Disruption and Legitimacy: Big Data in Society

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Ferreira, Carlos; Merendino, Alessandro; Meadows, Maureen

Abstract: The growing availability of data and the emergence of business analytics ecosyst ... Expand

Abstract: The growing availability of data and the emergence of business analytics ecosystems offer possibilities for companies developing innovative business models. However, the disruptive impact of these business models on society is not always judged favourably. This paper explores the growing tensions in the relationship between disruptive Big Data companies and society through the lens of legitimacy – a judgement about the fit and propriety of an entity, such as a company, to society. The study is based on four instrumental cases where Big Data organisations were faced with challenges to their legitimacy. The findings elaborate how digital transformations require companies to understand and manage how much to disrupt and how much to conform to social norms and values. Big Data businesses face a dynamic and paradoxical tension between the potential costs and benefits of their disruptive business models. The topic of legitimacy management is also addressed, drawing out implications for practice. Collapse

Topics: big data business model Airbnb Facebook disruptive innovation

Methods: case study literature sample qualitative content analysis archival research triangulation

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES AND GOVERNANCE STRATEGIES FOR DIGITAL PLATFORM ECOSYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Floetgen, Rob; Winder, Philipp; Fielt, Erwin; Weking, Jörg; Hein, Andreas; Schreieck, Maximilian; Böhm, Markus; Krcmar, Helmut

Abstract: Platform governance can contribute to the overall success of an ecosystem; howe ... Expand

Abstract: Platform governance can contribute to the overall success of an ecosystem; however, what factors influence governance decisions remains to be understood. We propose that platform owners define and implement platform governance following their unique structure of ownership as digital platforms may be owned by a single, or many independent intermediaries. To compare platform governance across the specific ownership structures of incumbents, strategic alliances, and start-ups, this paper employs an embedded multiple-case study with 34 interviews and rich secondary data. Our findings illustrate the governance characteristics of each ownership structure and the influence of internal factors and the surrounding ecosystem on their governance decisions. We discuss governance strategies for each ownership structure regarding cost synergies, co-creation synergies, and growth opportunities. This study highlights the interdependence between platform governance and ownership structure and provides practical guidance for different platform ownership structures to design suitable platform governance strategies. Collapse

Topics: platform governance participatory design digital platform digital ecosystem application programming interface

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology case study multiple case study triangulation

A Guide for Stakeholder Analysis in IS/IT Management and Research: The Case of Broadband Availability in Rural North Carolina

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gebauer, Judith; Modaresnezhad, Minoo; Sibona, Christopher; Matthews, Kevin

Abstract: Stakeholder analysis is a methodology that can provide valuable insights about ... Expand

Abstract: Stakeholder analysis is a methodology that can provide valuable insights about a phenomenon. Information systems and information technology researchers have utilized stakeholder analysis to understand and learn from successes, failures, and other aspects of IS/IT initiatives. In this tutorial, we provide guidelines for conducting a stakeholder analysis currently missing in the IS/IT discipline despite being repeatedly called for. We reviewed studies on stakeholder analysis within IS/IT first, but found that there was not sufficient coverage. Then we went outside the discipline and found relevant studies in the areas of organizational and strategic management and public policy. Our analysis, then, consists of a review and a combination of the findings of studies from within the IS/IT discipline and studies in organizational and strategic management and public policy. Our guidelines start with determining who the stakeholders are related to a phenomenon and what key concerns these stakeholders have about the phenomenon. In the next step, we relate stakeholders to one another and across the key concerns and point out how to identify possible coalitions. Last, we describe how to apply these findings to determine strategies for managing stakeholders or building theory around a phenomenon and its concerns. These final steps can be used to make policy recommendations, provide guidance for IS/IT-related initiatives, or present constructs and relationships that can be tested by future researchers. We demonstrate the applicability of our guidelines with a case study about broadband availability in rural North Carolina. Collapse

Topics: IT project strategic management internet technology project management electronic mail

Methods: theory development case study survey qualitative interview triangulation

IMPACT OF EXPLAINABLE AI ON COGNITIVE LOAD: INSIGHTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Herm, Lukas-Valentin

Abstract: While the emerging research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) ... Expand

Abstract: While the emerging research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) claims to address the lack of explainability in high-performance machine learning models, in practice, XAI targets developers rather than actual end-users. Unsurprisingly, end-users are often unwilling to use XAI-based decision support systems. Similarly, there is limited interdisciplinary research on end-users' behavior during XAI explanations usage, rendering it unknown how explanations may impact cognitive load and further affect end-user performance. Therefore, we conducted an empirical study with 271 prospective physicians, measuring their cognitive load, task performance, and task time for distinct implementationindependent XAI explanation types using a COVID-19 use case. We found that these explanation types strongly influence end-users' cognitive load, task performance, and task time. Further, we contextualized a mental efficiency metric, ranking local XAI explanation types best, to provide recommendations for future applications and implications for sociotechnical XAI research. Collapse

Topics: explainable artificial intelligence task productivity artificial intelligence decision support system shapley additive explanation

Methods: descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test literature study machine learning survey

Theories: theory of abduction

Are Organizations Ready for Metaverse? Identifying Influencing Factors for Initiating Metaverse in the Organizational Context

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Jacquemin, Philippe; Akdag, Merve Turan; Mehler, Maren; Wahl, Nihal; Buxmann, Peter

Abstract: The metaverse is intended to reflect almost all activities of everyday and prof ... Expand

Abstract: The metaverse is intended to reflect almost all activities of everyday and professional life in creating a new experience of social interaction by merging the virtual and real world in an interactive environment. It has the potential to disrupt the way we interact, socialize and work and thus organizations pursue possible application areas. However, there is a lack of research on the organizational readiness factors to ensure a successful initiation. To address this, we conducted 17 expert interviews from different industries. Drawing on the TOE framework, we identified 14 factors and respective propositions for the organizational context. Thereby well-known factors such as top management support were adapted to the requirements of the metaverse, but also new metaverse-specific factors emerged such as standards and interoperability. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality innovation management organizational context business model IT project

Methods: qualitative interview design artifact triangulation personal interview qualitative coding

Theories: theory of everything technology organization environment framework

To regulate or not to regulate: unravelling institutional tussles around the regulation of algorithmic control of digital platforms

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Kokshagina, Olga; Reinecke, Pauline C; Karanasios, Stan

Abstract: Regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content ... Expand

Abstract: Regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content displayed to their users is both a controversial topic and an important societal challenge. Existing research acknowledges institutional tussles around regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content. However, we lack research showing how the development of regulation unfolds. We build on data from a longitudinal discourse analysis of 410 media articles and 483 policy and industry documents to study two cases of algorithmic control regulation in Australia. The first involves algorithmic control for content display, the second for content moderation. We develop a process model of institutional work towards regulation of algorithmic control. It captures the institutional tussles between governments, digital platforms and third parties as each expresses their perspective on legitimate forms of algorithmic control and shapes the process and outcome of regulation. Building on our model, we discuss the dynamics of regulation development in light of the constellation of actors and their power position in the process. We further consider the regulatory outcome and highlight future research questions that build on our findings. Collapse

Topics: digital platform terrorist incident Facebook innovation management database system

Methods: computational algorithm qualitative content analysis literature sample longitudinal research business process modeling

Interorganizational Data Sharing in Health Ecosystems - A Case Sudy

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nienstedt, Jonas; Schulze, Laura; Trenz, Manuel

Abstract: The integration of external data offers enormous potential for new and expanded ... Expand

Abstract: The integration of external data offers enormous potential for new and expanded value propositions for companies. Despite this potential, organizations often hesitate to share data due to the anticipated negative consequences. This study delves into the decision-making process of organizations regarding data sharing within an ecosystem and explores strategies to motivate other organizations to share data. By combining privacy calculus and ecosystems theory, we employ a qualitative case study approach to examine the German orthopedic market. Our findings reveal three risks (weakening one's position in the ecosystem, IT alignment investments, and penalties for data protection violations) and three benefits (increased value creation for the ecosystem, competitive advantage over other ecosystems, and gaining additional transactions) that organizations perceive when contemplating data sharing. Moreover, we identify three strategies for obtaining data from other organizations: mitigating the risks, emphasizing the benefits, and bypassing the calculus. Collapse

Topics: healthcare data value creation competitive advantage legal context General Data Protection Regulation

Methods: qualitative interview case study qualitative coding archival research grounded theory

Theories: privacy calculus theory motivation theory

Investigating information and communication technology-enabled national development as a multi-level social process

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Ramadani, Luthfi; Breidbach, Christoph F.; Kurnia, Sherah

Abstract: Are centralised or decentralised strategies more suitable to address a developin ... Expand

Abstract: Are centralised or decentralised strategies more suitable to address a developing nation's socio-economic challenges through information and communication technology (ICT)? We respond to this long-standing question by conceptualising ICT-enabled national development as a multi-level social process and by drawing on empirical findings from a natural experiment set in the context of health information system projects in Indonesia. Our study demonstrates that successful ICT-enabled national development is not contingent on pursuing one strategy or the other but on how micro-level actors interpret, and subsequently respond to, these strategies and the local changes they trigger. Our findings indicate that centralisation and decentralisation are complementary rather than competing strategies to ICT-enabled national development because, if integrated into a hybrid strategy, decentralisation enables local communities to achieve national development outcomes commonly attributed to centralisation. As such, our work provides empirical evidence, explanations and new theoretical insight into the wider ‘centralisation versus decentralisation’ debate, while also outlining avenues for future research and guidelines for policymakers. Collapse

Topics: laptop computer information technology infrastructure health information system IT skill human resource management

Methods: qualitative interview case study natural experiment field study personal interview

The Vicious Circles of Skill Erosion: A Case Study of Cognitive Automation

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Rinta-Kahila, Tapani; Penttinen, Esko; Salovaara, Antti; Soliman, Wael; Ruissalo, Joona

Abstract: Cognitive automation powered by advanced intelligent technologies is increasing ... Expand

Abstract: Cognitive automation powered by advanced intelligent technologies is increasingly enabling organizations to automate more of their knowledge work tasks. Although this often offers higher efficiency and lower costs, cognitive automation exacerbates the erosion of human skill and expertise in automated tasks. Accepting the erosion of obsolete skills is necessary to reap the benefits of technology-however, the erosion of essential human expertise is problematic if workers remain accountable for tasks for which they lack sufficient understanding, rendering them incapable of responding if the automation fails. Though the phenomenon is widely acknowledged, the dynamics behind such undesired skill erosion are poorly understood. Thus, taking the perspective of sociotechnical systems, we conducted a case study of an accounting firm that had experienced skill erosion over a number of years due to reliance on their software's automated functions. We synthesized our findings using causal loop modeling based on system dynamics. The resulting dynamic model explains skill erosion via an interplay between humans' automation reliance, complacency, and mindful conduction. It shows how increasing reliance on automation fosters complacency at both individual and organizational levels, weakening workers' mindfulness across three work task facets (activity awareness, competence maintenance, and output assessment), resulting in skill erosion. Such skill erosion may remain obscure, acknowledged by neither workers nor managers. We conclude by discussing the implications for theory and practice and identifying directions for future research.Walter Fernandez was the accepting senior editor. This research article was submitted on August 17, 2021 and underwent three revisions.Tapani Rinta-Kahila is a lecturer of business information systems at The University of Queensland Business School. His research focuses on issues around the implementation and management of artificial intelligence systems in organizations, unintended consequences of IT use, and decommissioning of organizational IT systems. Tapani obtained his doctoral degree from Aalto University School of Business in 2018 with an award-winning dissertation. Rinta-Kahila's research has appeared in top IS journals, including MIS Quarterly, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, European Journal of Information Systems, Information & Management, and MIS Quarterly Executive. His work has also informed practice through industry reports co-authored with The SAP Institute for Digital Government.Esko Penttinen is an associate professor (tenured) of information systems at the Aalto University School of Business. Penttinen holds a DSc in information systems science and an MSc in economics from the Helsinki School of Economics. Penttinen's research helps organizations understand the intricacies related to the design and implementation of various forms of artificial intelligence, harnessing its benefits and avoiding the pitfalls. Penttinen is an avid student of the interplay between humans and machines, curious to generate insights on how to coordinate work tasks efficiently between the two. Penttinen's research has also addressed the more traditional information systems topics such as organizational governance issues related to outsourcing and virtual work. Penttinen's main practical expertise lies in the assimilation and economic implications of interorganizational information systems, focusing on application areas such as electronic financial systems, government reporting, and electronic invoicing. Penttinen's research has appeared in leading IS outlets such as MIS Quarterly, Joona Ruissalo is a doctoral researcher in information systems science at the Aalto University School of Business. His research explores how the design, development, and use of cognitive technologies such as robotic process automation and artificial intelligence transform professional knowledge-intensive work. He currently studies these sociotechnical issues in the domain of financial accounting. Collapse

Topics: accounting mindfulness artificial intelligence knowledge work process automation system

Methods: qualitative interview case study applicability check personal interview triangulation

Theories: sociotechnical systems theory socio technical theory

Data is the New Protein: How the Commonwealth of Virginia Built Digital Resilience Muscle and Rebounded from Opioid and COVID Shocks

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 11

Authors: Tremblay, Monica; Kohli, Rajiv; Rivero, Carlos

Abstract: During shocks, residents and businesses rely upon the government to ensure heal ... Expand

Abstract: During shocks, residents and businesses rely upon the government to ensure health, safety, and the continuity of services. The government's ability to respond depends upon how well it utilizes its data resources and builds digital resilience. Yet governments often fail to integrate data from different agencies to respond effectively to shocks. We conceptualize digital resilience as a dynamic capability (DC). Although the DC framework provides a theoretical basis, it is unclear what actions managers can take to build DC. Through process tracing, we examine how the Commonwealth of Virginia (COVA) built DCs and rebounded from two shocks-the opioid crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. COVA managers leveraged statewide data assets, built routines to disseminate data, and reconfigured operational capabilities to build three DCsrelationship building, intelligence creation, and value extraction. Data functioned as the "protein" to build the digital resilience "muscle." We found that the relationship building DC leveraged the operational capabilities of data management, integration, and governance structure to foster data sharing, the intelligence creation DC leveraged analytics, and the value extraction DC converted analytics into cost savings, revenue generation, and new services. Whereas COVA built robust digital resilience by facilitating data sharing, the agencies exploited data assets to develop scalable solutions. Collapse

Topics: covid 19 pandemic digital dashboard analytical information system data management

Methods: qualitative interview theory development case study personal interview triangulation

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory