An Investigation to reduce Overreliance on Explainable AI (XAI) in light of Two System Theory

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ur Rehman, Mati; Chen, Rui

Abstract: As technology is evolving, there is a rise in the use of AI systems. The increa ... Expand

Abstract: As technology is evolving, there is a rise in the use of AI systems. The increased use of AI systems has revealed issues of gender and racial biases. To address these issues, explainable AI (XAI) is introduced, but the use of XAI has triggered various kinds of biases leading to issues such as overreliance. In this study, we seek to devise interventions to mitigate the issue of overreliance on AI by better understanding cognitive biases and acknowledging that different users have different cognitive abilities, and we need to be mindful of that when we design XAI systems. We will conduct multiple experiments using the recidivism dataset collected by ProPublica and to develop a better understanding of and solutions to mitigate the issue of overreliance. The findings from this research will allow us to design XAI systems better, improving user trust in AI and further improving AI adoption. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence explainable artificial intelligence Near Field Communication shapley additive explanation

Methods: experiment survey computational algorithm

Values of Social Commerce: Influence of Affordance

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ur Rehman, Mati; Nilakanta, Sree

Abstract: Social commerce is growing. This paper aims to understand how users interact on ... Expand

Abstract: Social commerce is growing. This paper aims to understand how users interact on social commerce platforms. The design of the social commerce platform is unique, giving both buyers and sellers autonomy. The paper seeks to understand the consumer values of both buyers and sellers, how those have led to the social commerce platform design, and what feature enabled affordances help to satisfy the consumers' values. The study will help system designers better design social commerce platforms and understand some of the consumer pain points. Additionally, in literature, the seller behavior is understudied, so the nature of the platform and the autonomy it provides to the seller allows us to study seller behavior. We aim to understand consumer behavior better, how sellers and buyers interact on a social commerce platform, and how these platforms enable those interactions to facilitate transactions. Collapse

Topics: social commerce affordance Facebook usability personalization

Methods: qualitative interview survey

Theories: theory of affordance theory of consumption value

Increasing Secondary Education Students’ Understanding of the Information Systems Field

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Vainionpää, Fanny; Iivari, Netta; Kinnula, Marianne; Hartikainen, Heidi; Rajala, Joni

Abstract: Information Systems (IS) among other Information Technology (IT) disciplines ha ... Expand

Abstract: Information Systems (IS) among other Information Technology (IT) disciplines has been concerned with student recruitment while students in secondary education have little knowledge of the field and few end up choosing it as their career. We piloted an IS-oriented entrepreneurship course in a Finnish secondary school (aged 16-19) to examine how we can change student understanding of the IS/IT field. We gathered data through observation, questionnaires, essays, and teacher interviews, and returned two years later for a follow-up inquiry on how the course lived on in the school. In this article, we examine what kind of value was created for the stakeholders and study the negotiation of meanings around the image of IS/IT by the students and the teacher. We contribute insights on the collaboration that serves as a form of marketing of IS education and point to factors that can affect the continued existence of this kind of course. Collapse

Topics: participatory design IT career entrepreneurship marketing management IS education

Methods: design methodology survey qualitative interview

Theories: service-dominant logic

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Information Systems Education: Challenges, Consequences, and Responses

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Van Slyke, Craig; Johnson, Richard; Sarabadani, Jalal

Abstract: ChatGPT, an interactive, generative artificial intelligence (AI) system, was in ... Expand

Abstract: ChatGPT, an interactive, generative artificial intelligence (AI) system, was introduced in late 2022, quickly becoming one of the most rapidly adopted technologies in history. The rapid emergence of ChatGPT and similar AI tools, such as Google's Bard, and GPT-enabled Bing from Microsoft have led to intense discussions about how they will affect various aspects of society, including higher education. Information systems (IS) education will not escape the impact of AI tools. Our goal for this paper is to develop a better understanding of the range of possible impacts of ChatGPT on IS education and to describe how IS educators might respond to these potential impacts. To that end, we discuss challenges for IS education brought on by generative AI tools, and discuss potential future scenarios based on the emergence of such tools, ranging from AI having little impact on IS education to AI serving as competition for IS educators. We examine the challenges and consequences of each scenario. We also discuss potential responses, ranging from doing nothing to embracing AI tools as legitimate learning aids. We then provide several specific recommendations that will allow IS educators to effectively respond to the rise of AI tools. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IS education IT career generative AI disruptive innovation

Methods: chatGPT experiment case study

The Role of CIOs and Board’s IT Competence on HIT Investments

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Vasist, Pramukh; Anand, Abhijith; Krishnan, Satish

Abstract: Healthcare organizations currently face tough decisions regarding allocating re ... Expand

Abstract: Healthcare organizations currently face tough decisions regarding allocating resources to reduce costs and improve patient care. While IT investments have consistently been a priority, it is widely accepted as a given, resulting in research primarily examining IT investment outcomes. Recent studies highlight tensions between the role of CIOs and governing boards in determining IT resource allocations. Recognizing this, the current study investigates the dynamics between healthcare CIO presence and the board in driving targeted HIT investments. Drawing on the upper echelons theory, we theorize and propose several hypotheses to clarify the tensions between the CIO and the influence of boards in the healthcare industry, specifically in the context of HIT investments. Collapse

Topics: Chief Information Officer IT investment resource allocation database system technology adoption

Methods: theory development archival research post-hoc analysis statistical hypothesis test

Theories: upper echelons theory

Guidelines for the Development of Three-Level Models: Bridging Levels of Analysis and Integrating Contextual Influences in IS Research

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Venkatesh, Viswanath; Weng, Qin; Rai, Arun; Maruping, Likoebe

Abstract: The use of multilevel analysis has steadily increased in information systems (IS ... Expand

Abstract: The use of multilevel analysis has steadily increased in information systems (IS) research. Many studies are doing an admirable job of integrating two-level models into their examination of IS phenomena. However, two-level models are limited in how well they enable researchers to (1) more explicitly incorporate context into theory development and testing and (2) bridge the existing gap between micro- and macrolevel research by focusing on intervening mechanisms that link hierarchically distal levels of analysis. Three-level models have emerged as a potential way to address these limitations. While the literature has clearly outlined the mechanics of how to estimate three-level models, there is very little, if any, guidance on when and how to integrate the use of such models with theory development. Consequently, IS researchers have little guidance to inform their decisions about integrating the use of three-level models with their theory development and testing. In this article, we identify the circumstances under which IS researchers should consider the use of three-level models, develop guidelines about how to map the use of three-level model estimation to the theoretical objectives, and provide an illustration of how to implement the guidelines. Collapse

Topics: offshoring accounting IT project personality internet technology

Methods: theory development hierarchical linear modeling literature study likelihood-ratio test descriptive statistic

Theories: technology acceptance model big five model

Authenticity-Based Connections as Organizational Constraints and the Paradox of Authenticity in the Market for Cuban Cigars

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Verhaal, J. Cameron; Hahl, Oliver; Fandl, Kevin J.

Abstract: We explore the organizational consequences that different authenticity claims ca ... Expand

Abstract: We explore the organizational consequences that different authenticity claims carry for products and the firms that produce them. To do so, we build on the notion of an authenticity paradox—the idea that seeking to capture demand that is created by perceived authenticity can undermine the very authenticity that generated the demand in the first place. Using an experimental approach, we argue and show that provenance-based claims of authenticity (e.g., location of origin) constrain a firm spaciotemporally, limiting their ability to expand production in ways that might be economically rational but would undermine this authenticity claim. We further show there is no penalty (or there is a reduced penalty) when the claim is not explicitly spaciotemporal, and is instead based on an association to an iconic individual broadly connected to that place. We show how these types of connections help firms respond to the authenticity paradox by allowing them more freedom to expand production to meet the increased demand without undermining the original claims to authenticity. As a result, this paper’s key contribution is in moving beyond explaining how perceived authenticity benefits organizations and instead, explores how different claims to authenticity can constrain a firm’s ability to capture the value that it has created from authenticity.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1574. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing

Methods: experiment statistical power analysis theory development parametric test statistical hypothesis test

Theories: organizational theory

Leveraging Ambidexterity in a Digital Platform Ecosystem: Insights from a Complementor’s Perspective

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Vieru, Dragos; Plugge, Albert; Bourdeau, Simon

Abstract: This case study explores ambidextrous practices of a complementor firm within a ... Expand

Abstract: This case study explores ambidextrous practices of a complementor firm within a Microsoft-owned digital platform ecosystem (DPE). We draw on organizational ambidexterity and social mechanisms as lenses to analyze how a complementor deals with paradoxical practices of exploration and exploitation in the context of a DPE. By identifying deep structures and surface structures and their related social mechanisms we shed light on the role of ambidextrous complementors in a DPE. Our analysis implies that the identified social mechanisms illustrate how the complementor creates new ideas with other DPE actors to nurture capability development (exploration) and how these ideas are transformed into practice (exploitation). In addition, our findings imply that the complementor’s support of a platform contributes to an increased commitment to the platform owner. Collapse

Topics: innovation management digital ecosystem knowledge sharing telephone electronic mail

Methods: qualitative interview field study triangulation case study personal interview

Theories: ambidexterity theory

Showcase: A Data-Driven Dashboard for Federal Criminal Sentencing

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Vo, Ace; Plachkinova, Miloslava

Abstract: The main purpose of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 was to provide more unifo ... Expand

Abstract: The main purpose of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 was to provide more uniformity in sentencing and reduce interjudge disparity. Subsequently, the act created the federal sentencing guidelines to offer judges a possible sentencing range for offenses. However, since these recommendations were based on historical data, the guidelines amplified existing biases and increased inequality and the disproportionate sentencing of minorities. To address this problem, we developed an artifact called "ShowCase"-a data-driven dashboard-that is grounded in penal theory, organizational context theory, social bonds theory, and triangulation notion in design theory. The artifact helps judges make fairer and more objective decisions by integrating a variety of data points. We used a design science research methodology and mixed methods to guide the development and evaluation of the proposed dashboard. Our research inquiry revealed the legal and extralegal factors that contribute to more equitable judicial decisions. We also found support for integrating data science and more diverse viewpoints in the sentencing process. Our study shows that a validated data-driven dashboard can be used to promote fairness, objectivity, and transparency in the criminal justice system. Collapse

Topics: digital dashboard organizational context decision making criminality societal evaluation criteria

Methods: design artifact survey triangulation literature study design process

Theories: information systems theory

Empirically Grounded Development of a Maturity Model for AI in B2B Sales

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Voss, Marleen; Knickrehm, Charlotte

Abstract: This paper addresses the growing prominence of Artificial Intelligence in B2B s ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses the growing prominence of Artificial Intelligence in B2B software investing and the pressing need for effective AI implementation. Despite the immense potential, evidence shows that most AI initiatives fail. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a B2B sales AI maturity model, leveraging the structured framework of maturity models to help firms prepare for AI adoption. Drawing from the Design Science Research process, the study elaborates on the development of the maturity model through iterative stages, encompassing, for example, a literature review, expert interviews, and case studies. The goal is to enable firms to assess their AI implementation maturity and identify areas for enhancement to effectively integrate AI into their sales functions. The paper highlights the need for a robust framework tailored to AI in B2B sales and highlights the contributions and potential impact of the research on reshaping B2B sales practices in the AI era. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence business-to-business marketing management decision making Python

Methods: maturity model design science qualitative interview focus group cluster analysis