Digital transformation and European small and medium enterprises (SMEs): A comparative study using digital economy and society index data

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 1

Authors: Skare, Marinko; de las Mercedes de Obesso, María; Ribeiro-Navarrete, Samuel

Abstract: Digital transformation is profoundly transforming SMEs’ business activities, bri ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation is profoundly transforming SMEs’ business activities, bringing about comparative ad­ vantages and associated risks. Previous studies on digital transformation and SMEs focus on technology adoption, innovation, new value creation, and dynamic capabilities. However, it is unclear how digital technology affects SMEs’ specific business activities. We study SMEs’ customer access, increasing competition, external funding or access to finance, rising input costs, skilled labor shortages, exogenous shocks, global crises, and regulatory is­ sues. This study aims to fill the literature gap by exploring the impact of digital technology, using digital economy and society index (DESI) as proxies for the SME issues. We use DESI and SME data from a survey on European enterprises’ access to finance. We find that digital transformation strengthens SMEs’ ability and flexibility to address main business issues. Furthermore, findings reveal that digitally transformed SMEs have fewer concerns about access to new and traditional customers, competition changes, access to finance, increasing input costs, external shocks, and regulatory changes. However, digital transformation also brings risks, such as the shortage of skilled labor and experienced managers and loss of inherent competitiveness. The novelty of our work lies in supplying quantitative knowledge on the link between digital transformation and European SMEs’ critical business concerns. These findings substantially increase our understanding of the impact of digital change on European SMEs’ business activities. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation database system pandemic business model supply chain management

Methods: cross sectional research survey Wald test data modeling design science

Exploring Artificial Intelligence Bias, Fairness and Ethics in Organisation and Managerial Studies

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Smacchia, Marco; Za, Stefano

Abstract: Due to the increasing adoption of AI technology in our society, this paper aims ... Expand

Abstract: Due to the increasing adoption of AI technology in our society, this paper aims to develop a complete overview of the current debate on artificial intelligence bias fairness and ethics in organisation and managerial studies. To this end, we adopted the Computational Literature Review (CLR) method to conduct an impact and a topic modelling analysis of the relevant literature, using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique. As a result, we identified and analysed 18 topics related to the selected domain. We further classified those topics into 5 categories creating a clear distinction between the social and the technical nature of a bias and its origins. Finally, focusing on the emerging topics, we proposed a set of guiding questions that might foster future research directions. This paper provides insights to scholars and managers interested in AI bias and ethical issues and could be used also as a guide to perform CLR. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence information management responsible artificial intelligence database system privacy

Methods: literature study literature sample qualitative content analysis topic model computational algorithm

The Future of Upskilling for Work, and Industry-University Collaboration in the AI Era: Case studies of AI, Analytics and other technology-enabled solu- tions for Industry-University collaboration to prepare for the future of work in Digital Era

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Smale, A.; Spohrer, J.; Palo, M.; Eriksson, T.

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Topics: health information system Indeed.com

Methods: machine learning

Digital Identity Wallets and their Semantic Contradictions

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Smethurst, Reilly

Abstract: In the fight for individual privacy against online surveillance and personal da ... Expand

Abstract: In the fight for individual privacy against online surveillance and personal data breaches, blockchain developers often pitch encrypted wallets as solutions. Five examples from 2021 and 2022 involve BigTech companies or large European governments. On the private side, Jack Dorsey's Block company announced the Web5 Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) Service. Meta and Twitter added support for fictional identities -tokenised avatars or profile pictures like Bored Apes and CryptoPunks, registered to Web3 wallets that putatively offer "self-sovereign ownership". On the public side, the European Commission funded SSI wallet trials for digital diploma credentials. Germany's federal government launched a mobile driving licence (mDL), stored in a SSI wallet. This one term, "SSI", is associated with varying sets of technologies and ethical principles. Following complaints that "SSI" generates confusion, I offer a typology that highlights four semantic contradictions as well as a concept map to guide future research. Collapse

Topics: web3 privacy

The World as an Interface: Exploring the Ethical Challenges of the Emerging Metaverse

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Smith, Carl H.; Molka-Danielsen, Judith; Rasool, Jazz; Webb-Benjamin, Jean-Brunel

Abstract: Mixed reality is emerging as the next phase of personal computing. Once Apple Gl ... Expand

Abstract: Mixed reality is emerging as the next phase of personal computing. Once Apple Glass is released augmented and mixed reality will go mainstream and the impact on our behaviour will be as dramatic as when the iPhone was released. In parallel, what used to be 2D webpages are becoming 3D worlds, collectively forming a meta universe of virtual or mixed reality domains -the ‘Metaverse’. Mixed reality is precisely where the best affordances of the digital and analogue worlds should work together to create entirely new interactive learning, social and economic opportunities. In this paper we reflect on how the physical world will itself become an interface making reality even more machine-readable, click-able, and searchable. We further propose how society will need to ensure that the appropriate boundary management is in place to allow us as co-creators of the metaverse to protect our ethical rights of privacy, integrity, and autonomy. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality smart device augmented reality web 2.0 extended reality

Methods: case study machine learning

Introduction to the Minitrack on Design and Appropriation of Knowledge and AI Systems

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Smolnik, Stefan; Hadaya, Pierre; Holford, W. David

Abstract: The objective of this minitrack is to contribute to the body of knowledge that ... Expand

Abstract: The objective of this minitrack is to contribute to the body of knowledge that helps scholars and practitioners increase their collective understanding of (1) how knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI) systems are planned, designed, built, implemented, used, evaluated, supported, upgraded, and evolved; (2) how knowledge and AI systems impact the context in which they are embedded; and (3) the human behaviors reflected within and induced through both (1) and (2). By knowledge and AI systems, we mean systems in which human participants and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) related to the creation, retention, transfer and/or application of knowledge using information, technology, and other resources to produce informational products and/or services for internal or external customers (adapted from Alter 2008). Such systems may include, but are not limited to, knowledge management systems, decision systems, social media, expert systems, machine learning systems, and other AI systems as well as any other ITenabled knowledge processes.It is the eleventh year of the minitrack. We received six papers this year and after a rigorous review process, we accepted three for publication in the proceedings and online presentation at the conference.The first paper is titled Knowledge Transfer between Humans and Conversational Agents: A Review, Organizing Framework, and Future Directions. Authored by Prakash Chandra Sukhwal, Wei Cui, and Atreyi Kankanhalli, this paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical information system and human-computer interaction studies on the knowledge transfer between humans and conversational agents. After analyzing gathered papers, the authors provide a summary of the current state of empirical research, propose an organizing framework for synthesizing the prior research, identify gaps in understanding, and lay out future research directions on this topic.The second paper is titled Context-Aware Knowledge-based Systems: A Literature Review.Authored by Thi-My-Hang Vu, Thang Le Dinh, Nguyen Anh Khoa Dam, and Cuong Pham-Nguyen, this paper aims to stimulate future works on contextaware knowledge-based systems, by providing an overall synthesis of how to conceptualize and implement context-aware systems, which leverage knowledge-based approaches to provide smart services to users. The authors focus on behavioral (i.e., processes or steps/activities to design and implement a system) and structural aspects (i.e., components of a system), which must be considered in any system conception and design. They arrive at the conclusion that facilitates the conception and design of contextaware knowledge-based systems, a systematic framework, which considers both knowledge management and context-aware design aspects, needs to be further investigated.The third and last paper is titled No ground truth at sea -developing high-accuracy AI decision support for complex environments. Authored by Adrian Bumann, this paper aims to answer the following research questions: What are the challenges in designing a highaccuracy AI-based decision-support tool for a complex context subject to external physical sources of inaccuracy? And how do innovators mitigate these challenges? Drawing upon a rich longitudinal singlecase study on the development of AI decision support for maritime navigation, the author shows that (1) the goal of achieving high output accuracy is complicated by the physical environment hindering training data creation; and (2) developers chose to reduce the output accuracy to successfully situate the AI application in an existing sociotechnical context.We wish to thank all of the authors who submitted work for consideration in this minitrack. We also thank the dedicated reviewers for the time and effort they invested in reviewing the papers. We believe that the accepted papers contribute to furthering our understanding on the creation and appropriation of knowledge and AI systems. We look forward to discussing these further during our sessions in January 2023. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence knowledge sharing expert system decision support human computer interaction

Methods: chatbot structured literature research longitudinal research literature sample literature study

Does Investor Gender Matter for the Success of Female Entrepreneurs? Gender Homophily and the Stigma of Incompetence in Entrepreneurial Finance

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Snellman, Kaisa; Solal, Isabelle

Abstract: Female support of other women has been put forth as a remedy to the gender gap a ... Expand

Abstract: Female support of other women has been put forth as a remedy to the gender gap across many domains. Yet the potential costs associated with gender homophily are not well understood. We propose that homophily aggravates negative gender bias in evaluation. Focusing on the context of entrepreneurship, we theorize that future investors will discount a female entrepreneur’s competence as the key factor in an early-stage investment decision, when the investment comes from a female investor. Consequently, female-backed female entrepreneurs may struggle to raise additional funds from new investors. In a field study of venture-backed startups, we find that firms with female founders who received funding from female rather than male VCs are two times less likely to raise additional financing. We find no equivalent investor gender effect for male-founded firms. In an experimental study, we find that pitches by female-backed female entrepreneurs receive lower evaluations compared with all other pitches, and that this is driven by perceptions of entrepreneur competence. Our findings suggest that well-intentioned calls for women to invest in women not only place an undue burden on female investors, but may also undermine the long-term success of female entrepreneurs. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1594. Collapse

Topics: entrepreneurship social capital accounting organizational context missing data

Methods: experiment theory development chi squared test field study proportional hazards model

UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN MASSIVELY MULTIPLAYER ONLINE ROLE-PLAYING GAMES: CRIME OPPORTUNITY AND AFFORDANCE PERSPECTIVES

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: So, Bobby; Cheung, Christy

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Topics: affordance user experience anonymity cyberbullying usability

Methods: longitudinal research survey design survey structural equation modeling partial least squares path modeling

Theories: theory of affordance crime opportunity theory

Cryptocurrency Research in the Field of Information Systems: A Literature Review and its Implications for Sharing Economy Research

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: So, T.; Cheung, C.; Tai, S.

Abstract: Cryptocurrency has been widely adopted as an asset for investment with the rise ... Expand

Abstract: Cryptocurrency has been widely adopted as an asset for investment with the rise of numerous wellknown cryptocurrency exchanges. Practitioners and enthusiasts have begun to promote cryptocurrency as a means of payment in the sharing economy. This new trend has also received attention from academia, especially among information systems (IS) scholars. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to consolidate knowledge about cryptocurrency in the field of IS through a systematic literature review and provide insights for researchers to seek opportunities for cryptocurrency research in the context of the sharing economy. Collapse

Topics: cryptocurrency sharing platform affordance IS discipline blockchain

Methods: literature study literature sample experiment survey structured literature research

Theories: theory of affordance

Intelligent Technologies supporting the management of a smart city. Qualitative approach

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Sobczak, A.; Ziora, L.

Abstract: Intelligent technologies such as BusinessIntelligence systems, big data, artifi ... Expand

Abstract: Intelligent technologies such as BusinessIntelligence systems, big data, artificial intelligence including machine learning and cognitive technologies play crucial role in the process of a smart city management. The aim of the paper is to indicate the role of intelligent solutions in the management of a contemporary city, particularly focusing on the support of decision making process. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach where six case studies were conducted in the selected big cities in Poland in 2021 year where the respondents belonged to the group of mainly managers of IT departments. The case study analyses showed that implemented intelligent solutions in the process of a smart city management positively and significantly affect efficacy, efficiency, quality, and acceleration of the decision-making process and also support the creation of a particular city development strategy. The paper puts also an emphasis on the review of AI applications within the concept of smart city in a big worldwide metropolies. Collapse

Topics: smart city artificial intelligence decision making virtual workplace cloud computing

Methods: case study survey qualitative interview literature study