic, computerize ... Expand

Abstract: Digital" is a popular adjective for concepts related to electronic, computerized or networked processes in current research and practice. From an ontological-theoretical perspective, the prevalence of digital things triggers the question, how Digitality itself could be conceptualized. This article studies the ontology of Digitality and consequently discusses Digital Innovation (DI) from a new perspective. First, literature on Digitality is analyzed. Based on the findings, an ontological conceptual framework of Digitality (OCFD) is proposed. It describes four layers of Digitality: physical foundations, virtuality, digital culture and world, and digital metaphysics. From a human perspective, requirements to grasp and embody Digitality are highlighted, as well as the expansion of reality. Finally, Digitality is discussed as a paradigm of DI and exemplary digital phenomena are projected onto the OCFD. This paper contributes to DI research and practice through theory-building towards a better understanding of ontological characteristics and practical implications of Digitality in DI. Collapse

Topics: database system digital good digital business ebook knowledge representation

Methods: literature study theory development ontological modelling

Fostering psychological safety in global virtual teams: The role of digital reminder nudges and team-based interventions

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Fleischmann, C.; Seeber, I.; Cardon, P.; Aritz, J.

Abstract: Psychological safety, the feeling of being comfortable to express one's ideas o ... Expand

Abstract: Psychological safety, the feeling of being comfortable to express one's ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams. Even though there exists considerable knowledge about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based (e.g., clarification of deliverables and deadlines) and technology-based (e.g., digital reminder nudges/ DRN) interventions foster psychological safety given cultural variations of team members. Based on a survey involving 148 participants, our data shows that both team-based interventions (TBI) and digital nudges foster psychological safety in global virtual teams. TBI are even more effective for high-context, indirect communicators than for low-context, direct communicators. However, digital nudges were equally effective across cultures for building psychological safety. These findings contribute to the literature on psychological safety as we show that not all antecedents hold equally across cultures and to the literature of digital nudges as we show the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in a team context. Collapse

Topics: cross cultural research virtual teamwork electronic mail Tencent QQ IS effectiveness

Methods: survey data transformation regression analysis method linear regression analysis exploratory factor analysis

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES AND GOVERNANCE STRATEGIES FOR DIGITAL PLATFORM ECOSYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Floetgen, Rob; Winder, Philipp; Fielt, Erwin; Weking, Jörg; Hein, Andreas; Schreieck, Maximilian; Böhm, Markus; Krcmar, Helmut

Abstract: Platform governance can contribute to the overall success of an ecosystem; howe ... Expand

Abstract: Platform governance can contribute to the overall success of an ecosystem; however, what factors influence governance decisions remains to be understood. We propose that platform owners define and implement platform governance following their unique structure of ownership as digital platforms may be owned by a single, or many independent intermediaries. To compare platform governance across the specific ownership structures of incumbents, strategic alliances, and start-ups, this paper employs an embedded multiple-case study with 34 interviews and rich secondary data. Our findings illustrate the governance characteristics of each ownership structure and the influence of internal factors and the surrounding ecosystem on their governance decisions. We discuss governance strategies for each ownership structure regarding cost synergies, co-creation synergies, and growth opportunities. This study highlights the interdependence between platform governance and ownership structure and provides practical guidance for different platform ownership structures to design suitable platform governance strategies. Collapse

Topics: platform governance participatory design digital platform digital ecosystem application programming interface

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology case study multiple case study triangulation

Implementation of weakly structured systems: moving from local practices to common organizational rules

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Fomin, Vladislav; Lyytinen, Kalle; Haefliger, Stefan; Vaujany, Francois-Xavier de

Abstract: The traditional implementation of an information system assumes that the IT sys ... Expand

Abstract: The traditional implementation of an information system assumes that the IT system to be implemented is highly structured (HSS), carrying out regulatory functions expressed in organizational rules scripted into the system. Subsequent implementation seeks users' compliance with stated regulatory needs. We propose an alternative view of implementing IT systems when such systems are weakly structured (WSS). In these systems, most scripted rules express the composition and behavior of digital objects, which organizational members tend to voluntarily enact as part of their tasks. By using analytical inference and illustrative examples, this work extends the Trifecta model of organizational regulation by developing a vocabulary and a process model for the evolution of the rule system during the implementation of WSS. The offered model depicts IT implementation as a movement from local practices, where system uses are discovered as affordances, to wider rule sets that regulate and enforce the shared deployment of such affordances. Collapse

Topics: systems implementation information system use affordance online learning system sensemaking

Methods: theory development business process modeling

Theories: theory of affordance

Cost-based Optimization of Multistore Query Plans

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Forresi, Chiara; Francia, Matteo; Gallinucci, Enrico; Golfarelli, Matteo

Abstract: Multistores are data management systems that enable query processing across diff ... Expand

Abstract: Multistores are data management systems that enable query processing across different and heterogeneous databases; besides the distribution of data, complexity factors like schema heterogeneity and data replication must be resolved through integration and data fusion activities. Our multistore solution relies on a dataspace to provide the user with an integrated view of the available data and enables the formulation and execution of GPSJ queries. In this paper, we propose a technique to optimize the execution of GPSJ queries by formulating and evaluating different execution plans on the multistore. In particular, we outline different strategies to carry out joins and data fusion by relying on different schema representations; then, a self-learning black-box cost model is used to estimate execution times and select the most efficient plan. The experiments assess the effectiveness of the cost model in choosing the best execution plan for the given queries and exploit multiple multistore benchmarks to investigate the factors that influence the performance of different plans. Collapse

Topics: database system MongoDB PostgreSQL document database relational database

Methods: computational algorithm experiment case study regression analysis method longitudinal research

Responsible Artificial Intelligence as a Secret Ingredient for Digital Health: Bibliometric Analysis, Insights, and Research Directions

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Fosso Wamba, Samuel; Queiroz, Maciel M.

Abstract: With the unparallel advance of leading-edge technologies like artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: With the unparallel advance of leading-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), the healthcare systems are transforming and shifting for more digital health. In recent years, scientific productions have reached unprecedented levels. However, a holistic view of how AI is being used for digital health remains scarce. Besides, there is a considerable lack of studies on responsible AI and ethical issues that identify and suggest practitioners’ essential insights towards the digital health domain. Therefore, we aim to rely on a bibliometric approach to explore the dynamics of the interplay between AI and digital health approaches, considering the responsible AI and ethical aspects of scientific production over the years. We found four distinct periods in the publication dynamics and the most popular approaches of AI in the healthcare field. Also, we highlighted the main trends and insightful directions for scholars and practitioners. In terms of contributions, this work provides a framework integrating AI technologies approaches and applications while discussing several barriers and benefits of AI-based health. In addition, five insightful propositions emerged as a result of the main findings. Thus, this study’s originality is regarding the new framework and the propositions considering responsible AI and ethical issues on digital health. Collapse

Topics: health information system artificial intelligence responsible artificial intelligence robotic big data

Methods: bibliometric analysis deep learning machine learning literature sample literature study

Technical, Strategic, and Cultural Bottlenecks of Born-Global-Digital Firms

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Fraccastoro, Sara; Ojala, Arto; Gabrielsson, Mika

Abstract: A born-global-digital firm belongs to the group of firms that apply and develop ... Expand

Abstract: A born-global-digital firm belongs to the group of firms that apply and develop digital technologies to achieve early internationalization. However, there might be different types of bottlenecks related to foreign market entries and the development of digital services affecting those markets that limit such firms’ global activities. In this work, we divide these bottlenecks into technical, strategic, and cultural forms. This multi-case study examines the impact of those bottlenecks and how that might be overcome. We provide practical and theoretical alternatives to bypass the impediments created by the bottlenecks. Collapse

Topics: digital service marketing management social media website digital product

Methods: qualitative interview case study longitudinal research design artifact personal interview