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How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0
Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction
Boundary Reinforcement in Multisided Platforms: A Configurational Analysis of External Conditions

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 1
Authors: Akinyemi, John Patrick; Jarvenpaa, Sirkka; Ozer, Gorkem Turgut

Abstract: This article contributes to the discussion on the governance dynamics of platfor ... Expand

Abstract: This article contributes to the discussion on the governance dynamics of platform ecosystems. We take a broad perspective to understand how the environment beyond the platform ecosystem (i.e., external conditions) shapes the actions of the platform and its various actors in reinforcing platform boundaries. Prior work explored how external influences, such as societal norms and national and local regulations, influence platform ecosystems, including external competitive pressures. But studies on the broader set of potential influences from external conditions are lacking; in particular, a study of such conditions and their influence across platforms in light of boundary reinforcement is called for. Boundary reinforcement is critical for the identity and legitimacy of a platform and for longer-term platform sustenance. Using a fuzzy-set qualitative configurational analysis (fsQCA) method with input coded from 271 peer-reviewed research articles covering 29 platforms, we offer a model detailing how external conditions influence a platform's boundary reinforcement actions. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: digital ecosystem fuzzy logic Upwork software developer legal information system

Methods: literature sample longitudinal research fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis triangulation

Theories: fuzzy set theory management theory theory of abduction
IMPACT OF EXPLAINABLE AI ON COGNITIVE LOAD: INSIGHTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Herm, Lukas-Valentin

Abstract: While the emerging research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) ... Expand

Abstract: While the emerging research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) claims to address the lack of explainability in high-performance machine learning models, in practice, XAI targets developers rather than actual end-users. Unsurprisingly, end-users are often unwilling to use XAI-based decision support systems. Similarly, there is limited interdisciplinary research on end-users' behavior during XAI explanations usage, rendering it unknown how explanations may impact cognitive load and further affect end-user performance. Therefore, we conducted an empirical study with 271 prospective physicians, measuring their cognitive load, task performance, and task time for distinct implementationindependent XAI explanation types using a COVID-19 use case. We found that these explanation types strongly influence end-users' cognitive load, task performance, and task time. Further, we contextualized a mental efficiency metric, ranking local XAI explanation types best, to provide recommendations for future applications and implications for sociotechnical XAI research. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: explainable artificial intelligence task productivity artificial intelligence decision support system shapley additive explanation

Methods: descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test literature study machine learning survey

Theories: theory of abduction
Informal Legacy and Exporting Among Sub-Saharan African Firms
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Larsen, Marcus M.; Witte, Caroline T.

Abstract: Around the world and especially in areas of widespread poverty, firms start thei ... Expand

Abstract: Around the world and especially in areas of widespread poverty, firms start their operations without registering with relevant authorities (i.e., in the informal economy). We explore whether firms that initiated their operations in the informal economy but later register have a higher propensity to export than firms that register at the time of their foundation. We reason that the experience of having operated informally provides formally registered firms with the advantage of low-cost and flexible exploration but also a domestic legitimacy liability. We suggest that these factors likely contribute to making foreign export markets more attractive after registration. Based on a comprehensive sample of sub-Saharan African firms, we find that, conditional on registration, firms with an informal legacy have a higher propensity to initiate exporting than firms that started their operations formally. We contribute with theoretical and policy-oriented insights on the dynamics of informality and exporting. Funding: The work of M. M. Larsen was supported by the Carlsbergfondet [Grant CF17_0384]. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: financial performance logistics management business model anonymity innovation management

Methods: survey descriptive statistic regression analysis method statistical hypothesis test logistic regression

Theories: theory of abduction transaction cost economics
Toward a campus crisis management system amid the pandemic and beyond
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2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Li, Yaojie; Zhou, Yi; Ge, Linqiang; Chen, Rui; Xiong, Jie

Abstract: This study develops artifact and design principles for a campus-wide crisis mana ... Expand

Abstract: This study develops artifact and design principles for a campus-wide crisis management system amid the COVID19 pandemic and beyond. Drawing upon crisis management literature and the uncertainty reduction theory, we develop a preliminary crisis management system with three fundamental components: dashboard, portal, and forum, geared toward aggregating environmental information, expert knowledge, and stakeholder insights. This immediate, integrated, and interactive campus crisis management system aims to promote organizational learning through knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and utilization while reducing stakeholders’ uncertainty about the crisis. Through comprehensive evaluation, we further synthesize and summarize new design principles for prospective artifacts, including constructing a distributed crisis management network, capitalizing on data mining and knowledge discovery algorithms, and developing the adaptability of the crisis management system in various circumstances. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: emergency management pandemic organization learning digital dashboard usability

Methods: design principle design science design artifact machine learning kernel theory

Theories: uncertainty reduction theory organizational learning theory theory of abduction
Exploring the factors, affordances and constraints outlining the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in public sector organizations
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2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Maragno, Giulia; Tangi, Luca; Gastaldi, Luca; Benedetti, Michele

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is viewed as having great potential for the public ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is viewed as having great potential for the public sector to improve the management of internal activities and the delivery of public services. However, realizing its potential depends on the proper implementation of the technology, which is characterized by unique factors, that afford or constrain its use. What these factors are and how they affect AI implementation is still poorly understood, and scholars call for studies to add empirical evidence to the existing knowledge. This study relies on a case study methodology and, by adopting an abductive approach, applies a double theoretical perspective: the Technology-OrganizationEnvironment (TOE) framework and the Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory (TACT). Drawing on these combined lenses, we develop a conceptual framework that extends previous studies by showing how AI implementation is the result of a combination of contextual factors that are deeply interrelated and, specifically, how AI-related factors bring new affordances and constraints to the application domain. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: artificial intelligence affordance government system video conference open source

Methods: qualitative interview case study theory development chatbot qualitative coding

Theories: theory of everything theory of affordance theory of abduction organizational theory
Social positioning matters: A socialized affordance perspective of mHealth in India
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2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 1
Authors: Pandey, Priyanka; Zheng, Yingqin

Abstract: Existing research on technology affordance rarely considers the role of social s ... Expand

Abstract: Existing research on technology affordance rarely considers the role of social structures in shaping the interaction between human actors and technology. In this paper, we draw upon the concept of social positioning to explore how socialized affordances of technology adoption, as well as their impact in work and social life, are shaped by the social positions that human actors occupy within multiple social structures. We do so by examining the adoption of mHealth devices by community health workers in India. The study generates theoretical implications for research on affordances of technology and social structures by integrating social positioning of actors in the analysis of a digital practice, and enriching IS research by incorporating the broader social arrangements and power relations. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: mobile health affordance tablet user experience usability

Methods: qualitative content analysis qualitative interview design artifact personal interview participant observation

Theories: theory of affordance structuration theory theory of abduction
Keeping Your Maturity Assessment Alive
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2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0
Authors: Stoiber, Christoph; Stöter, Maximilian; Englbrecht, Ludwig; Schönig, Stefan; Häckel, Björn

Abstract: Maturity models are valuable management tools for assessing and managing capabil ... Expand

Abstract: Maturity models are valuable management tools for assessing and managing capabilities and therefore creating a basis for their identification, prioritization, and further development. Numerous maturity assessment methods have been developed to support organizations in applying maturity models. However, these methods are mostly used for unique assessments and only provide a snapshot of the current state of capabilities and their maturity. Certainly, this does not reflect the continuous change of capabilities within dynamic organizational environments. Moreover, the systematic selection of suitable maturity models and the identification of the actions that should be targeted following the maturity assessment require more attention. To fill these research gaps, this study proposes the generally applicable Continuous Maturity Assessment Method (CMAM) that enables comprehensive and continuous maturity assessments. The CMAM comprises five steps that extend and advance existing principles of maturity assessment and can be implemented as an organizational routine. The rigorous development of the CMAM followed basic principles of the design science research methodology, including an evaluation of six organizations in different industry sectors and an extensive industrial case study. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: database system evaluation criteria

Methods: case study survey maturity model qualitative interview personal interview

Theories: theory of abduction
Sociomateriality in Action
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2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0
Authors: Waizenegger, Lena; Schaedlich, Kai; Doolin, Bill

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an enforced ‘big bang’ adoption of working from ... Expand

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an enforced ‘big bang’ adoption of working from home, involving the rapid implementation and diffusion of digital collaboration technologies. This radical shift to enforced working from home led to substantial changes in the practice of work. Using a qualitative research approach and drawing on the interview accounts of 29 knowledge workers required to work from home during the pandemic, the study identified five sociomaterial practices that were significantly disrupted and required reconfiguration of their constitutive social and material elements to renew them. The paper further shows evidence of the ongoing evolution of those sociomaterial practices among the participants, as temporary breakdowns in their performance led to further adjustments and fine-tuning. The study extends the body of knowledge on working from home and provides a fine-grained analysis of specific complexities of sociomaterial practice and change as actors utilize conceptual and contextual sensemaking to perceive and exploit possibilities for action in their unfolding practice of work. Against the backdrop of the increasing adoption of hybrid working in the aftermath of the pandemic, the paper offers four pillars derived from the findings that support the establishment of a conducive working from home environment. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: remote work IT supported collaboration pandemic sensemaking knowledge work

Methods: qualitative interview theory development theoretical contribution personal interview qualitative content analysis

Theories: sociomaterialism theory theory of abduction
Principles to Facilitate Social Inclusion for Design-Oriented Research
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2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Wass, Sofie; Thygesen, Elin; Purao, Sandeep

Abstract: We develop principles that facilitate socially inclusive design-oriented resear ... Expand

Abstract: We develop principles that facilitate socially inclusive design-oriented research with marginalized groups. Building on the recognition that the research process must be informed by theoretical perspectives about social inclusion, our effort begins with an empirical investigation of a multiyear research project that designed several IT-based solutions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. We treat the efforts to design each solution as a "case," capture primary data from multiple sources, and analyze it in light of three facets of social inclusion drawn from prior work: self-determination, belongingness, and social capital. The findings are interpreted to derive five principles for a socially inclusive design-oriented research process: (1) respecting multiperspective problem ownership and integrated solution design, (2) surfacing emic contributions to guide artifact design, (3) leveraging the support network to shape artifact design and refine research conduct, (4) customizing design-evaluate cycles with inclusive practices, and (5) pursuing authenticity in research collaborations. We elaborate each principle with connections to different facets of social inclusion, guidelines suggested by our empirical investigation, and a mapping against contemporary design-oriented research approaches. The five principles suggest key directions to facilitate a socially inclusive design-oriented research process when working with marginalized groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for IS scholars, and pointers for using design-oriented approaches for greater social inclusion of marginalized populations. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of abduction

Topics: social capital participatory design IT career intrinsic motivation anonymity

Methods: design science qualitative interview field study design artifact action design research

Theories: theory of abduction

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Found 62 articles

How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

Boundary Reinforcement in Multisided Platforms: A Configurational Analysis of External Conditions

IMPACT OF EXPLAINABLE AI ON COGNITIVE LOAD: INSIGHTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Informal Legacy and Exporting Among Sub-Saharan African Firms

Toward a campus crisis management system amid the pandemic and beyond

Exploring the factors, affordances and constraints outlining the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in public sector organizations

Social positioning matters: A socialized affordance perspective of mHealth in India

Keeping Your Maturity Assessment Alive

Sociomateriality in Action

Principles to Facilitate Social Inclusion for Design-Oriented Research