Empowering Users with Narratives: Examining the Efficacy of Narratives for Understanding Data-Oriented Conceptual Models

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Hvalshagen, Merete; Lukyanenko, Roman; Samuel, Binny M.

Abstract: With the ongoing digitalization of human society, regular employees (e.g., nonin ... Expand

Abstract: With the ongoing digitalization of human society, regular employees (e.g., noninformation technology experts) become increasingly autonomous and proactive in using organizational data and information technologies to facilitate data-driven actions and insights. This growing autonomy of regular employees (dubbed here, empowered users) in using information technologies creates new challenges. As most empowered users lack sophisticated information technology skills, they struggle to find and access relevant data, understand their meaning, and extract and adapt them to meet their needs. We propose a powerful way to support empowered users with a combination of conceptual models and narratives. A data narrative is a descriptive and textual representation of one or more aspects of data in a domain that is organized and presented as a connected sequence of sentences in a natural language. We assess the efficacy of narrative representations for conceptual modeling cardinality constraints, which are an essential part of understanding data. We conducted two laboratory experiments and found a positive and strong effect for narratives: cardinality constraints that were described in the narratives were better understood than constraints only represented in the model (i.e., script). This effect was robust across cardinalities, measures, script complexities, and familiarity levels with the conceptual modeling grammar. History: Manju Ahuja, Senior Editor; Choon-Ling Sia, Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1141. Collapse

Topics: data management data literacy database system IT workforce analytical information system

Methods: conceptual modelling experiment entity relationship modeling design science parametric test

Theories: cognitive load theory

Turtles and Ethics: Experiential Learning through Game-making

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Hylving, Lena; Resmini, Andrea; Lindenfalk, Bertil; Gkouskos, Dimitrios; Weberg, Oliver

Abstract: Experiential learning through games is becoming increasingly relevant as games e ... Expand

Abstract: Experiential learning through games is becoming increasingly relevant as games exert an enormous influence on the imaginarium of newer generations. This paper details the use of a game-based learning process focusing on game-making in relation to ethical issues of digitalization for graduate education in digital service innovation. Within the context of a masters education, students from diverse knowledge backgrounds learned about and reflected upon ethical issues related to social media usage by playing, remixing and designing games using the Design Games Framework. This paper illustrates that game-making can enable non-designer students to work with ethical issues. There are good possibilities to explore ethics through designing tabletop games, and having diverse groups of participants can be advantageous. Using a qualitative approach based on observation and interviews, the paper contributes to the body of literature focusing on experiential learning through game-based approaches and to the consolidation of the Design Games Framework. Collapse

Topics: innovation management business process innovation co-located work pandemic logistics management

Methods: qualitative interview participant observation qualitative content analysis design process personal interview

The Role of Cajoling Strategies in Path Creation

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hylving, Lena

Abstract: Carving out new pathways can be challenging, particularly for established organ ... Expand

Abstract: Carving out new pathways can be challenging, particularly for established organizations resistant to change. Although research has identified the important role of peripheral entrepreneurs in path creation, identifying innovative ideas, and for being motivated to change the organization, less is known about what strategies peripheral entrepreneurs apply when moving ideas from the periphery to the center. This study examines how peripheral entrepreneurs, despite limited resources, effectively employed cajoling strategies over a 20-year span to instigate organizational change. Leveraging the rise in digitalization, these peripheral entrepreneurs utilized three distinct digital cajoling strategies: coaxing, enticing, and teasing to transform organizational structures, revamp work processes, and change established design regimes and traditional mindsets. We discuss the consequences of cajoling as it can be used for both good and bad purposes. Collapse

Topics: innovation management research and development organizational change digital innovation user experience

Methods: personal interview participant observation qualitative interview case study

Effective Information Infrastructures for Collaborative Organizing: The Case of Maasai Mara

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Håkonsson, Dorthe Døjbak; Larsen, Erik Reimer; Eskildsen, Jacob Kjær

Abstract: This study focuses on how collaborative organizing is achieved in a natural-reso ... Expand

Abstract: This study focuses on how collaborative organizing is achieved in a natural-resource commons, organized as an actor-oriented structure. In a framed field experiment, teams of Maasai livestock owners played a board game related to sustainable usage and preservation of a commons (in this case, grazing areas). We examine team decisions over time and draw inferences about the difference between two information infrastructures: one that enables learning about the ecosystem and one that enables shared situational awareness. We also examine the effectiveness of these information infrastructures in obtaining sustainable usage and preservation of a commons, finding that participants who are subjected to an information infrastructure that enables shared situational awareness are more effective than those subjected to an information infrastructure that only enables learning about the ecosystem. This, we argue, is because shared situational awareness enables members to address their interdependencies related to both task and knowledge interdependence. In other words, without shared situational awareness, they are less efficient at coordinating their actions, despite sharing collaborative values. Based on our findings, we argue that actor-oriented structures should be designed to include information infrastructures that specifically address members’ interdependencies. Funding: This work was financially supported by the Interacting Minds Centre (IMC). Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1642. Collapse

Topics: information technology infrastructure situational awareness collaborative consumption open source online community

Methods: experiment chi squared test field experiment simulation qualitative interview

Theories: loss aversion

Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Hödl, Tatjana; Myrach, Thomas

Abstract: Content creators generate and upload content on social media platforms. If these ... Expand

Abstract: Content creators generate and upload content on social media platforms. If these platforms have a revenue-sharing policy, content creators earn income from advertising revenue. This income is heavily dependent on the distribution of the content and the resulting view counts. Platform owners may exert algorithmic control that impacts content distribution, advertising income, and, consequently, the behaviour of content creators. The objectives of the platform owners combined with the interests of the content creators may lead to paradoxical tensions between the aims of control and autonomy. The opaque nature of algorithms coupled with the need to be recognised by the algorithm further reinforces this phenomenon. This study follows an interpretive qualitative research approach applying grounded theory methodology. This research uses semi-structured interviews with content creators to develop a theory explaining the tension between control and autonomy on revenue-sharing social media platforms. The study shows that algorithmic control and incentivisation create paradoxical tensions that affect the autonomy of content creators. Content creators attempt to minimise tensions of algorithm versus audience, regularity versus scheduling autonomy, and analytics versus decision-making autonomy in two ways: through self-centred measures such as improving metrics, pre-production, and being a pioneer and extraneous measures involving their own businesses, products, and sponsorships. This study sheds some light on the phenomenon of paradoxical tensions and provides guidance and strategies for content creators and platform owners about proceeding with their relationship. This study’s findings provide platform owners and decision-makers with a deeper understanding of the behaviour of content creators and the hurdles they face in platform work. The findings help them identify challenges, draw conclusions, and implement changes. Collapse

Topics: social media YouTube Twitch advertising management price management

Methods: qualitative interview computational algorithm grounded theory theory development personal interview

The Analogue Disruption of Digitalization – The Local Bases of the Hospitality Industry in a Global Economy

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Högberg, Karin; Wihlborg, Elin; Snis, Ulrika; Svensson, Lars

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, e ... Expand

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, especially those that rely more and more on the ever-evolving platform economy. Third-party platforms have rearranged the market conditions for organisations, especially for service-based organisations such as hotels. The hotel industry faces key problems as they need to have the power to control and augment the value chain supported by an ongoing access to accurate data (such as online customer behavior). We discuss on a conceptual level how such disruptive economic changes appear in the analogue and physical practice, at place in hotel organisations. We explore the practice of analogue disruption as it emerges as struggles and discontinuities that may not bring the expected flow of value to the business. This paper aims to examine how analogue disruptions takes place due to the ongoing digitalization in the hotel sector through the platform economy. We here apply a qualitative analysis with interpretative methodologies, that will open for further knowledge and insights on the analogue disruption of digital transformation. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation business model digital ecosystem big data information system use

Methods: qualitative interview case study field study interpretative method qualitative coding

Designing a User-Metaverse Interface for the Industrial-Metaverse

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hönemann, Kay; Konopka, Björn; Thatcher, Jason B.; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: The Industrial-Metaverse will create interactions between the physical and virt ... Expand

Abstract: The Industrial-Metaverse will create interactions between the physical and virtual worlds to extend operations in the physical industry. This particularity and the demand for increasing immersion in the Metaverse require using XR technologies called User-Metaverse interfaces (UMI). How such a UMI must be designed for the industrial-Metaverse is unknown. This study adopts a design science approach to design a UMI based on social-cognitive theory (SCT). According to SCT, creating user-generated Metaverse content is crucial to the UMI design. It empowers users to generate content through their efforts, leading to higher self-efficacy and user engagement. We formulate two theoretically based design principles and instantiate a software artifact, which we evaluate in a laboratory experiment with 57 participants. Our study shows the importance of belief in success in the design of future UMI. Furthermore, our design principles show significant positive outcome expectations of users in their interaction with the software artifact. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality self efficacy perceived usefulness task productivity digital twin

Methods: design principle design artifact laboratory experiment design science experiment

Theories: social cognitive theory

Designing an Augmented Reality Authoring Tool to Support Complex Tasks. A Design Science Study Using Cognitive Load Theory

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Hönemann, Kay; Konopka, Björn; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Despite the potential of augmented reality (AR) to support and guide complex ind ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the potential of augmented reality (AR) to support and guide complex industrial tasks, the technology is still not broadly applied. One possible reason for this is that the creation of AR content is highly complex and requires programming skills and deep spatial knowledge. AR authoring tools can help address this complexity by enabling non-developers to create self-sufficient AR content. Therefore, this paper proposes a theory-driven design for AR authoring tools that allows non-developers to create self-sufficient AR-based instructions to support complex tasks. Based on ten interviews with experts working with AR authoring tools and a following focus group with eight participants, we propose three design principles for future AR authoring tools in the engineering context. These design principles are instantiated in two prototypes of different richness and evaluated in an experiment with 23 students. Our study shows that the cognitive load is slightly increased when using the extensive AR authoring tool, but it also shows that significantly better results can be achieved with the extensive AR authoring tool. We contribute by providing design principles for AR authoring tools for creating AR-based instructions, which extend the existing AR authoring research in the industrial context. Collapse

Topics: ease of use augmented reality task productivity smart device tablet

Methods: design artifact design principle experiment descriptive statistic design science

Theories: cognitive load theory

Beyond Binary Boundaries – Exploring the Potential of Categorical Variables in Counterfactual Explanations

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Hühn, Philipp; Hofer, Simon

Abstract: The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about signifi ... Expand

Abstract: The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in various industries. However, the opaqueness of AI systems leads to blind trust, distrust, or even avoidance of the systems altogether. Against this background, counterfactual explanation methods generate humanunderstandable explanations of how an AI system arrives at a given output. However, the thorough integration of categorical variables in the generation of counterfactual explanations remains a challenging research problem. In this paper, we investigate by means of a user study how a human-like handling of categorical variables affects users' perception of explanations for a state-of-theart counterfactual explanation approach. The results show that using a humanlike handling of categorical variables leads to the generation of explanations preferred by users. Moreover, we find that the handling of categorical variables affects users' perceptions of the concreteness, coherence, and relevance of the generated counterfactual explanations. Collapse

Topics: explainable artificial intelligence artificial intelligence electronic market

Methods: gradient boosting computational algorithm Student's t-test survey design artifact

Digital Transformation in Automotive: Drivers of Effective Sales Behaviors During Servitization at a German Car Manufacturer

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hüllmann, Joschka; Göritz, Lorena; Hagen, Simon; Beinke, Jan; Thomas, Oliver

Abstract: Manufacturers deem servitization a competitive remedy, facing heightened custom ... Expand

Abstract: Manufacturers deem servitization a competitive remedy, facing heightened customer expectations and competition amidst their digital transformation. Servitization refers to a shift from offering products to offering digital product-service systems. Although previous research inquired about traditional service operations, research into the servitization's digital nature remains nascent and insights addressing the behavioral changes associated with such transformations are lacking. This paper presents an ongoing case study at a German car manufacturer, sharing insights into which organizational and individual factors drive salespeople's behaviors during servitization based on twelve interviews and eleven workshops. The analysis suggests that usage clarity is key to mediating behaviors. Organizational factors driving behaviors include information dissemination, service orientation, and formalization. Individual factors driving behaviors include technology affinity and involvement. The paper contributes to understanding salespeople's behavioral changes during introduction of digital product-service systems. Recommendations on designing personnel training programs to improve the marketing of digital product-service systems are derived. Collapse

Topics: digital service sensemaking digital product organization structure

Methods: qualitative interview case study theory development qualitative coding survey