Quantum Computing

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Nofer, Michael; Bauer, Kevin; Hinz, Oliver; van der Aalst, Wil; Weinhardt, Christof

Abstract: ... Expand

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Topics: quantum computing IS economics

Methods: design science

Reconciling Strategy, Maturity, and Performance Measurement in Industry 4.0

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nolasco, Pedro; Barata, João; Cunha, Paulo Rupino da; Coelho, Miguel

Abstract: Maturity models are essential tools to evaluate Industry 4.0 readiness. However ... Expand

Abstract: Maturity models are essential tools to evaluate Industry 4.0 readiness. However, they have limitations in supporting organizational strategies over time and are insufficient to create company-specific Industry 4.0 roadmaps. This paper presents a research project to steer Industry 4.0 transformation in a leading paper pulp company listed on the Euronext Lisbon stock exchange. The contribution to the body of knowledge is a novel approach for Industry 4.0 adoption that extends the Balanced Scorecard with a fifth perspective and exposes the value of maturity model fragments: fractions of maturity models pertinent to a custom strategy. The proposed solution can support continuous improvement in long-term digital transformation strategies. Moreover, the lifecycle of maturity model fragments, namely, (1) dimensions and criteria elicitation, (2) personalization, and (3) strategic alignment, opens innovative prospects for maturity model design, tailorability, and practical relevance. KeywordsIndustry 4.0, maturity model, balanced scorecard, strategy development. Collapse

Topics: production management industry 4.0 3D printing strategic management balanced scorecard

Methods: maturity model design science design artifact company material design process

What Drives Sentiments on Social Media? An Exploratory Study on the 2021 Canadian Federal Election

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Noor, H.; Turetken, O.

Abstract: Social media is used for online political discourse. Voter opinions have differ ... Expand

Abstract: Social media is used for online political discourse. Voter opinions have different sentiments associated with them. Understanding the factors behind these sentiments can help policymakers to take actions that align with voter needs and priorities. This research focuses on identifying the drivers (keywords) of sentiments while also investigating the relationship between these keywords and how fast the related message (the tweet) spreads. Sentiment Analysis (SA) of 779,169 tweets related to the 2021 Canadian Federal election was followed by text clustering to identify sentiment-driving topics. The results suggest some keywords common in opposite sentiment types (positive and negative), which shows polarization in Twitter while some keywords unique to a sentiment type suggest concepts to invest in or mitigate. Chi-Square tests suggest a significant relationship between keywords and the number of retweets for extremely negative tweets. Collapse

Topics: Twitter social media spreadsheet cloud computing pandemic

Methods: cluster analysis sentiment analysis chi squared test natural language processing survey

Password and Passphrase Guessing with Recurrent Neural Networks

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Nosenko, Alex; Cheng, Yuan; Chen, Haiquan

Abstract: Most online services continue their reliance on text-based passwords as the prim ... Expand

Abstract: Most online services continue their reliance on text-based passwords as the primary authentication mechanism. With a growing number of these services and the limited creativity to devise new memorable passwords, users tend to reuse their passwords across multiple platforms. These factors, combined with the increasing number of leaked passwords, make passwords vulnerable to cross-site guessing attacks. Over the years, researchers have proposed several prevalent methods to predict subsequently used passwords, such as dictionary attacks, rule-based approaches, neural networks, and combinations of the above. We exploit the correlation between the similarity and predictability of these subsequent passwords in a dataset of 28.8 million users and their 61.5 million passwords. We use a rule-based approach but delegate rule derivation, classification, and prediction to a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). We limit the number of guessing attempts to ten yet get an astonishingly high prediction accuracy of up to 83% in under five attempts, twice as much as any other known model. The result makes our model effective for targeted online password guessing without getting spotted or locked out. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt of its kind using RNN. We also explore the use of RNN models in passphrase guessing. Passphrases are perceived to be more secure and easier to remember than passwords of the same length. We use a dataset that contains around 100,000 distinct phrases. We demonstrate that RNN models can predict complete passphrases given the initial word with rate up to 40%, which is twice better than other known approaches. Furthermore, our predictions can succeed in under 5,000 attempts, a 100% improvement compared to existing algorithms. In addition, this approach provides ease of deployment and low resource consumption. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt to exploit RNN for passphrase guessing. Collapse

Topics: password Google+ computer hardware electronic authentication Python

Methods: artificial neural network experiment computational algorithm naïve bayes Markov chain Monte Carlo

How negative emotions spread on social media: the case of celebrity suicides

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nouri, Ehsan; Saraf, Nilesh; Goh, Jie Mein; Dasgupta, Srabana; Cyr, Dianne

Abstract: Social Media can spread messages, emotions, and behaviors among large audiences ... Expand

Abstract: Social Media can spread messages, emotions, and behaviors among large audiences. Particularly, the consequences of emotion propagation become alarming when negative and shocking events like celebrity suicides happen and influence many vulnerable users. Analyzing social media discussions enables us to understand the mechanisms by which negative emotions spread, and also design effective health interventions. Here we investigate the suicide events of four celebrities and the subsequent Twitter discussions that appeared in the form of cascades -chains of retweets. By using a state-of-the-art BERTbased language model to identify emotion scores, we find that sadness and fear are the leading emotions expressed in each event and that the speed, size, and lifetime of dialogues vary depending on their emotional composition. Further analysis aims to provide new theoretical explanations. Collapse

Topics: Twitter social media user behavior Reddit social network

Methods: BERT language model natural language processing transformer model econometric modeling

Strategy for managing project front-end of digital transformation – a case for a multidimensional and creative conceptualization

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Ntakirutimana, Jean-Bosco; Vieru, Dragos; Motaghi, Hamed

Abstract: In any human endeavors, a sound strategy constitutes a key success factor. In th ... Expand

Abstract: In any human endeavors, a sound strategy constitutes a key success factor. In this essay, we discuss the concept of strategy, its manifestation in digital transformation, and a strategy for managing project front-end activities in digital transformation. More precisely, we first highlight the multidimensional nature of strategy, then different strategies found in digital transformation. Finally, we propose a metaphor with a potential to enhance the understanding of strategy for managing project front-end activities in digital transformation through a vivid description of related phenomena. Overall, this essay advances knowledge in Information Systems through a multidimensional and creative conceptualization of strategy. More precisely, we hope to enhance theory for analyzing and theory for design and action in this field. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation usability user interface organizational success IS maturity

Methods: literature study

Theories: ambidexterity theory

When Stablecoin is No Longer Stable - A Case Study on the Failure of TerraUSD

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nurbaev, Vladimir; Au, Cheuk Hang; Chou, Chih-Yuan

Abstract: Comparing to other price-volatile cryptocurrencies, stablecoins provide a relia ... Expand

Abstract: Comparing to other price-volatile cryptocurrencies, stablecoins provide a reliable way to store value and make transactions, and thus are more suitable for daily-life usage and investment risk control. However, there remains a lack of understanding of how stablecoin can gain success. This may lead to the introduction of stablecoins based on uninformed proposals, which may eventually fail. In turn, owners of these stablecoins may suffer from significant financial losses. Using theories of Information Systems and digital startups failures as the theoretical foundation, our study identified four underlying factors (lack of scarcity, lack of fiat reserve backup, decentralization, and failure of value creation) and two triggers (massive selling by major investors and algorithm malfunction) behind the collapse of a stablecoin, based on the case of TerraUSD's collapse. Our findings provide implications for stablecoins issuers to prioritize maintenance and foster user adoption, thus increasing the likelihood of success of stablecoins. Collapse

Topics: stablecoin value creation backup digital entrepreneurship social media

Methods: qualitative coding case study field study netnography business process modeling

A framework for applying ethics-by-design to decision support systems for emergency management

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Nussbaumer, Alexander; Pope, Andrew; Neville, Karen

Abstract: The development and utilisation of new information and communication technologie ... Expand

Abstract: The development and utilisation of new information and communication technologies presents opportunities and risks, which bring ethical issues to the forefront. Any attempt to minimise the potential negative consequences to individuals, organisations and society resulting from the use of these technologies is challenging. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents an ethics-by-design approach that has been developed and implemented in the context of Decision Supports Systems for Emergency Management. Such systems help manage large and cross-border disasters by supporting decision makers to respond on emergencies in a reasonable way by taking follow-up actions into account. The approach taken in this paper specifically provides means to support the ethical dimensions of these decisions. Actions taken during disasters can have ramifications that persist long after a disaster has passed. The ethics-by-design approach presented here not only informs the design of systems, but also considers the role and training of the decision makers in the design process. The paper builds on the literature on ethics in information systems and makes a contribution to theory by providing a framework to ensure ethical considerations are embedded into the design of systems. Collapse

Topics: decision support system systems design decision making research and development privacy

Methods: focus group design process literature study design principle design framework

Conceptualizing Visibility in Hybrid Work

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nuswantoro, Bayu; Richter, Alexander; Riemer, Kai

Abstract: Hybrid work experienced a surge due to the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing with it ... Expand

Abstract: Hybrid work experienced a surge due to the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing with it reduced visibility of cues used to facilitate effective teamwork and work coordination. While previous research suggests that virtual environments can help re-establish visibility, there is no comprehensive picture of the role of visibility in hybrid work. Based on a systematic search and hermeneutic review of 52 selected papers, we propose a framework that encompasses six dimensions of visibility: location, observer-observee relationship, mode of observation, awareness of observee, type of interaction, and work scenario. We further identify five groups of IT-supported practices aiming to (re-)establish visibility. The suggested framework and the identified practices contribute to a more nuanced understanding of (the role of) visibility in hybrid work environments. Based on our findings, we conceptualize visibility as a double-edged sword and as a continuum. Finally, we discuss implications for theory and practice and suggest avenues for future research. Collapse

Topics: remote work IT supported collaboration virtual teamwork electronic mail system support

Methods: literature study structured literature research literature sample design artifact conceptual analysis

Do SETA Interventions Change Security Behavior? – A Literature Review

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Nwachukwu, Uchechukwu; Vidgren, Jiri; Niemimaa, Marko; Järveläinen, Jonna

Abstract: Information security education, training, and awareness (SETA) are approaches to ... Expand

Abstract: Information security education, training, and awareness (SETA) are approaches to changing end-users’ security behavior. Research into SETA has conducted interventions to study the effects of SETA on security behavior. However, we lack aggregated knowledge on ‘how do SETA interventions influence security behavior?’. This study reviews 21 empirical SETA intervention studies published across the top IS journals. The theoretical findings show that the research has extended Protection Motivation Theory by (1) enhancements to fear appeals; (2) drawing attention to relevance; (3) incorporating temporality; (4) and shifting from intentions to behavior. In terms of behavior, the SETA interventions have targeted (1) information security policy compliance behavior; and (2) information protection behavior. We argue that while these studies have provided insights into security intentions and behavior, knowledge on designing effective SETA training has remained primarily anecdotal. We contribute (1) by pointing out gaps in the knowledge; and (2) by proposing tentative design recommendations. Collapse

Topics: data protection self efficacy web application security policy user behavior

Methods: literature study experiment literature sample design science structured literature research

Theories: protection motivation theory