The Hidden Costs and Benefits of Monitoring in the Gig Economy

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Liang, Chen; Peng, Jing; Hong, Yili; Gu, Bin

Abstract: Monitoring, a digital surveillance technology that allows employers to track the ... Expand

Abstract: Monitoring, a digital surveillance technology that allows employers to track the activities of workers, is ubiquitous in the gig economy wherein the workforce is geographically dispersed. However, workers are often reluctant to be monitored because of privacy concerns, resulting in a hidden economic cost for employers as workers tend to demand higher wages for monitored jobs. To help employers make informed decisions on whether they should adopt monitoring and how to design monitoring policies, we investigate how three common dimensions of monitoring affect workers’ willingness to accept monitored jobs as well as the underlying mechanisms through online experiments on two gig economy platforms (Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) and Prolific). The three dimensions of monitoring are intensity (how much information is collected), transparency (whether the monitoring policy is disclosed to workers), and control (whether workers can remove sensitive information). We find that, as the monitoring intensity increases, workers become less willing to accept monitoring because of elevated privacy concerns. Furthermore, we find that being transparent about the monitoring policy increases workers’ willingness to accept monitoring only when the monitoring intensity is low. Transparent disclosure does not reduce privacy concerns over high-intensity monitoring. Interestingly, providing control over high-intensity monitoring does not significantly reduce workers’ privacy concerns either, rendering this well-intentioned policy ineffective. Finally, females are more willing to accept monitored jobs than males as they perceive higher payment protection from monitoring and have lower privacy concerns. On average, we estimate that the compensations required for workers to accept monitoring are $1.8/hour for AMT workers and $1.6/hour for Prolific workers, which translate to roughly 37.5% and 28.6% of their average hourly wages, respectively.History: Alessandro Acquisti, Senior Editor; Idris Adjerid, Associate Editor.Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Research [Grant 1824432].Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1130. Collapse

Topics: information privacy concern platform worker privacy IT policy IT work

Methods: experiment survey experimental design regression analysis method mediation analysis

Smart System: Joint Utility and Frequency for Pattern Classification

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lin, Qi; Gan, Wensheng; Wu, Yongdong; Chen, Jiahui; Chen, Chien-Ming

Abstract: Nowadays, the environments of smart systems for Industry 4.0 and Internet of Thi ... Expand

Abstract: Nowadays, the environments of smart systems for Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things are experiencing fast industrial upgrading. Big data technologies such as design making, event detection, and classification are developed to help manufacturing organizations to achieve smart systems. By applying data analysis, the potential values of rich data can be maximized, which will help manufacturing organizations to finish another round of upgrading. In this article, we propose two new algorithms with respect to big data analysis, namely UFCgen and UFCfast. Both algorithms are designed to collect three types of patterns to help people determine the market positions for different product combinations. We compare these algorithms on various types of datasets, both real and synthetic. The experimental results show that both algorithms can successfully achieve pattern classification by utilizing three different types of interesting patterns from all candidate patterns based on user-specified thresholds of utility and frequency. Furthermore, the list-based UFCfast algorithm outperforms the levelwise-based UFCgen algorithm in terms of both execution time and memory consumption. Collapse

Topics: database system production management smart manufacturing operating system Microsoft Windows

Methods: computational algorithm experiment case study machine learning literature study

Following too much on Facebook brand page: A concept of brand overload and its validation

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Lin, Xiaolin; Wang, Xuequn

Abstract: As consumers increasingly engage in online brand communities, the demand of bran ... Expand

Abstract: As consumers increasingly engage in online brand communities, the demand of brand-related activities (e.g., finding relevant product information and sharing product information) also increases. Consumers may feel overwhelmed by these brand-related activities. To provide an understanding of this phenomenon, we concep­ tualize it as brand overload and then empirically examine its antecedents and consequences based upon the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework in the context of online brand community. Using two rounds of surveys to collect data from 409 American consumers, our results show that consumer-generated content and social interaction quality are the primary drivers of information and social overload. Consumer-generated content quality has a quadratic effect on information overload following an inverted U shape. Social interac­ tion quality also significantly affects social overload following an inverted U-shaped relationship. Information and social overload are both positively related to brand overload, which in turn leads to brand disloyalty as the negative consequence. In addition, to supplement the quantitative study, a qualitative study was used to test and substantiate the proposed research model. With its mixed-method design, our study contributes to the literature by proposing the concept of brand overload and empirically investigating its antecedents and consequences from the SOR perspective. Practically, our study delivers insights for companies on how to use online brand com­ munities strategically and efficiently to avoid negative impacts. Collapse

Topics: information overload social media Facebook information exchange system quality

Methods: survey mixed method post-hoc analysis qualitative interview chi squared test

UNDERSTANDING PRE-INTERACTION RESPONSE TO HUMANOID ROBOTS: A VIEW OF COMFORT WITH ROBOTS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lin, Yanqing; Yong, Liu; Tuunainen, Virpi

Abstract: Despite the growing body of research exploring consumer responses to robotics, ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the growing body of research exploring consumer responses to robotics, the existing comprehension of this topic locates mainly on consumers' post-interaction reactions to robots based on technology-related and service-related views, leaving the complexity of pre-interaction uninvestigated.Motivated by a scarcity of knowledge on consumers' reactions to service robots before their actual interaction, this study disentangles how perceived comfort with robots, as a pre-interaction perception triggered by robot anthropomorphism, penetrates customers' implicit social decision-making and affects customer responses. By a large-scale scenario-based experiment, this study allocated a fine-grained spectrum of anthropomorphism and cartographically delineated the Uncanny Valley-resemblance effect of anthropomorphism degree on comfort with robots and trust. Furthermore, our study reveals the role of human-robot trust in mediating the relationship between comfort with robots and usage intention. The findings provide tools for future studies into understanding pre-interaction responses from socialpsychological elements that could inform the design of socially competent robots. Collapse

Topics: robotic usage intention decision making artificial intelligence crowdsourcing

Methods: experiment survey mediation analysis structural equation modeling PLS tool

Theories: uncanny valley theory

A Design Theory for Certification Presentations

2023 | ACM SIGMIS Database | Citations: 0

Authors: Lins, Sebastian; Becker, Jan-Michael; Lyytinen, Kalle; Sunyaev, Ali

Abstract: Prior information system research remains inconsistent of the effects of system ... Expand

Abstract: Prior information system research remains inconsistent of the effects of system certifications. In their current use, certifications are often reduced to graphical seals. This approach fails to incorporate detailed assurance information emanating from the certification process. To address this gap, we adopt a design science approach and deploy a four-phase research design to clarify how to design impactful IS certification presentations. First, we identify sources of users' limited understanding of seals and formulate a design proposal for a certification presentation by drawing upon the elaboration likelihood model. In the second phase, we formulate and validate a set of design meta-requirements and guidelines to improve certification presentation, using cognitive load theory and Toulmin's model of argumentation as kernel theories. In the third phase, new certification presentations that comply with the proposed guidelines are developed and evaluated for their effectiveness. We show that presentations that augment seal-based certification presentations with richer assurance information improve certification effectiveness. This increases users' assurance and trust perceptions when the presentations align with the users' cognitive information processing needs in ways that reduce their cognitive load and enhance argument quality of assurance information. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing website information privacy concern cloud storage data quality

Methods: experiment design guideline experimental group survey design artifact

Theories: argumentation theory dual-system theory cognitive load theory elaboration likelihood model

Management of National eID Infrastructure as a State-Critical Asset and Public-private Partnership: Learning from the Case of Estonia

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Lips, Silvia; Tsap, Valentyna; Bharosa, Nitesh; Krimmer, Robert; Tammet, Tanel; Draheim, Dirk

Abstract: In the management of national electronic identity (eID) infrastructure, cooperat ... Expand

Abstract: In the management of national electronic identity (eID) infrastructure, cooperation between public and private parties becomes more and more important, as the mutual dependencies between the provision of e-services and the provision of the national public key infrastructure (PKI) continuously increases. Yet, it is not clear which key factors affect the public-private collaboration in the eID field, as existing studies do not provide insight into this particular matter. Therefore, we aim to identify the factors that affect public-private partnership (PPP) in the field of eID. We also describe feasible formats that help to improve the cooperation between the two sectors, based on insights from the case of Estonia. In service of that study, we conducted twelve qualitative interviews with high-level experts representing several parties from the public and the private sector. By conducting a thematic analysis of the interviews, we identified five key factors for successful PPP in the eID field, i.e., engagement, joint understanding, two-way communication, clear role division, and process orientation. Furthermore, we generalize our results by discussing, in how far the found cooperation formats can be used by stakeholders to manage state-critical information technology (IT) infrastructure components similar to eID such as mobile phone services, data transmission services and digital signature services. Collapse

Topics: government system critical success factor anonymity electronic authentication mobile phone

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative content analysis literature study design framework case study

Understanding critical risks of business process outsourcing from the vendor perspective: A dyadic comparison Delphi study

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Liu, Shan; Keil, Mark; Wang, Lin; Lu, Yaobin

Abstract: Business process outsourcing (BPO) enables organizations to enhance operational ... Expand

Abstract: Business process outsourcing (BPO) enables organizations to enhance operational capability, shorten response time, and gain strategic value. Yet, BPO risks are real and BPO initiatives can and do go awry. While prior research has attempted to understand BPO risks from the client perspective, the critical risks of BPO from the vendor perspective (and how they differ from those of the client perspective) are not well understood. By using the Delphi method, this study identifies and ranks BPO risk factors from the perspective of vendors as well as clients (for comparison purposes) across two countries. We identify a list of 68 BPO risk factors perceived by vendors and clients and top-ranked risk factors perceived by vendors. We categorize these factors into six risk dimensions (i.e., organizational environment, client, complexity, contract, execution, and vendor). Our findings indicate that vendors are concerned about not only the risks that influence their own business, but also those that may impact the business of clients. However, vendors focus more on client and execution risks, whereas clients focus more on vendor and organizational environment risks. Our research contributes to the existing literature by not only investigating the top-ranked risks from the perspective of vendors, but also revealing the similarities and differences in the perceptions of vendors and clients with respect to BPO risk. Our research also has practical utility for BPO vendors and clients. Collapse

Topics: outsourcing national culture brainstorming business function electronic mail

Methods: delphi study literature sample survey literature study qualitative interview

Theories: sociotechnical systems theory

What Piques Users’ Curiosity on Open Innovation Platforms? An Analysis Based on Mobile App Stores

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Liu, Xiaohui; Jiang, Na; Fu, Mengyao; Cai, Zhao; Lim, Eric T. K.; Tan, Chee-Wee

Abstract: Curiosity, a motivational state of exploratory behavior, is conducive to innovat ... Expand

Abstract: Curiosity, a motivational state of exploratory behavior, is conducive to innovation diffusion by encouraging users’ exploration on open innovation platforms. Yet, despite its importance, there is a scarcity of research investigating the mechanism for piquing users’ curiosity. Accordingly, we advance a research model to unravel how platform service quality, in the form of service content quality and service delivery quality, affects users’ epistemic and perceptual curiosity via inducing their trust and distrust in a platform. Taking mobile app stores as our empirical context, we collected data from 431 users to validate our hypothesized relationships. Analytical results indicate that both dimensions of platform service quality positively influence users’ trust in platform, whereas only service delivery quality negatively influences users’ distrust in platform. Furthermore, trust in platform directly triggers curiosity whereas distrust in platform positively influences users’ feeling-of-deprivation, which in turn triggers curiosity. In this sense, our analytical results reveal the mediating roles of distrust in platform and feeling-of-deprivation in the relationship between service delivery quality and curiosity. Collapse

Topics: service quality open innovation innovation management mobile application market digital distribution

Methods: partial least squares path modeling survey survey design theory development PLS tool

The Role of Media Synchronicity Fit and Sense of Community in Live Streaming Platforms

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Liu, Yuqian; Deng, Chaoqun

Abstract: To understand viewers' sense of community in the live streaming environment, th ... Expand

Abstract: To understand viewers' sense of community in the live streaming environment, this research synthesizes media synchronicity theory and sense of community theory to develop a theoretical framework. We aim to examine the antecedents and consequences of the sense of community in live streaming platforms. We expect that viewers' actual communication purpose (e.g., conveyance or convergence) will influence viewers' sense of community in the live streaming context and further impact their activities in traditional third-party online communities. We first use experiments to validate the mechanism in our theoretical model and then collect observational data from Twitch, a popular live streaming platform, to test our hypotheses. Our results will provide theoretical contributions to the live streaming, online community, and communication literature. Our findings will provide practical implications for streamers in the live streaming platform. Collapse

Topics: live streaming platform Twitch online community social media user behavior

Methods: experiment descriptive statistic qualitativ observational study theoretical contribution theory development

Theories: media synchronicity theory

Pushing Yourself Harder: The Effects of Mobile Touch Modes on Users’ Self-Regulation

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Liu, Yang (Alison); Jiang, Zhenhui (Jack); Choi, Ben C. F.

Abstract: Many mobile applications use push notifications and reminders to explicitly educ ... Expand

Abstract: Many mobile applications use push notifications and reminders to explicitly educate, remind, and motivate users to perform healthy behaviors. However, users do not always act according to these explicit digital interventions. Our study investigates whether users’ self-regulation can be implicitly facilitated with a proper mobile interaction design. Specifically, we investigate the impacts of two touch modes that are supported by force-based interaction technology, that is, pressing and tapping. Drawing on the theory of embodied cognition, which suggests that people automatically infer meanings from their bodily actions, we conjecture that pressing, compared with tapping, enhances self-regulation because the action of pressing on the touchscreen embodies resolute approach motivation toward goals. We test our hypotheses in three experiments. The first experiment investigates beverage choices on a mobile app; the second experiment examines goal setting on a fitness app; and the third experiment focuses on personal hygiene learning on a mobile education app. The results from the three experiments show that pressing actions can improve users’ self-regulation in selecting a healthier but less tasty beverage (Study 1), setting higher exercise goals and performing more physical exercise (Study 2), and reducing lapses in maintaining personal hygiene (Study 3). In addition, such effects were more salient among users with a higher level of health knowledge and a promotion-focused health orientation. This study contributes to healthcare IT research by showing that mobile interaction can be leveraged to nudge users toward enhanced self-regulation. History: Alok Gupta, Senior Editor; David (Jingjun) Xu, Associate Editor. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72202172 and 72032006], the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grant HKU 17502921], the University Research Committee of the University of Hong Kong [Grant 201905159007], and the Ministry of Education of Singapore [Grants 2018-T1-002-097 and MOE2017-T2-1-127]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1155. Collapse

Topics: mobile application smartphone mobile system mobile fitness app health information system

Methods: experiment survey parametric test ANOVA data transformation

Theories: cognitive theory