How Do Firms Adjust IT Investments in Response to Revenue Changes? The Role of Computing Eras and Aspiration
2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Xu, Zheyi; Liu, Chewei; Mithas, Sunil
Abstract: This study explores a novel question relating to responsiveness of IT investmen ...
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Abstract: This study explores a novel question relating to responsiveness of IT investments, and documents three key findings. First, we find that firms adjust IT investments more actively in response to the revenue fluctuation during the 2001-2011 period than in the 1990-2000 period. Second, we find that underperforming firms are more likely to increase their IT investments in response to revenue increase in 2001-2011 than in 1990-2000, while outperforming firms are much more likely to decrease their IT investments in response to revenue decrease in 2001-2011 than in 1990-2000. Finally, underperforming firms have similar levels of adjustments in their IT investments in response to revenue decrease in both periods, while outperforming firms have similar levels of adjustments in their IT investments in response to revenue increase. We discuss the implications of these novel findings.
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Topics:
IT investment organizational productivity research and development information systems strategy Slack
Methods:
longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test theory development longitudinal survey Compustat
Theories:
agency theory
How Do Knowledge Management Strategy and Communication Channels Influence Innovation?
2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Xu, Zheyi; Mithas, Sunil; Vreede, Triparna de
Abstract: How do knowledge management (KM) strategy and communication channels influence ...
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Abstract: How do knowledge management (KM) strategy and communication channels influence individuals' innovative behavior?We answer this research question by drawing on media richness theory, and studying how two KM strategies (codification and personalization) and communication approaches with varying degree of media richness (i.e., telephone communication and email communication) shape innovative behavior at the individual level. Our analyses of the survey collected from more than 900 employees from several firms belonging to a leading conglomerate reveal three findings. First, we find that codification KM strategy has a positive effect on employees' innovative behavior. Second, we find that both face-to-face communication and telephone communication foster innovative behavior, but such an effect is absent for email communication presumably due to its lack of media richness. Finally, we find that the codification KM approach diminishes the advantages of face-to-face communication in innovative behavior. We discuss implications for research and practice. . Firms often adopt IT to mimic inperson interactions and implement enterprise social systems that are meant to overcome knowledge sharing challenges brought on by geographical separation (Malgonde et al., 2023;Ou et al., 2014;Susarla et al., 2012). However, not all communication tools are created equal and they provide different levels of communication cues (i.e., different levels of media richness) to facilitate innovative behavior. In particular, communication channels such as emails and voice communication, with or without video (e.g., telephone and online meetings), provide varying degree of communication cues (Gubbins & Dooley, 2014;Moffett et al., 2021). Besides communication channels, firms also use different types of knowledge management (KM) strategies to influence innovative behavior. These KM strategies can also influence the knowledge transfer by using different communication channels.Although prior research has made impressive strides to enhance our understanding of the individual roles of KM strategy and communication channels on innovation (Al Shaar et al., 2015;López-Nicolás & Meroño-Cerdán, 2011;Trantopoulos et al., 2017), few studies have examined the combined effect of KM strategies and communication channels on innovation. Accordingly, in this study, we investigate the following research questions: (1) How do different communication channels facilitate innovative behavior? (2) How do KM strategies and communication channels jointly facilitate innovative behavior? Drawing upon the media richness theory (Daft & Lengel, 1986;Ishii et al., 2019), we focus on three communication channels that vary in their media richness: face-to-face communication, telephone/voice communication, and text/email communication. In addition, we investigate the effect of two KM strategies (i.e., structured strategy termed as codification versus unstructured strategy termed as personalization) on innovative behavior and how two KM strategies moderate the effect of communication channels on innovative behavior. We test our hypotheses using survey data collected from teams participating in the innovation program at the Tata group, one of the most reputed and largest conglomerates in the world.Our results suggest that codification strategy is associated with innovative behavior. Face-to-face communication and telephone/voice communication leads to similar levels of improvement in innovative behavior. However, text/email communication does not improve innovation, presumably because of the lack of media richness. Further, we investigate the role of KM strategies in moderating the effect of communication channels, and find that the codification strategy diminishes the positive effect of face-toface communication on innovation. Collectively, these findings extend the growing literature on digital innovation and provide important implications for research and practice. CodificationThis describes whether the firm's innovation process or knowledge management process is standardized or not. It is a binary variable (codification=1, personalization=0).( Srivastava et al., 2013) f2f communicationThe extent to which employees communicate via face-to-face. It is measured using one items scoring from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and is treated as a continuous variable.Self-developed Telephone communicationThe extent to which employees communicate via telephone/voice chat. It is measured using one items scoring from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and is treated as a continuous variable.Self-developed Email communicationThe extent to which employees communicate via emails/text chat. It is measured using one item scoring from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and is treated as a continuous variable.Self-developed innovative behavior at an individual level in teams. We leveraged data from more than 959 employees in a large multinational conglomerate to document several findings. First, we find that codification is better than personalization in eliciting individual's innovative behavior, presumably because of standardization and low complexity. Second, we find that face-to-face communication, telephone communication, and email communication can all facilitate team collaboration and innovation, but they show nuanced differences. Telephone communication is equivalent to face-to-face communication suggesting that knowledge sharing happens through verbal cues, requiring fewer non-verbal cues. We find that email communication is not effective in improving innovation, presumably because (1) email lacks the benefit of synchronous communication and immediate feedback, and (2) knowledge sharing requires not only textual information but also verbal cues, such as tones of voice.Finally, we find that the codification strategy negatively moderates the relationship between face-to-face communication and innovative behavior, but the moderating effect does not exist for telephone and email communication. These findings indicate that high level of codification tends to diminish the effects of interpersonal relationship and the rich media provided by face-to-face communication on innovation. As IT-supported communication channels lack the merits of building interpersonal relationships, codification would not affect innovative behavior initiated by telephone and email communication. In summary, our results suggest that knowledge sharing via non-verbal communication, which is enabled by face-to-face communication, is important to innovation, and management of non-verbal knowledge is better facilitated via personalization strategy instead of codification strategy. Together these findings provide important KM Strategy, Communication Channels, and InnovationOur findings provide several implications for research. First, our findings related to the effect of communication channels on innovative behavior provide a greater insight into the antecedents of individuals' innovative behavior. As an individual-level construct, innovative behavior has been explained by individual-level antecedents, such as interpersonal relationships (Abdullah et al., 2016;Li & Hsu, 2018), but there is limited understanding on how various communication channels facilitate innovation. This presents a critical gap in innovation research. We address this gap by examining the role of IT in supporting communication, knowledge sharing, and innovation (Matta et al., 2017;Saraf et al., 2013). We also show the need for differentiating among different types of communication channels because they influence innovative behavior differently. Thus, this research contributes to a more holistic understanding of innovative behavior by considering factors beyond the typically explored individual-level antecedents.Second, we extend our understanding of media richness theory from the KM perspective. Although media richness theory proposes that increased media richness results in better communication outcomes, our research shows that telephone communication is as effective as face-to-face communication in motivating innovative behavior. We further show that email communication is less effective than telephone communication in stimulating innovative behavior suggesting that synchronous communication with nonverbal cues may be an effective communication mode to facilitate innovation. In other words, by empirically establishing the limitations of email for innovative tasks, we offer evidence that IT-intensive methods might not always be suitable for knowledge sharing in innovation contexts. While both face-to-face and telephone communications have homogeneous effects on innovative behavior, non-verbal cues might actually introduce complexity rather than value.Third, we answer the call for the simultaneous examination of human knowledge artifacts and technical artifacts when investigating digital innovation (Hund et al., 2021;Majchrzak & Griffith, 2020). In addition, our findings provide empirical evidence of considering the joint effect of KM strategies (i.e., the human knowledge artifact) and communication channels (i.e., the technical artifact) on digital innovation. Although prior literature proposes that the choice of codification or personalization is contingent on their knowledge reuse contexts (Kumar & Ganesh, 2011;Liu et al., 2013), these studies do not provide clear guidance of how to choose between codification and personalization when considering different communication channels for knowledge management. Our research builds on this proposition and shows (1) that the choice of codification (versus personalization) depends on the use of communication channel, and (2) that high codification may diminish the beneficial effects of face-to-face communication. Managerial ImplicationsOur research also provides several practical implications. First, our findings suggest that firms should tailor their deployment of communication tools considering their impact on innovative behavior. Managers should emphasize face-to-face and telephone communications over email communications if the goal is to promote innovation. This finding is relevant in the post-pandemic era when many firms are rethinking or transforming their working mode temporarily or permanently. Understanding that telephone communication can be as effective as face-to-face interaction can help organizations to be more diverse in their collaboration approaches. Organizations can also promote innovation by developing IT solutions that mimic the benefits of face-to-face and telephone communication while retaining the efficiency of email communication. For instance, firms can allocate more budget to implement voice-based electronic communication tools that replace email communication.Second, our findings provide insights to firms to synchronize their KM strategy with the deployment of communication channels to improve innovation. Firms should choose between codification and personalization depending on what communication channel the innovation teams adopt. For instance, when team members mostly meet in person to discuss ideas, personalization through non-verbal communication is likely to be a better way for them to generate innovative ideas.Finally, the findings of the study underscore the critical need for organizations to carefully consider their communication and KM strategy. One strategy does not fit all needs. It is imperative that organizations not KM Strategy, Communication Channels, and Innovation
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Topics:
innovation management electronic mail knowledge management strategy usability telephone
Methods:
statistical hypothesis test survey descriptive statistic theory development cross sectional survey
Theories:
media richness theory
Role of Social Media in Technology Adoption for Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Evidence from Twitter Analytics
Abstract: Social networking sites provide a new means of communication for disseminating ...
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Abstract: Social networking sites provide a new means of communication for disseminating cutting-edge agricultural technologies. These are unmediated interaction channels that enable a user to communicate their experience with technology and generate negative or positive attitudes that impact technology adoption decisions. We employ a machine learning approach to analyse users' existing semantic predisposition for technology adoption in agriculture at various operational levels. While developing attitudes toward technology adoption, these semantic tendencies become an important aspect of users' cognitive decision making. The study scrapes user comments and conversations about agritech on Twitter through data mining. The research also explains the important characteristics that enhance attitude building on Twitter and are responsible for reinforcing decision making among information seekers using four machine learning models. Based on the results, the research recommends strategies to managers for better communication with agriculturists and enhancement of users' decision making. , e-commerce, m-commerce, e-government and digital and social media marketing. He has published more than 300 papers in a range of leading academic journals, conference proceedings, books etc. He has co-edited five books on digital and social media marketing, emerging markets and supply and operations management. He has also co-edited special issues, organised tracks, mini-tracks and panels in leading conferences.
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Topics:
Twitter technology adoption social media agriculture information system decision making
Methods:
sentiment analysis machine learning principal component analysis data transformation Shapiro-Wilk test
Theories:
appraisal theory
Feedback types and users’ behavior in online innovation contests: Evidence of two underlying mechanisms
Authors: Yan, Jie (Kevin); Benbya, Hind; Leidner, Dorothy E.
Abstract: Online innovation contests (OIC) provide companies, via a dedicated community, a ...
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Abstract: Online innovation contests (OIC) provide companies, via a dedicated community, an important means to access remote knowledge and ideas of users and thereby a creative playground for fueling innovation. Our literature review shows that our understanding of the impact of diverse types of feedback on user participation, especially continued participation, and success in OIC is at a nascent stage. The present study therefore seeks to examine why and how different types of feedback influence users’ behavior in OIC, and the detailed mechanisms un derlying such influences. While our results do not show a significant relationship between receiving peer dy namic feedback and user success, we find that receiving sponsor static feedback in users’ first submission is positively associated with their continued participation in OIC. Also, when compared to peer dynamic feedback, sponsor static feedback has a stronger effect on users’ continued participation. Our goal is to confer a holistic picture of how the timing, source, and form of feedback shape user continuous participation and success in OIC.
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Topics:
participatory design user success crowdsourcing innovation management systems design
Methods:
design methodology literature study proportional hazards model survival analysis statistical hypothesis test
Theories:
uncertainty reduction theory lemon market theory
Cross-cultural Analysis of Online Patient Reviews from the Caregiver Perspective
2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Abstract: Online reviews have had an undeniable impact in the field of healthcare. Despit ...
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Abstract: Online reviews have had an undeniable impact in the field of healthcare. Despite the growing trend of online patient reviews, physician attitudes towards them vary greatly and their effect on physician behavior is uncertain. We propose a study exploring how physicians perceive online reviews through the lens of social-psychological theory and propose a framework for examining the phenomenon of online patient review valuation from the caregiver perspective.
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Topics:
online review user-generated content national culture health information system
Methods:
survey theory development literature study statistical hypothesis test longitudinal research
Theories:
psychological theory
Bayesian Networks for Interpretable Cyberattack Detection
2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Yang, B.; Hoffman, M.; Brown, N.
Abstract: The challenge of cyberattack detection can be illustrated by the complexity of ...
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Abstract: The challenge of cyberattack detection can be illustrated by the complexity of the MITRE ATT&CK TM matrix, which catalogues >200 attack techniques (most with multiple sub-techniques). To reliably detect cyberattacks, we propose an evidence-based approach which fuses multiple cyber events over varying time periods to help differentiate normal from malicious behavior. We use Bayesian Networks (BNs)probabilistic graphical models consisting of a set of variables and their conditional dependencies -for fusion/classification due to their interpretable nature, ability to tolerate sparse or imbalanced data, and resistance to overfitting. Our technique utilizes a small collection of expert-informed cyber intrusion indicators to create a hybrid detection system that combines data-driven training with expert knowledge to form a host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS). We demonstrate a software pipeline for efficiently generating and evaluating various BN classifier architectures for specific datasets and discuss explainability benefits thereof.
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Topics:
shapley additive explanation application programming interface Python Microsoft Windows intrusion detection system
2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Yang, Bai; Liu, Ying; Chen, Wei
Abstract: Data-driven innovation has received increasing attention, which explores big dat ...
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Abstract: Data-driven innovation has received increasing attention, which explores big data technologies to gain more insights and advantages for product design. In user experience (UX) based design innovation, user-generated data and archived design documents are two valuable resources for various design activities such as identifying op portunities and generating design ideas. However, these two resources are usually isolated in different systems. Additionally, design information typically represented based on functional aspects is limited for UX-oriented design. To facilitate experience-oriented design activities, we propose a twin data-driven approach to inte grate UX data and archived design documents. In particular, we aim to extract UX concepts from product reviews and design concepts from patents respectively and to discover associations between the extracted concepts. First, a UX-integrated design information representation model is proposed to associate capabilities with key elements of UX at the concept, category, and aspect levels of information. Based on this model, a twin data-driven approach is developed to bridge experience information and design information. It contains three steps: expe rience aspect identification using an attention-based LSTM (Long short-term memory) network, design infor mation categorization based on topic clustering using BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and LAD (Latent Dirichlet allocation) model, and experience needs and design information inte gration by leveraging word embedding techniques to measure concept similarity. A case study using healthcarerelated experience and design information has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.
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Topics:
innovation management online review user experience big data idea generation
Methods:
BERT case study machine learning natural language processing product review
Examining motivation of IT vendors to share knowledge with clients
2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Yang, Feifei; Yang, Miles M.
Abstract: To reduce information technology (IT) development costs, more firms have begun t ...
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Abstract: To reduce information technology (IT) development costs, more firms have begun to outsource IT-related ac tivities by partnering with IT vendors. As knowledge is a valuable asset in IT development, knowledge sharing between vendors and business clients becomes critical. However, the motivation behind IT vendors’ willingness to share knowledge with client firms is not sufficiently understood. To shed light on the nature of knowledge sharing within vendor–client partnerships, we examine the influence of performance feedback and managerial mindset on vendors’ motivation to share knowledge with their clients. We adopt a multi-method approach involving both a scenario-based field experiment with 164 vendor managers (Study 1) and a field survey of 112 vendor managers involved in IT development (Study 2). We find that when vendors’ performance exceeds their aspiration levels, they are motivated to share knowledge with clients. Such motivational effects are more pro nounced for vendor managers exhibiting abstract mindsets. Our study is of significant value to researchers and practitioners, affording both groups a keener, deeper, and more robust appreciation for how knowledge sharing in vendor–client partnerships can be managed more effectively.
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Topics:
knowledge sharing systems development anonymity IS management IS impact
Methods:
survey experiment mixed method field experiment descriptive statistic
Theories:
behavioral theory construal level theory
The double-edged sword of delivery guarantee in E-commerce
Authors: Yang, Hu; Zhang, Yu; Chen, Kedong; Li, Ji
Abstract: E-commerce retailers (e-tailers) are increasingly competing in order fulfillment ...
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Abstract: E-commerce retailers (e-tailers) are increasingly competing in order fulfillment to win over customers. Delivery guarantee emerges as a key competitive factor. Prior studies have examined the relationship between delivery performance and consumer satisfaction, but little attention was paid to the practice of delivery guarantee itself. This study examines delivery guarantee as a decision support tool provided by e-tailers. Particularly, we draw on the signaling theory, expectation disconfirmation theory, and attribution theory to investigate whether it is worth to offer delivery guarantee, who (what kind of e-tailers) can benefit more from it, and how e-tailers should manage the order fulfillment process when they offer delivery guarantee. Through analyzing data from Alibaba using the Heckman Ordered Probit Model, we show that delivery guarantee can be a double-edged sword. That is, offering and meeting a delivery guarantee leads to higher consumer satisfaction towards order fulfillment than not offering one, but failing to meet the guarantee lowers consumer satisfaction more than not providing it. We further show that large e-tailers are more negatively affected by failed guarantees than small ones, and that the “middle mile” (delivery en route) of order fulfillment significantly reduces consumer satisfaction if failed. Taken together, this study generates implications for e-tailers that consider providing delivery guarantee. Large e-tailers should be especially cautious and assess their capability and commitment. The middle mile should receive enough managerial attention in addition to the widely concerned last mile.
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Topics:
logistics management decision support system decision making electronic commerce decision support
Methods:
robustness check causality analysis statistical hypothesis test propensity score method experimental group
Theories:
signaling theory attribution theory expectation disconfirmation theory lemon market theory
What Makes AI Different? Exploring Affordances and Constraints - The Case of Auditing
2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0
Abstract: This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the differences betwee ...
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Abstract: This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the differences between classic IT and AI artefacts. To achieve this objective, the study employs a grounded theory literature review approach and analyses 81 papers related to the application of classic IT and AI artefacts in the auditing industry. Drawing on the Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory, we examine the actions that can be potentially enabled or restricted by using classic IT and AI artefacts. This analysis allows us to conceptualise and compare the affordances and constraints associated with these two types of artefacts. The study addresses the need for more research on AI from both social and technical perspectives. Our findings may facilitate practitioners in improving their business processes and promoting effective collaboration between humans and AI.
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Topics:
artificial intelligence affordance auditing information system artificial general intelligence weak AI
Methods:
machine learning literature study image processing business process modeling design artifact