Research Perspectives: The Rise of Human Machines: How Cognitive Computing Systems Challenge Assumptions of User-System Interaction

2020 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schuetz, Sebastian; Venkatesh, Viswanath

Abstract: Cognitive computing systems (CCS) are a new class of computing systems that impl ... Expand

Abstract: Cognitive computing systems (CCS) are a new class of computing systems that implement more human-like cognitive abilities. CCS are not a typical technological advancement but an unprecedented advance toward human-like systems fueled by artificial intelligence. Such systems can adapt to situations, perceive their environments, and interact with humans and other technologies. Due to these properties, CCS are already disrupting established industries, such as retail, insurance, and healthcare. As we make the case in this paper, the increasingly human-like capabilities of CCS challenge five fundamental assumptions that we as IS researchers have held about how users interact with IT artifacts. These assumptions pertain to (1) the direction of the user-artifact relationship, (2) the artifact’s awareness of its environment, (3) functional transparency, (4) reliability, and (5) the user’s awareness of artifact use. We argue that the disruption of these five assumptions limits the applicability of our extant body of knowledge to CCS. Consequently, CCS present a unique opportunity for novel theory development and associated contributions. We argue that IS is well positioned to take this opportunity and present research questions that, if answered, will lead to interesting, influential, and original theories. Collapse

Topics: information system use artificial intelligence database system user success self efficacy

Methods: design artifact machine learning longitudinal research cross sectional research theory development

Use of Online Social Networking Services from a Theoretical Perspective of the Motivation-Participation-Performance Framework

2017 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Salehan, Mohammad; Kim, Dan; Kim, Changsu

Abstract: Social networking services (SNS) are platforms to form and manage personal conne ... Expand

Abstract: Social networking services (SNS) are platforms to form and manage personal connections and create a foundation for human relationships. Intending to identify why, how, and for what outcome users use SNS, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on SNS by analyzing how motivation, participation, and performance are related to each other in the SNS context. Drawing on a theoretical perspective of the motivation-participation-performance framework, we identify four significant why motivations (i.e., vertical social, horizontal social, hedonic, and utilitarian motivations), two main ways (how) of participation (i.e., sharing and collaboration), and two ultimate benefits (for what outcome) of SNS use (i.e., personal and job performance). The analyzed results of empirical data collected from SNS users indicate that the identified motivations significantly influence participation in sharing and collaboration activities on SNS and that SNS participation significantly affects personal and professional/job-related performance. This study contributes to theory by providing a multidimensional view of SNS use, its predictors, and its consequences. Collapse

Topics: task productivity Facebook social network user behavior electronic mail

Methods: survey partial least squares regression post-hoc analysis statistical hypothesis test PLS tool

Theories: performance theory motivation theory

Preventive Adoption of Information Security Behaviors

2013 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Wynn, Donald; Williams, Clay; Karahanna, Elena; Madupalli, Ramana

Abstract: Many tools and safe computing practices are available to information system user ... Expand

Abstract: Many tools and safe computing practices are available to information system users to help them avoid the negative outcomes due to information security threats. Yet many users do not use these tools and practices. We seek to understand the factors influencing organizational users’ adoption of preventive information security behaviors. These behaviors are similar to those which individuals practice to prevent negative health outcomes. A new model incorporating the primary antecedents of users’ intentions related to preventive security, the Preventive Adoption Model (PAM), is presented and tested. PAM is derived from health behavior theories (health belief model, protection motivation theory, and theory of planned behavior) and integrates key constructs specific to the information security context. Results of the study suggest that users’ beliefs regarding the threats and their avoidability, the proposed preventive actions, and their individual capabilities have an impact on their intentions to perform the prescribed behaviors. Collapse

Topics: cybersecurity behavior data security IT security threat self efficacy missing data

Methods: survey partial least squares regression descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test statistical power analysis

Theories: theory of planned behavior protection motivation theory health belief model health behaviour theory

From Space to Place: Predicting Users' Intentions to Return to Virtual Worlds

2011 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 64

Authors: Goel, Lakshmi; Johnson, Norman A.; Junglas, Iris; Ives, Blake

Abstract: Virtual worlds have received considerable attention as platforms for entertainme ... Expand

Abstract: Virtual worlds have received considerable attention as platforms for entertainment, education, and commerce. But organizations are experiencing failures in their early attempts to lure customers, employees, or partners into these worlds. Among the more grievous problems is the inability to attract users back into a virtual environment. In this study, we propose and test a model to predict users' intentions to return to a virtual world. Our model is based on the idea that users intend to return to a virtual world having conceived of it as a "place" in which they have had meaningful experiences. We rely on the interactionist theory of place attachment to explain the links among the constructs of our model. Our model is tested via a lab experiment. We find that users' intentions to return to a virtual world is determined by a state of deep involvement (termed cognitive absorption) that users experience as they perform an activity and tend to lose track of time. In turn, cognitive absorption is determined by users' awareness of whom they interact with and how they interact within a virtual world, what they interact about, and where, in a virtual sense, such interaction occurs. Our work contributes to theory in the following ways: it identifies state predictors of cognitive absorption, it conceives of virtual worlds in such a way as to account for users' experiences through the notion of place, and it explains how the properties of a virtual world contribute to users' awareness. Collapse

Topics: cognitive absorption virtual world Second Life website communication service infrastructure

Methods: survey quasi experiment experiment design theory scale reliability

Theories: theory of place

Selective Status Reporting in Information Systems Projects: A Dyadic-Level Investigation

2009 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Iacovou, Charalambos L.; Thompson, Ronald L.; Smith, H. Jeff

Abstract: This study investigates selective reporting behaviors that are pursued by projec ... Expand

Abstract: This study investigates selective reporting behaviors that are pursued by project managers when communicating the status of their information system initiatives to their executives. To understand the types, motivations, impacts, and antecedents of such behaviors, a message-exchange perspective is adopted and the prior literature on IS project status reporting is reviewed. This study incorporates an empirical investigation that examined the influence of five dyadic factors on selective reporting using a survey of 561 project managers. The findings of the study reveal a positive effect of reporting quality on project performance and indicate that a specific type of selective reporting behavior (optimistic biasing) has a degrading effect on reporting quality. Moreover, the findings show that all five antecedents have a significant influence on the propensity of project managers to report selectively. Specifically, the project executive's power, the project manager's trust in the executive, and the executive's quality of communication impact selective reporting directly; the executive's familiarity with the IS development process and the executive's organizational affiliation vis-à-vis that of the project manager have an indirect influence (it is mediated through other factors). The effects of each of these factors on the two types of selective reporting (optimistic and pessimistic biasing) are examined, and the implications of these findings for both researchers and managers are discussed in this article. Collapse

Topics: IT project systems development project management project productivity IT project management

Methods: survey partial least squares regression data transformation factor analysis survey design

Theories: social exchange theory

How Knowledge Validation Processes Affect Knowledge Contribution

2009 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 65

Authors: Durcikova, Alexandra; Gray, Peter

Abstract: To ensure that knowledge repositories contain high-quality knowledge, knowledge ... Expand

Abstract: To ensure that knowledge repositories contain high-quality knowledge, knowledge management research recommends that contributions to a repository undergo stringent validation processes. To date, however, no research has studied the impact of such processes on contributors' repository-related perceptions or behaviors. To address this gap, we develop a model based on signaling theory and reinforcement theory to explain how individuals' perceptions of three primary validation process characteristics (duration, transparency, and restrictiveness) impact their perceptions of repository knowledge quality and their contribution behaviors. Our empirical results confirm the importance of implementing review processes that are transparent and developmentally oriented as a way of encouraging knowledge contribution. More broadly, this study underscores the need to develop integrated theoretical models that draw from a variety of reference theories when attempting to explain knowledge-related behaviors. Collapse

Topics: knowledge repository data quality knowledge sharing service desk technology adoption

Methods: survey theory development statistical hypothesis test longitudinal research structural equation modeling

Theories: reinforcement theory signaling theory motivation theory