The Evaluation of Founder Failure and Success by Hiring Firms: A Field Experiment

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Botelho, Tristan L.; Chang, Melody

Abstract: Organizations tout the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Yet, when ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations tout the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Yet, when hiring it remains unclear how they evaluate entrepreneurial human capital—namely, job candidates with founder experience. How hiring firms evaluate this experience—and especially how this evaluation varies by entrepreneurial success and failure—reveals insights into the structures and processes within organizations. Organizations research points to two perspectives related to the evaluation of founder experience: Former founders may be advantaged, due to founder experience signaling high-quality capabilities and human capital, or disadvantaged, due to concerns related to fit and commitment. To identify the dominant class of mechanisms driving the evaluation of founder experience, it is important to consider how these evaluations differ, depending on whether the founder’s venture failed or succeeded. To isolate demand-side mechanisms and hold supply-side factors constant, we conducted a field experiment. We sent applications varying the candidate’s founder experience to 2,400 software engineering positions in the United States at random. We find that former founders received 43% fewer callbacks than nonfounders and that this difference is driven by older hiring firms. Further, this founder penalty is greatest for former successful founders, who received 33% fewer callbacks than former failed founders. Our results highlight that mechanisms related to concerns about fit and commitment, rather than information asymmetry about quality, are most influential when hiring firms evaluate former founders in our context. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1592. Collapse

Topics: IT career human resource management entrepreneurship systems development innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview field experiment theory development experiment experimental design

Theories: lemon market theory

Artificial Intelligence as a Service: Trade-Offs Impacting Service Design and Selection

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Brecker, Kathrin; Lins, Sebastian; Trenz, Manuel; Sunyaev, Ali

Abstract: AI as a Service (AIaaS) is a promising path to leverage AI capabilities from th ... Expand

Abstract: AI as a Service (AIaaS) is a promising path to leverage AI capabilities from the cloud. However, there is no one-size-fits-all service, but heterogenous service options since interdependent AIaaS characteristics require trade-offs. We lack knowledge on these tradeoffs and how they result from conflicting characteristics. Therefore, we interviewed 39 AIaaS providers, customers, and consultants to provide rich descriptions of interdependent characteristics and uncover resulting trade-offs and their consequences. This study contributes to a better understanding of the inner functioning and interplay of AIaaS characteristics and discusses how this complex nature of service offerings impacts providers' design and customers' selection decisions. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence cloud computing ease of use data protection economies of scale

Methods: qualitative interview design artifact constant comparative analysis qualitative coding triangulation

Theories: SERVQUAL core competency theory

How social media disrupts institutions: Exploring the intersection of online disinformation, digital materiality and field-level change

2023 | Information and Organization | Citations: 0

Authors: Davis, Daniel J.; Beck, Tammy E.

Abstract: The diffusion of disinformation via social media has become a pressing societal ... Expand

Abstract: The diffusion of disinformation via social media has become a pressing societal concern for business leaders and policy makers. In recent years, online disinformation has been implicated as a source of field-level institutional change across a variety of societal contexts. To better un­ derstand how online disinformation changes institutional issue fields, we explore how digital materiality affords users opportunities to create and propagate disinformation. We introduce and define three social media material features: modular content, content flow, and manifold network structures. From these digital materiality elements, we articulate three disinformation affordan­ ces: crafting, amplifying, and partitioning. We rely on several vignettes – far-right political conspiracy group, QAnon, anti-vaccination (i.e., anti-Vaxxers), and flat Earth beliefs – to illustrate how social media users exploit digital materiality and enact disinformation affordances. Our theoretical development also contributes to our understanding of how online disinformation disrupts institutional issue fields. In particular, we highlight several potential changes to insti­ tutional issue fields regarding power centralization, subfield structures, and institutional infra­ structure. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research and social media policy. Collapse

Topics: disinformation social media affordance misinformation user experience

Methods: theory development survey mixed method triangulation

Theories: theory of affordance institutional theory

Work (Un)Interrupted: How Non-territorial Space Shapes Worker Control over Social Interaction

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gonsalves, Leroy

Abstract: Organizational research has long emphasized the importance of physical space in ... Expand

Abstract: Organizational research has long emphasized the importance of physical space in structuring opportunities for social interaction among workers. Using 14 months of field research during an office redesign at a large team-based sales company, I find that the adoption of non-territorial space—a change from assigned cubicles to an unassigned mix of spaces—substantially increased worker control over social interaction. Whereas the old territorial space rendered workers constantly accessible to others, the new non-territorial space altered information about workers’ location and availability preferences, enabling new strategies for hiding in the space and signaling availability to others through workspace selection. This led to greater reliance on virtual or asynchronous communication technologies, and less unwanted interruption in the new non-territorial space. The findings identify how the non-territorial dimension of office space affects worker control over social interaction. They also reveal the social practices through which individuals actively use material and symbolic resources in the physical environment to avoid cognitive and temporal costs of unwanted interruption. The study complements dominant structural accounts with a richer theorization of individual agency—while physical spaces certainly structure opportunities for social interaction, they also structure the strategies that individuals can use to actively manage social interaction. Collapse

Topics: remote work IT supported collaboration privacy collaborative work personalization

Methods: survey qualitative interview field study theory development regression analysis method

TO EXPLAIN OR NOT TO EXPLAIN: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF AI-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Haque, Bahalul; Islam, Najmul; Mikalef, Patrick

Abstract: AI-based social media recommendations have great potential to improve user expe ... Expand

Abstract: AI-based social media recommendations have great potential to improve user experience. However, often these recommendations do not match the user interest and create an unpleasant experience. Moreover, the recommendation system being a black box creates comprehensibility and interpretability issues. This paper investigates social media recommendations from an end-user perspective. For the investigation purpose, we conducted a qualitative study with the users of the popular social media platform Facebook. We asked participants about social media content suggestions, comprehensibility, and explainability. Our analysis shows, users mostly require explanation whenever they encounter unfamiliar content and want to be informed about their data privacy and security. Furthermore, the users require concise, non-technical explanations along with the facility of controlled information flow. In addition, we observed that explanations impact the user's perception of transparency, trust, and understandability. Finally, we have outlined some design implications and presented a synthesized framework based on our data analysis. Collapse

Topics: social media Facebook recommender system privacy artificial intelligence

Methods: qualitative interview personal interview survey qualitative content analysis literature study

The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio-technical antecedents and affordances

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Herterich, Matthias M.; Dremel, Christian; Wulf, Jochen; vom Brocke, Jan

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufac ... Expand

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so-called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi-structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance-theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio-technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms. Collapse

Topics: affordance smart device value creation user experience innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding case study focus group personal interview

Theories: theory of affordance stakeholder theory service-dominant logic

GOVERNANCE IN IMPLEMENTING WEAKLY STRUCTURED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kandaurova, Maria; Bumann, Adrian

Abstract: The implementation of information systems (IS) is a complex process that requir ... Expand

Abstract: The implementation of information systems (IS) is a complex process that requires appropriate governance to ensure that the technical capabilities of the new IS align with organizational goals. However, existing literature lacks insight into how this alignment occurs when IS are designed as openended, weakly structured systems that offer generic functions, rather than for a singular purpose. To address this gap, this study examines the implementation of a low-code AI platform in eight large companies and the governance practices they employed to align the system's capabilities with their organizational goals. The findings highlight the importance of balanced governance practices that support and constrain the generative capacity of weakly structured IS, while enabling continuous interdependent development of organizational and technical capabilities throughout implementation. This study contributes to IS literature by responding to calls to examine challenges of implementing weakly structured IS and offering practical recommendations for implementation teams and system vendors. Collapse

Topics: low code development platform information technology capability innovation management systems implementation artificial intelligence

Methods: qualitative interview chatbot personal interview computational algorithm case study

Theories: theory of affordance framing theory

Maneuvering between skepticism and optimism about hyped technologies: Building trust in digital twins

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Korotkova, Nataliia; Benders, Jos; Mikalef, Patrick; Cameron, David

Abstract: IT vendors’ promises are likely to meet sound skepticism from prospective client ... Expand

Abstract: IT vendors’ promises are likely to meet sound skepticism from prospective clients. If a particular technology is in vogue and seen as a “hype,” clients are under pressure to buy the technology while, at the same time, skepticism about its claimed benefits might be reinforced. Finding a balance between optimism and skepticism is essential. In this qualitative case study, we examine how an oil and gas supplier company in Norway deals with different pressures when adopting and subsequently implementing digital twin (DT) technologies. DTs offer the promise of creating a digital representation of the physical assets that can keep production facilities operating efficiently and optimally and, as such, have been heralded as enabling the next frontier of productivity improvements. Our results reveal a set of different pressures promoting the decision to adopt the hyped technology. Yet, when descended to the local context, the hype status of DTs evokes multilevel perception segmentation that hype interpreters maneuver by building trust. Based on this analysis, we propose a framework of trust-building mechanisms that contribute to a more nuanced understanding of adoption of hyped technologies and enable practitioners to deal with hype-induced perception obstacles. Collapse

Topics: digital twin production management technology adoption technology diffusion video conference

Methods: qualitative interview case study longitudinal research single case study synthesis

Theories: technological frames of reference institutional theory

Balancing information privacy and operational utility in healthcare: proposing a privacy impact assessment (PIA) framework

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Parks, Rachida F; Wigand, Rolf T; Benjamin Lowry, Paul

Abstract: One needs to look only at recent data breaches to be reminded of the severe and ... Expand

Abstract: One needs to look only at recent data breaches to be reminded of the severe and far-reaching damage caused by privacy threats. In light of these threats, global healthcare leaders are striving to understand how to protect patient information without the loss of benefits (utility) that results from privacy-preserving mechanisms. Consequently, our study examines the relatively unexplored issue of simultaneously responding to information privacy threats and maintaining utility in a healthcare privacy compliance context. Counterintuitively, we also identify a symbiotic relationship between these two focal and interdependent efforts. We adopt an interpretive qualitative research method leveraging the value-focused thinking (VFT) approach which results in two major contributions: (1) the development of a value-driven framework presented as a means-end objective network providing a list of 16 means objectives and seven key fundamental objectives enabling higher-quality privacy decision making vis-à-vis privacy and utility. Our second and central contribution (2) is a theoretical framework of privacy impact assessment (PIA) emphasising the interplay and balance between making appropriate decisions in responding to information privacy while not hindering healthcare operations. This work provides the foundation for proposing four compelling propositions for future healthcare privacy research. Collapse

Topics: privacy decision making organizational impact health information system usability

Methods: qualitative interview literature study personal interview triangulation theory development

Using Hexad Archetypes to Motivate Students in a Chatbot-enhanced Web-based Training

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Schlimbach, Ricarda; Behne, Jannika; Lange, Tim; Robra-Bissantz, Susanne

Abstract: This study explores the challenge of maintaining motivation in further educatio ... Expand

Abstract: This study explores the challenge of maintaining motivation in further education for working students, who face the double burden of work and learning. To address this issue, we investigate the design and implementation of a pedagogical conversational agent (PCA) within a web-based training (WBT) platform. Drawing on literature, interviews with 11 experts, and a creative workshop with 14 working students, we use the Hexad user type framework to tailor the WBT to each user's motivational archetype. We prioritize design features for each of the six archetypes and instantiate these in a prototype. In a field experiment with 17 working students using the WBT prototype for exam preparation, we observe a significant increase in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This study contributes to the emerging field of PCA-enhanced digital learning, highlighting the potential of personalized motivation in persuasive dialogue systems. Collapse

Topics: online learning system knowledge base usability gamification intrinsic motivation

Methods: design artifact qualitative interview data transformation principal component analysis survey