Gamified monetary reward designs: Offering certain versus chance-based rewards

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Adam, Martin; Reinelt, Annika; Roethke, Konstantin

Abstract: To motivate visitors to engage with websites, e-tailers widely employ monetary r ... Expand

Abstract: To motivate visitors to engage with websites, e-tailers widely employ monetary rewards (e.g., vouchers, discounts) in their website designs. With advances in user interface technologies, many e-tailers have started to offer gamified monetary reward designs (MRDs), which require visitors to earn the monetary reward by playing a game, rather than simply claiming the reward. However, little is known about whether and why gamified MRDs engage visitors compared to their non-gamified counterpart. Even less is known about the effectiveness of gamified MRDs when providing certain or chance-based rewards, in that visitors do or do not know what reward they will gain for successfully performing in the game. Drawing on cognitive evaluation theory, we investigate gamified MRDs with certain or chance-based rewards and contrast them to non-gamified MRDs with certain rewards in user registration systems. Our results from a multi-method approach encompassing the complementary features of a randomised field experiment (N = 651) and a randomised online experiment (N = 330) demonstrate differential effects of the three investigated MRDs on user registration. Visitors encountering either type of gamified MRD are more likely to register than those encountering a non-gamified MRD. Moreover, gamified MRDs with chance-based rewards have the highest likelihood of user registrations. We also show that MRDs have distinct indirect effects on user registration via anticipated experiences of competence and sensation. Overall, the paper offers theoretical insights and practical guidance on how and why gamified MRDs are effective for e-tailers. Collapse

Topics: website electronic mail electronic commerce gamification website design

Methods: experiment randomized field experiment survey experimental task mixed method

Theories: cognitive evaluation theory self determination theory

When Does the Pre-entry Experience of New Entrants Improve Their Performance? A Meta-Analytical Investigation of Critical Moderators

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Cao, Zhi; Posen, Hart E.

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positi ... Expand

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positively influences new entrant performance, empirical support is mixed. To address this inconsistency, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings in 272 papers. We draw theoretically on the organizational learning literature to argue that the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship is contingent on the characteristics of pre-entry experience, the environmental context of the new entrant, and the interaction between the two. In particular, we examine the effects of two levels of pre-entry experience (firm and founder), four types of founder-level pre-entry experience (entrepreneurial, managerial, industry, and functional experience), and two types of environments (industry and institutional). The meta-analysis results show a significant and positive correlation between founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance of 0.07. Likewise, the failure rates of spinouts and diversifying entrants are 11% lower than that of start-ups. The moderating analysis results show that the correlation of founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance is lower in knowledge- or technology-intensive (KTI) industries and higher in low-KTI manufacturing and service industries. The correlation is also higher in institutional environments with high power distance and individualism. These findings provide compelling new evidence for the importance of pre-entry experience and advance our understanding of the boundary conditions on the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1589. Collapse

Topics: national culture organization learning entrepreneurship productivity research and development

Methods: descriptive statistic hazard function meta analysis literature sample chi squared test

The (Bounded) Role of Stated-Lived Value Congruence and Authenticity in Employee Evaluations of Organizations

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Deeds Pamphile, Vontrese; Ruttan, Rachel Lise

Abstract: A growing body of research documents that audiences reward organizations perceiv ... Expand

Abstract: A growing body of research documents that audiences reward organizations perceived to be authentic with positive evaluations. In the current work, we adopt a mixed-methods approach—using data collected from Glassdoor.com and two experiments—to establish that perceptions of authenticity are elicited by perceived congruence between an organization’s stated values (i.e., the values it claims to hold) and its lived values (i.e., values members perceive as embodied by the organization), which in turn lead to more positive organizational evaluations. We then explore the conditions under which audiences are less likely to respond favorably to organizational authenticity, finding that the positive effects of stated-lived value congruence on evaluations are attenuated when audiences have a lower preference for stated values. Although scholars have often explored whether and how organizations can successfully make themselves appear authentic to reap rewards, our findings suggest that the perceived authenticity that results from stated-lived value congruence may not prove fruitful unless the audience holds a higher preference for an organization’s stated values.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: This research was supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Award from the Management and Organizations Department at the Kellogg School of Management and by the Michael-Lee Chin Institute for Corporate Citizenship Research Grant from the Rotman School of Management.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1578. Collapse

Topics: innovation management organizational value online review website organizational success

Methods: experiment parametric test product review statistical power analysis two-way ANOVA

Theories: cognitive dissonance theory organizational behavior theory organizational theory psychological theory

The Role of IT Identity and Paradoxes in Explaining Avoidance Strategies

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Finze, Nikola; Hildebrandt, Yannick; Wagner, Heinz-Theo

Abstract: The increasing use of technology in personal and professional environments has ... Expand

Abstract: The increasing use of technology in personal and professional environments has led to the development of an information technology (IT) identity, which describes the extent to which individuals view IT as integral to their sense of self. Further, technology paradoxes describe the contradictory nature of IT, which can lead to behavioral disengagement, causing significant disruptions in enterprise digitization. To better understand the interrelationships of IT identity, technological paradoxes, and user behavior, the study develops a theory-based model to explore the interplay between IT identity and technology paradoxes and their effects on behavioral disengagement. The findings reveal that IT identity mitigates the perception of technology paradoxes and impacts coping behaviors. We contribute to literature by quantifying and validating their effects and suggesting opportunities for future research. That way, practitioners can develop more effective strategies for promoting engagement and addressing disengagement among employees or users. Collapse

Topics: data quality crowdsourcing organizational success information system use

Methods: survey partial least squares regression PLS tool theory development post-hoc analysis

DRIVING TWIN TRANSFORMATION - THE INTERPLAY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSFORMATION

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Graf-Drasch, Valerie; Kauffeld, Leonie; Kempf, Laura; Oberländer, Anna Maria; Teuchert, Antonie

Abstract: Information systems research and practice have certainly realised the relevance ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems research and practice have certainly realised the relevance of digital transformation. At the same time, societal challenges are pushing sustainability transformation to the top of agendas. Today, both transformations are crucial to organisations' development. However, research and practice typically focus on one of the transformations in isolation or prioritise one over the other. An integrated perspective of the potential at both transformations' interface is missing, which accounts for their interplay on an equal level. We call this interplay twin transformation and present a twin transformation model building on a structured literature review. The twin transformation model reflects the mutually reinforcing relationships of digital transformation and sustainability transformation on eight organisational layers. Therewith, we uncover how digital transformation enables sustainability transformation and how sustainability transformation redesigns digital transformation. Our research contributes to descriptive knowledge and forms the basis for further theorising while offering practitioners inspiration to pursue twin transformation. Collapse

Topics: database system societal challenge digital transformation manufacturing information system information exchange

Methods: structured literature research theory development literature sample qualitative coding theoretical contribution

Theories: work systems theory

Do Early Words from New Ventures Predict Fundraising? A Comparative View of Social Media Narratives

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Havakhor, Taha; Golmohammadi, Alireza; Sabherwal, Rajiv; Gauri, Dinesh

Abstract: Online equity markets have significantly changed the dynamics of connecting ang ... Expand

Abstract: Online equity markets have significantly changed the dynamics of connecting angels and individual equity investors to new ventures that seek early-stage capital. However, for those early-stage investors, information pointing to the success of business-to-business (B2B) new ventures (B2BNVs) is scattered and disconnected. This paper focuses on social media narratives (SMNs) as a source of insight for such investors and proposes that predicting a B2BNV's likelihood of success requires a comparative view, i.e., a comparison of its SMNs with those of its competitors and customers. We expect that higher (lower) lingual similarity between the SMNs of an early-stage B2BNV and those of its prospective customers (competitors) predict its success. Using a longitudinal panel of 574 B2BNVs resulting in more than 2,700 venture-round observations, we find that a comparative view of a venture's SMNs can give early-stage investors reliable predictions about the B2BNV's ability to manage its market presence and its success in later stages. Our models show that a comparative view of SMNs increases the accuracy of predicting a B2BNV's later-stage fundraising success by an average of 15%. Furthermore, predictive models can reliably point to a successful market presence in later stages, including the landing of customers, the winning of awards and competitions, the receiving of endorsements, the generating of revenue, and the successful patenting of products. Our study contributes to existing literature that focuses on the business impacts of social media by demonstrating the usefulness of comparative linguistics in social media analytics, i.e., comparing the firm's social media communications to those of its competitors and business customers in the prediction of the entrepreneurial firm's success. Collapse

Topics: Twitter social media social media analytics social capital website

Methods: machine learning chi squared test latent dirichlet allocation robustness check theoretical contribution

Theories: lemon market theory

Social Exchange and the Reciprocity Roller Coaster: Evidence from the Life and Death of Virtual Teams

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 1

Authors: Hergueux, Jérôme; Henry, Emeric; Benkler, Yochai; Algan, Yann

Abstract: Organizations are riddled with cooperation problems, that is, instances in which ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations are riddled with cooperation problems, that is, instances in which workers need to voluntarily exert effort to achieve efficient collective outcomes. To sustain high levels of cooperation, the experimental literature demonstrates the centrality of reciprocal preferences but has also overlooked some of its negative consequences. In this paper, we ran lab-in-the-field experiments in the context of open-source software development teams to provide the first field evidence that highly reciprocating groups are not necessarily more successful in practice. Instead, the relationship between high reciprocity and performance can be more accurately described as U-shaped. Highly reciprocal teams are generally more likely to fail and only outperform other teams conditional on survival. We use the dynamic structure of our data on field contributions to demonstrate the underlying theoretical mechanism. Reciprocal preferences work as a catalyst at the team level: they reinforce the cooperative equilibrium in good times but also make it harder to recover from a negative signal (the project dies). Our results call into question the idea that strong reciprocity can shield organizations from cooperation breakdowns. Instead, cooperation needs to be dynamically managed through relational contracts.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: This research was funded by the consolidator grant agreement [Grant 647870] from the European Research Council, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Yann Algan).Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1515. Collapse

Topics: public good programming language open source virtual teamwork organizational success

Methods: experiment ordinary least square archival research descriptive statistic survey

Digital Innovation Management and Path Dependence: An Integrated Perspective of Manufacturing Incumbents

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Ivanov, Milen; Bernroider, Edward

Abstract: Is digital innovation a big chance or a big threat for physical product-centric ... Expand

Abstract: Is digital innovation a big chance or a big threat for physical product-centric incumbents? Building on the unique characteristics of digital innovation, new market players can break the dominance of incumbents by providing digitally enabled products with distinct characteristics. Therefore, this paper empirically explores the dynamics within incumbents related to digital innovation management. Qualitative methods are used to systematically and inductively gain insights into how digital innovation is considered in the context of incumbents with physical product-driven business models. We use path dependence theory to explain the findings and support theoretical generalization of our results. The study contributes to the literature on digital innovation, how incumbents manage digital innovation under certain circumstances, and the related impacts on their business model. Further, we suggest three stages of digital innovation management in the context of path dependence. Collapse

Topics: innovation management business model new product development digital innovation organizational success

Methods: qualitative interview survey design artifact multiple case study personal interview

Theories: theory of organizational path dependence symbolic interaction theory

Cooperation with Strangers: Spillover of Community Norms

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 1

Authors: Molina, Mario; Nee, Victor; Holm, Hakan

Abstract: Why do leaders of organizations cooperate with players with whom they may never ... Expand

Abstract: Why do leaders of organizations cooperate with players with whom they may never transact again? Such transactions can involve the incentives to exploit the other party because these interactions are not recurrent or embedded in networks. Yet, in a market economy, organizational actors learn to cooperate with strangers; otherwise, they risk closure from new ideas and business opportunities outside of their local community. With a large random sample of CEOs of manufacturing firms in the Yangzi River Delta region of China, we measured social norms using vignettes that describe hypothetical situations illustrating the social mechanisms of norm enforcement in respondents’ local communities. Several years later, in a laboratory-in-the-field experiment, we asked the same participants to play a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game with a complete stranger. Our findings suggest that belief in the reliability of robust norm enforcement is positively associated with a higher probability of cooperation with strangers. To our knowledge, this mixed-method study is the first to explore the relationship between social norms and cooperation with strangers using a large sample of leaders of organizations outside the environment of the laboratory. Finally, to explore the generalizability of our behavioral findings, we experimentally manipulated norm vignettes and study the PD game in online experiments with managers in the Yangzi River Delta region.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: V. Nee gratefully acknowledges funding for research from the John Templeton Foundation (2005-2009 and 2015-2018), and from the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell University. H. Holm thanks the Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation for funding lab-in-the-field behavioral game.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1521. Collapse

Topics: social norm crowdsourcing website organization structure organizational success

Methods: experiment survey logistic regression statistical power analysis simulation

Theories: prisoner's dilemma organizational behavior theory

Strategy for managing project front-end of digital transformation – a case for a multidimensional and creative conceptualization

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Ntakirutimana, Jean-Bosco; Vieru, Dragos; Motaghi, Hamed

Abstract: In any human endeavors, a sound strategy constitutes a key success factor. In th ... Expand

Abstract: In any human endeavors, a sound strategy constitutes a key success factor. In this essay, we discuss the concept of strategy, its manifestation in digital transformation, and a strategy for managing project front-end activities in digital transformation. More precisely, we first highlight the multidimensional nature of strategy, then different strategies found in digital transformation. Finally, we propose a metaphor with a potential to enhance the understanding of strategy for managing project front-end activities in digital transformation through a vivid description of related phenomena. Overall, this essay advances knowledge in Information Systems through a multidimensional and creative conceptualization of strategy. More precisely, we hope to enhance theory for analyzing and theory for design and action in this field. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation usability user interface organizational success IS maturity

Methods: literature study

Theories: ambidexterity theory