To What Extent Can Individualisation in Terms of Different Types of Mode Improve Learning Outcomes and Learner Satisfaction? A Pre-study (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Gonnermann, J.; Brandenburger, B.; Vladova, G.; Gronau, N.

Abstract: With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in ... Expand

Abstract: With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner's priorknowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments. Collapse

Topics: online learning system enterprise information system business process management podcast internet technology

Methods: experiment survey experimental design business process modeling regression analysis method

Managing Uncertainty: An Experiment on Delegation and Team Selection

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Hamman, John R.; Martínez-Carrasco, Miguel A.

Abstract: We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointl ... Expand

Abstract: We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointly to navigate uncertain environments. To do so, we model a managerial decision environment in which a manager both determines the skill heterogeneity of the workers and determines whether to retain or delegate the ability to allocate tasks. Delegation enables better-informed workers to allocate tasks more efficiently when uncertainty is high relative to the incentive conflict between manager and worker. Our novel approach allows us to illustrate that this conflict is endogenously determined by the team selection decision. Experimental data support—although not globally—the direction of our theoretical hypotheses and offer insight into how and why choices deviate from expected behavior. Notably, we identify behavioral characteristics that aid decisions along each dimension. Deliberative thinking improves all decisions under low uncertainty and improves team selection regardless of the level of uncertainty. Risk tolerance improves all decisions in highly uncertain situations and helps managers optimally delegate decision rights in all settings. The results highlight potentially costly ways in which managers seek to simplify their decisions but show how deliberative thinking and risk tolerance can improve performance in a complementary manner.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: The authors thank Florida State University and the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics for financial support.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1545. Collapse

Topics: organization structure environmental uncertainty data quality decision making task interdependence

Methods: experiment regression analysis method logistic regression descriptive statistic parametric test

Theories: organizational theory transaction cost economics agency theory theory of bounded rationality

Learning in Temporary Teams: The Varying Effects of Partner Exposure by Team Member Role

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Kim, Song-Hee; Song, Hummy; Valentine, Melissa A.

Abstract: In many workplaces, temporary teams convene to coordinate complex work, despite ... Expand

Abstract: In many workplaces, temporary teams convene to coordinate complex work, despite team members having not worked together before. Most related research has found consistent performance benefits when members of temporary teams work together multiple times (team familiarity). Recent work in this area broke new conceptual ground by instead exploring the learning and performance benefits that team members gain by being exposed to many new partners (partner exposure). In contrast to that new work that examined partner exposure between team members who are peers, in this paper, we extend this research by developing and testing theory about the performance effects of partner exposure for team members whose roles are differentiated by authority and skill. We use visit-level data from a hospital emergency department and leverage the ad hoc assignment of attendings, nurses, and residents to teams and the round-robin assignment of patients to these teams as our identification strategy. We find a negative performance effect of both nurses’ and resident trainees’ partner exposure to more attendings and of attendings’ and nurses’ exposure to more residents. In contrast, both attendings and residents experience a positive impact on performance from working with more nurses. The respective effects of residents working with more attendings and with more nurses is attenuated on patient cases with more structured workflows. Our results suggest that interactions with team members in decision-executing roles, as opposed to decision-initiating roles, is an important but often unrecognized part of disciplinary training and team learning. Funding: This work was supported by the New Faculty Startup Fund from Seoul National University; Harvard Business School; Stanford Center for Work, Technology, and Organization; and Stanford Center for Designing Organizational Change. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1585. Collapse

Topics: team productivity individual productivity electronic health record missing data task structure

Methods: Poisson regression qualitative interview statistical hypothesis test archival research experiment

Financial Incentives and Professionals’ Work Tasks: The Moderating Effects of Jurisdictional Dominance and Prominence

2020 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Chown, Jillian

Abstract: This research addresses the important question of how organizations can use fina ... Expand

Abstract: This research addresses the important question of how organizations can use financial incentives to influence the work tasks of their professional workforce—a constituency that is notoriously difficult to manage because of their specialized knowledge, considerable autonomy, strong socialization, and powerful professional norms. In particular, I explore how a baseline incentive effect is moderated by two features of professionals’ tasks and jurisdictions: jurisdictional dominance (i.e., how much the profession controls the provision of the task relative to other professions) and jurisdictional prominence (i.e., how commonly provided the task is within a profession relative to other tasks). Using data on thousands of physician tasks from Ontario, Canada, and a difference-in-differences empirical design, I find that professionals’ incentive responses are smaller when a profession has higher jurisdictional dominance over a task, but are larger when the task has higher jurisdictional prominence within the profession. This research contributes to the literature on professions and professionals in multiple ways. First, I introduce the concepts of jurisdictional dominance and jurisdictional prominence, distinguishing them from each other and from existing conceptions of professional control. Second, this study shows that financial incentives can be an effective tool for influencing professionals, but highlights that their efficacy is shaped by a task’s jurisdictional dominance and jurisdictional prominence. Finally, I show that these new conceptions of jurisdictional control influence professionals’ behaviors in meaningful ways and should therefore be considered in future studies of professions. Collapse

Topics: database system health information system anonymity task structure accounting

Methods: longitudinal research difference in differences statistical hypothesis test descriptive statistic robustness check

Predicting the intent of sponsored search users: An exploratory user session-level analysis

2019 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Im, Il; Dunn, Brian Kimball; Lee, Dong Il; Galletta, Dennis F.; Jeong, Seok-Oh

Abstract: Over time, an online user searching for information about an idea or product may ... Expand

Abstract: Over time, an online user searching for information about an idea or product may enter multiple search engine queries, thus creating a keyword search pattern from which the user's intent may be inferred. Such inferences could lead a merchant to alter the messages or provide offers to push the user toward a purchase decision once the user reaches the advertiser's website. Our research seeks to establish the relationship between these patterns as they occur during a user's search session and the user's purchase behavior. To test our hypotheses, we examine a unique dataset from a large Asian travel agency that includes over two million unique search engine queries and clicks as well as the same users' corresponding on-site behavior over a one-year period. We developed a typology for the coding of search queries used in determining the level of specificity and breadth as well as content type for each of the searches. Our analysis provides important findings regarding the relationship between search patterns and behavior. Collapse

Topics: logistics management search engine website search engine marketing problem solving

Methods: regression analysis method machine learning qualitative coding XGBoost computational algorithm

Does Superposition Influence the Success of FLOSS Projects? An Examination of Open-Source Software Development by Organizations and Individuals

2019 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Medappa, Poonacha K.; Srivastava, Shirish C.

Abstract: Collaboration through open superposition describes the dominant work orchestrati ... Expand

Abstract: Collaboration through open superposition describes the dominant work orchestration mechanism observed in free (Libre) and open-source (FLOSS) software, wherein the software development occurs by the sequential layering of individual tasks. This work orchestration mechanism is different from the traditional idea of software development, where the focus is toward cowork and concurrent development facilitated by a modular software design architecture. Our study theorizes and examines the motivational mechanisms that operate within superposed work structures to influence the success of FLOSS projects. We also unearth the contextual conditions that may limit the influence of the superposed nature of work on FLOSS project success. Furthermore, given the increasing use of FLOSS by organizations, we investigate the specificities brought to these motivational mechanisms when FLOSS projects are owned by organizations. The results from our analysis of over 6,500 FLOSS projects hosted on GitHub support a nonlinear relationship between the degree of superposition and the success of the FLOSS project. Moreover, we find that the type of ownership moderates this nonlinear relationship such that (1) organizational ownership mitigates the influence of the degree of superposition on the success of the project and that (2) under organizational ownership, the optimal degree of superposition (the point at which the success of the project is at a maximum) is lower than for individual-owned projects. This research advances our understanding of work structures, motivation, and organizational participation in FLOSS environments by describing the influence of task structures on the success of projects. The study also provides FLOSS practitioners with valuable insights for modeling project task structures to facilitate their success. Collapse

Topics: IT development project Google+ programming language open source software project database system

Methods: regression analysis method survival analysis theory development statistical hypothesis test robustness check

Theories: organizational theory motivation theory

Effects of ESM Usage on Job Performance through Task Structure: The Moderating Role of Team Diversity

2017 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Deng, Manting; Liu, Hefu; Ding, Guanqi; Huang, Qian

Abstract: Enterprise social media (ESM) has been widely adopted by organizations to improv ... Expand

Abstract: Enterprise social media (ESM) has been widely adopted by organizations to improve employees’ job performance. However, the underlying mechanism by which ESM usage enhances job performance remains unclear. To address this gap, we apply information processing theory and propose that ESM usage may affect employees’ task structure, thereby influencing their job performance. Furthermore, we explore the moderating effects of team diversity. By analyzing data collected from employees who use ESM in the workplace, the mediating effects of task structure are supported. Our research also confirms the moderating effects of team diversity on the relationship between ESM usage and task interdependence. This study not only enriches ESM research by providing task structure as a mediating mechanism but also offers practical suggestions to organizations for realizing the value of ESM by considering team diversity. Collapse

Topics: task productivity task interdependence task structure social media decision making

Methods: survey statistical hypothesis test conceptual modelling data transformation theory development

Theories: information processing theory

Does the Task Structure of Open Source Projects Matter? Superposition and Value Creation

2016 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Medappa, Poonacha K; Srivastava, Shirish C

Abstract: Collaboration through open superposition describes a process of building free (l ... Expand

Abstract: Collaboration through open superposition describes a process of building free (libre) and open source software (FLOSS), wherein motivationally independent layers of work is sequentially added one-on-top the other over time. This research-in-progress paper theorizes the mechanisms through which superposition influences the value of individual and organizational owned FLOSS projects. We argue for a non-linear relationship between degree of superposition and value of the FLOSS project. Moreover, we posit that the type of ownership will moderate this non-linear relationship. The moderation effect is such that – (1) organizational ownership mitigates the influence of degree of superposition on project value (2) under organizational ownership, the optimal value of degree of superposition (the point at which the project value is maximum) is lower as compared to individual owned projects. This research attempts to advance the theory of superposition and unearth the influence of task structure on the value of the FLOSS project. The findings provide insights to FLOSS researchers and practitioners as to how they can model the task structure of FLOSS projects to generate maximum value. Collapse

Topics: task structure project management IS discipline

Methods: theory development regression analysis method statistical hypothesis test theoretical contribution archival research

Theories: organizational theory

Capturing the Complexity of Malleable It Use: Adaptive Structuration Theory for Individuals

2016 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 137

Authors: Schmitz, Kurt W.; Teng, James T. C.; Webb, Kimberly J.

Abstract: The article discusses adaptive structuration theory (AST) in relation to individ ... Expand

Abstract: The article discusses adaptive structuration theory (AST) in relation to individual level adaptation behaviors in light of workplace information technology (IT) innovation. Topics include the relation of adaptation behavior to individual performance, research on AST in information systems, and the notion of task adaptation. Collapse

Topics: smartphone self efficacy mobile phone innovation management missing data

Methods: survey partial least squares regression theory development survey design statistical hypothesis test

Theories: structuration theory big five model theory of affordance adaptive structuration theory

Delegation Within Hierarchies: How Information Processing and Knowledge Characteristics Influence the Allocation of Formal and Real Decision Authority

2015 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Dobrajska, Magdalena; Billinger, Stephan; Karim, Samina

Abstract: We investigate trade-offs associated with delegating authority over multiple int ... Expand

Abstract: We investigate trade-offs associated with delegating authority over multiple interrelated decisions in a complex task structure. The empirical setting is a business process of a global Fortune 50 firm. The firm decentralized its organization and redefined decision authority across organizational hierarchies between 2008 and 2011. We employ regression analysis of microlevel data on the allocation of decision authority between formal and real authority, and further on the organization design of 761 decision tasks within a hierarchy. Our findings show how the specialization of decision-relevant knowledge, the matching of required knowledge and managers’ expertise, and information processing intensity affect (a) the occurrence of delegation and, (b) if delegation occurs, how far down the organizational hierarchy authority is delegated. We discuss how these findings complement existing theories on delegation by providing insights into when and how interrelated decisions are delegated across multiple levels of an organizational hierarchy. Collapse

Topics: decision making offshoring information overload onshoring task structure

Methods: regression analysis method qualitative interview statistical hypothesis test robustness check cross sectional research