INNOVATION ON THE VENDOR SIDE - ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF INNOVATION INITIATIVES ON OUTSOURCING PROVIDERS' PERFORMANCE

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Beimborn, Daniel; Mildenberger, Andreas

Abstract: Innovation through outsourcing' describes a firm's strategy to receive innovati ... Expand

Abstract: Innovation through outsourcing' describes a firm's strategy to receive innovation by outsourcing IT or IT-intensive processes to more competent and innovative service providers who, in turn, do not only operate those activities but also improve and innovate for or on behalf of their clients. This strategy has gathered some attention from recent research, though it has mainly examined the client perspective, yet. We contribute to this sub-field of outsourcing research by analyzing vendors' strategies to improve their innovation capability and thus to be more innovative for their clients. Based on a longitudinal dataset of 136 outsourcing vendors, we analyze which innovationenabling initiatives are related to superior firm performance (in terms of revenue growth). We find that particularly employee-involving initiatives are promising: outsourcing vendors that have implemented, e.g., idea/innovation platforms that support employee-driven innovation, receive above-average revenue growth. Collapse

Topics: innovation management outsourcing organizational productivity financial performance absorptive capacity

Methods: regression analysis method statistical hypothesis test longitudinal research Student's t-test linear regression analysis

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory

Human-machine collaboration for feature selection and integration to improve congestive Heart failure risk prediction

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ben-Assuli, Ofir; Heart, Tsipi; Klempfner, Robert; Padman, Rema

Abstract: The issue of harnessing machine learning (ML) algorithms for the prediction of a ... Expand

Abstract: The issue of harnessing machine learning (ML) algorithms for the prediction of adverse medical events is important considering the prevalence of vast repositories of patient-level medical data, and the quest to reduce healthcare costs while elevating the quality of care. Of particular interest is identifying a set of features that can better predict the risk of unplanned readmissions of chronically ill patients within 30 days post discharge, among them patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). While numerous studies have employed ML algorithms to identify sets of significant features, only a handful have compared features extracted by various methods, and even fewer have compared the predictive power of feature sets selected by human experts to those selected by ML. Hence, this research aimed to elicit a comprehensive feature set selected by four ML algorithms and compare its predictive performance to that of a feature set selected by experts. We then evaluated a merged list of the two feature sets, constructing a human-machine collaborative set to predict the likelihood of 30-day unplanned readmission of CHF patients using data on 10,763 CHF patients hospitalized during the years 2010–2017. Our models achieved Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) above 0.8 and an Accuracy of ~0.89, comparable to the best models in the extant literature. Moreover, the Human-Machine Collaborative model significantly outperformed (best AUC 0.836) other human-only selected models as well as the machine-selected set. This study contributes to a better understanding of the power of using ML for patient risk stratification with special attention to the benefits of human-machine collaboration, even when these two entities work separately or in parallel, for improved clinical decision making. Collapse

Topics: healthcare data decision making big data missing data data warehouse

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm XGBoost descriptive statistic random forest classification

Towards a thematic dimensional framework of online fraud: An exploration of fraudulent email attack tactics and intentions

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Bera, Debalina; Ogbanufe, Obi; Kim, Dan J.

Abstract: Despite anti-phishing filters, social engineering-based cyber-attacks still resu ... Expand

Abstract: Despite anti-phishing filters, social engineering-based cyber-attacks still result in billions of dollars lost annually, significant personal identity theft, loss of corporate secrets, and espionage. We review the phishing literature on psychological attacks and design tactics employed for deception by attackers. The result reveals the need to continuously identify tactics embedded in fraudulent email content to understand why users still fall prey to phishing attacks. Using the literature as a backdrop, we identify and conceptualize a thematic dimensional framework of fraudulent phishing attacks. This study uses benchmark datasets of fraudulent email to empirically validate the proposed dimensional framework. Specifically, a combination of machine learning-based content analysis and topic modeling found a majority of the discovered topics were labeled against the proposed di­ mensions. Statistical analysis was employed to provide empirical evidence of the thematic dimensions of fraudulent email attacks. This study thus, not only extends the cybersecurity literature by identifying and vali­ dating eight dimensions that enrich our understanding of phishing and attack identification but stimulates cu­ mulative research endeavors to develop yet more comprehensive dimensional frameworks of phishing email attacks. Collapse

Topics: phishing email phishing electronic mail email spam personalization

Methods: term frequency–inverse document frequency natural language processing topic model discriminant analysis literature study

Whistleblowing and Group Affiliation: The Role of Group Cohesion and the Locus of the Wrongdoer in Reporting Decisions

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Bergemann, Patrick; Aven, Brandy

Abstract: Conventional accounts describe whistleblowing as prosocial behavior, where whist ... Expand

Abstract: Conventional accounts describe whistleblowing as prosocial behavior, where whistleblowers are largely driven by a desire to help or improve their organization. Yet individuals are not only members of their organization; they also belong to internal social groups that affect behavior and influence decision making. In this paper, we focus on these intraorganizational dynamics and theorize two ways in which group affiliations are likely to affect whistleblowing. When an individual observes wrongdoing committed by a person affiliated with the same group, higher group cohesion decreases the likelihood of blowing the whistle because of potential whistleblowers’ greater loyalties toward group members and a desire to protect the reputation of the group. When an individual observes wrongdoing committed by a person not affiliated with the same group, higher group cohesion increases the likelihood of blowing the whistle, as potential whistleblowers feel they have the support of fellow group members, lessening fears of retaliation. Using unique data on actual and hypothetical whistleblowing among U.S. federal employees in 24 departments and agencies coupled with a vignette experiment, we find support for our arguments. By showing how group affiliations inform whistleblowing decisions, we reveal how variation in social structure leads to heterogeneity in responses to wrongdoing. Together, these results reveal tradeoffs in the detection of misconduct and help explain why wrongdoing in organizations may be so difficult to eradicate. Collapse

Topics: anonymity missing data electronic mail

Methods: survey experiment hierarchical linear modeling mixed method theory development

Network Centralization and Collective Adaptability to a Shifting Environment

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 1

Authors: Bernstein, Ethan S.; Shore, Jesse C.; Jang, Alice J.

Abstract: We study the connection between communication network structure and an organizat ... Expand

Abstract: We study the connection between communication network structure and an organization’s collective adaptability to a shifting environment. Research has shown that network centralization—the degree to which communication flows disproportionately through one or more members of the organization rather than being more equally distributed—interferes with collective problem-solving by obstructing the integration of existing ideas, information, and solutions in the network. We hypothesize that the mechanisms responsible for that poor integration of ideas, information, and solutions would nevertheless prove beneficial for problems requiring adaptation to a shifting environment. We conducted a 1,620-subject randomized online laboratory experiment, testing the effect of seven network structures on problem-solving success. To simulate a shifting environment, we designed a murder mystery task and manipulated when each piece of information could be found: early information encouraged an inferior consensus, requiring a collective shift of solution after more information emerged. We find that when the communication network within an organization is more centralized, it achieves the benefits of connectivity (spread of novel better solutions) without the costs (getting stuck on an existing inferior solution). We also find, however, that these benefits of centralization only materialize in networks with two-way flow of information and not when information only flows from the center of the network outward (as can occur in hierarchical structures or digitally mediated communication). We draw on these findings to reconceptualize theory on the impact of centralization—and how it affects conformity pressure (lock-in) and awareness of diverse ideas (learning)—on collective problem-solving that demands adaptation.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from the Division of Research at the Harvard Business School for making this research possible. Collapse

Topics: social influence problem solving internet technology social network debugging

Methods: experiment machine learning simulation Poisson regression logistic regression

Theories: organizational theory

Gender Differences in Responses to Competitive Organization? A Field Experiment on Differences Between STEM and Non-STEM Fields from an Internet-of-Things Platform

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Boudreau, Kevin J.; Kaushik, Nilam

Abstract: Prior research, primarily based on laboratory experiments of children and studen ... Expand

Abstract: Prior research, primarily based on laboratory experiments of children and students, suggests that women might be more averse to competition than are men; women might, instead, be more inclined toward collaboration. Were these findings to generalize to working-age men and women across the workforce, there could be profound implications for organizational design and personnel management. We report on a field experiment in which 97,678 adults from a wide range of fields of training and career stages were invited to join a product development platform. Individuals were randomly assigned to treatments framing the opportunity as either involving competitive or collaborative interactions with other participants. Among those outside of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, we find differences in the willingness of men and women to participate under competition. Thus, patterns in non-STEM fields conform to the usual claims of gender differences. However, among those in STEM fields, we find no statistical gender differences. Results hold under a series of alternative specifications, controls, and stratified analyses of 17 narrowly defined STEM subfields. The results are consistent with sorting into fields on the basis of competitiveness, as suggested by prior research, as well as other explanations we discuss. Overall, heterogeneity among women and heterogeneity among men appear to be at least as important as population-wide gender differences.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: This work was supported by Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation [Grant G00005624].Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1624. Collapse

Topics: new product development mobile system internet of things accounting electronic mail

Methods: experiment Wald test field experiment laboratory experiment theory development

Building an Equilibrium: Rules vs. Principles in Relational Contracts

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gibbons, Robert; Grieder, Manuel; Herz, Holger; Zehnder, Christian

Abstract: Effective collaboration within and between organizations requires efficient adap ... Expand

Abstract: Effective collaboration within and between organizations requires efficient adaptation to unforeseen change. We study how parties build relational contracts that achieve this goal. We focus on the “clarity problem”—whether parties have a shared understanding of the promises they make to each other. Specifically, (a) a buyer and seller play a trading game in several periods; (b) they know their environment will change but do not know how; and (c) before any trading occurs, they can reach a nonbinding agreement about how to play the entire game. We hypothesize that pairs whose initial agreement defines a broad principle rather than a narrow rule are more successful in solving the clarity problem and in achieving efficient adaptation after unforeseen change. In our baseline condition, we indeed observe that pairs who articulate principles achieve significantly higher performance after change occurred. Underlying this correlation, we also find that pairs with principle-based agreements were more likely to both expect and take actions that were consistent with what their agreement prescribed. To investigate a causal link between principle-based agreements and performance, we implement a “nudge” intervention that induces more pairs to articulate principles. The intervention succeeds in coordinating more pairs on efficient quality immediately after the unforeseen change, but it fails to coordinate expectations on price, ultimately leading to conflicts and preventing an increase in long-run performance after the shock. Our results suggest that (1) principle-based agreements may improve organizational performance but (2) high-performing relational contracts may be difficult to build.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School's Program on Innovation in Markets and Organizations.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1503. Collapse

Topics: competitive advantage organizational productivity organizational culture anonymity

Methods: experiment descriptive statistic survey laboratory experiment statistical power analysis

Theories: game theory organizational theory

THE IMPACT OF CEOS’ TECHNOLOGICAL FRAME ON ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY AND THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF DIGITAL BUSINESS CAPABILITIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Glanz, Alena; Greven, Andrea; Brettel, Malte

Abstract: The information systems (IS) literature elaborates on how firms develop organiz ... Expand

Abstract: The information systems (IS) literature elaborates on how firms develop organizational agility based on organizational capabilities to sense and respond to rapidly changing environments. However, the underlying mechanism of how companies and their chief executive officers (CEOs) understand and implement digital technologies to foster organizational agility is lacking. The technological frame concept provides an impetus to explain the process by which CEOs' sensemaking of digital technologies influences organizational agility. Our paper draws on the individual-level perspective of the technological frame concept and proposes a mediating role of digital business capabilities, composed of digital strategy, digital integration, and digital control. Our quantitative research design is based on findings derived from 386 German CEOs and confirms that CEOs' technological frame influences organizational agility through digital business capabilities. Thereby, we expand the concept of the technological frame on the individual level and contribute to the IS literature by revealing the mechanism of how CEOs' sensemaking influences organizational agility. Collapse

Topics: sensemaking information systems strategy information technology capability electronic business systems implementation

Methods: survey partial least squares path modeling descriptive statistic partial least squares regression mediation analysis

Theories: technological frames of reference theory of organizational sensemaking dynamic capabilities theory

Collateral Damage: The Relationship Between High-Salience Events and Variation in Racial Discrimination

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gorbatai, Andreea; Younkin, Peter; Burtch, Gordon

Abstract: To what extent are individual or organizational biases affected by racially sali ... Expand

Abstract: To what extent are individual or organizational biases affected by racially salient events? We propose that acts of discrimination and the individual biases that undergird them are sensitive to high-salience events and will oscillate with the salience of the focal attribute. In short, that the propensity to discriminate reflects both individual and environmental differences, and therefore a given person may become more prone to discriminate in the aftermath of a high-salience event. We test our hypothesis in three online experiments that examine how varying the salience of race affects the evaluation of in-group or out-group founders. We find that respondents evaluate their in-group members more favorably, and out-group members less favorably, when exposed to a high-salience event, which translates into a significant disadvantage for the minority (African American) group. We complement these studies with an assessment of how police shootings affect fundraising outcomes on Kickstarter to confirm the external validity of our findings. Together, these studies indicate that racially salient events depress the quality evaluations and success odds of African American entrepreneurs relative to others. Hence, discrimination levels can be affected by salient yet unrelated events, and such events are consequential for the economic fortunes of individuals belonging to minority and disadvantaged groups.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1527. Collapse

Topics: crowdfunding crowdsourcing website criminality application programming interface

Methods: experiment parametric test statistical hypothesis test survey facial recognition system

Generative AI in Idea Development: The Role of Numeric and Visual Feedback

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gordetzki, Philipp; Blohm, Ivo; Hofstetter, Reto

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence innovation management generative AI human computer interaction human AI collaboration

Methods: experiment statistical hypothesis test experimental group survey experimental design

Theories: media synchronicity theory dual-coding theory