Too Tired and in Too Good of a Mood to Worry About Privacy: Explaining the Privacy Paradox Through the Lens of Effort Level in Information Processing

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Alashoor, Tawfiq; Keil, Mark; Smith, H. Jeff; McConnell, Allen R.

Abstract: The confluence of digital transactions, growing cybersecurity threats, and the i ... Expand

Abstract: The confluence of digital transactions, growing cybersecurity threats, and the internet of the future (e.g., web 3.0 and the metaverse) have made information privacy increasingly important to consumers and companies that rely on consumers willingly sharing their personal information. Although information privacy has been of interest to researchers for decades and much has been learned, one thing that perplexes scholars is the privacy paradox, which we define as a mismatch between stated privacy concerns and actual disclosure behaviors. In this paper, we shed light on this phenomenon and show that low-effort information processing triggered by cognitive depletion (Experiment 1), positive mood (Experiment 2), or both (Experiment 3) significantly attenuates the association between stated privacy concerns and disclosure behaviors. These findings do not indicate that individuals do not care about privacy because we find consistent evidence in the three experiments for a significant negative association between stated privacy concerns and disclosure behaviors when individuals have sufficient cognitive capacity (Experiment 1), experience a negative (or neutral) mood (Experiment 2), or have sufficient cognitive capacity coupled with a negative mood state (Experiment 3). Our findings reveal that the paradox is neither an absolute phenomenon nor a myth, but its existence is conditional on contextual factors, including psychological factors related to information processing. We discuss our contribution to privacy theory and provide implications for consumers, companies, and policymakers. History: Alessandro Acquisti, Senior Editor; Idris Adjerid, Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1182. Collapse

Topics: information privacy concern privacy decision making mobile application task productivity

Methods: experiment descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test theory development Student's t-test

Theories: elaboration likelihood model

Microfoundations of Adaptive Search in Complex Tasks: The Role of Cognitive Abilities and Styles

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 1

Authors: Bergenholtz, Carsten; Vuculescu, Oana; Amidi, Ali

Abstract: Problem-solving in complex environments requires a cognitively demanding search ... Expand

Abstract: Problem-solving in complex environments requires a cognitively demanding search for task solutions. Managing this search process presents a major challenge in organizations. We contribute to the literature on this topic by providing new evidence on the cognitive antecedents that shape how individuals search when engaged in complex problem-solving tasks. We present results from three laboratory studies, wherein 335 individuals solved a complex task. In doing so, they generated behavioral data coupled with survey-based measurements of the individuals’ cognitive styles and performance-based tests of their cognitive abilities. Our data analysis contributes to the current literature by documenting systematic heterogeneity in the persistence and distance of search that can be explained by the participants’ level of creativity, attention to detail, and executive functions. We extend the research on the microfoundations of adaptive search by linking cognitive antecedents with a complex search task, widening our insight into what search behavior certain cognitive microfoundations lead to, and showing how managers can more effectively shape organizational search.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1654. Collapse

Topics: decision making logistics management problem solving anonymity competitive advantage

Methods: laboratory experiment survey qualitative interview experimental task generalized linear model

Theories: ambidexterity theory

“Dear CEO and Board”: How Activist Investors’ Confidence in Tone Influences Campaign Success

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Brauer, Matthias; Wiersema, Margarethe; Binder, Philipp

Abstract: Activist hedge funds represent the most potent form of financial activism. Yet w ... Expand

Abstract: Activist hedge funds represent the most potent form of financial activism. Yet we do not fully understand how these activist investors, despite holding only a small stake in target firms, are able to influence management and the board to acquiesce to their demands, especially given the large uncertainty that their demands will improve shareholder value. Building on impression management (IM) theory, we propose that activist investors who express their concerns and demands with high confidence in their letters to target firms are likely to be perceived as knowledgeable and competent by the firm’s other shareholders, thus influencing the response of the firm’s management and board. In support of this theoretical proposition, results of our empirical analysis of 475 U.S. activist campaigns against U.S. companies between 2007 and 2019 suggest that confidence in tone in an activist’s letter, as a form of self-promotion, is positively associated with campaign success. We also observe that the positive association between confidence in tone in activist letters and campaign success is less for activists with greater success in prior campaigns and in campaigns with multiple activists. Our paper contributes to financial activism research by showing that activists’ verbal impression management can serve as an effective influence tactic in their campaigns. Our study also contributes to the emerging research stream on verbal IM by introducing a language attribute, confidence in tone, that has not been studied in management research and is distinct from past constructs examined in verbal IM research. Collapse

Topics: corporate governance strategic management organizational productivity decision making database system

Methods: descriptive statistic qualitative content analysis theory development linguistic analysis regression analysis method

Theories: behavioral theory

Formation and Action of a Learning Community with Collaborative Learning Software

2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Eryilmaz, Evren; Thoms, Brian; Ahmed, Zafor; Lee, Howard

Abstract: This paper explores the formation of a learning community facilitated by custom ... Expand

Abstract: This paper explores the formation of a learning community facilitated by custom collaborative learning software. Drawing on research in group cognition, knowledge building discourse, and learning analytics, we conducted a mixed-methods field study involving an asynchronous online discussion consisting of 259 messages posted by 50 participants. The cluster analysis results provide evidence that the recommender system within the software can support the formation of a learning community with a small peripheral cluster. Regarding knowledge building discourse, we identified the distinct roles of central, intermediate (i.e., middle of three clusters), and peripheral clusters within a learning community. Furthermore, we found that message lexical complexity does not correlate to the stages of knowledge building. Overall, this study contributes to the group cognition theory to deepen our understanding about collaboration to construct new knowledge in online discussions. Moreover, we add a much-needed text mining perspective to the qualitative interaction analysis model. Collapse

Topics: recommender system collaborative filtering pandemic online learning system open source

Methods: qualitative content analysis descriptive statistic sociometry synthesis mixed method

Theories: cognitive theory

FROM EMERGENCY REMOTE ASSESSMENT TO A NEW STATUS QUO? – LESSONS LEARNED FROM ONLINE ASSESSMENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hartmann, Philipp; Hobert, Sebastian

Abstract: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, studying at German universities was traditionally ... Expand

Abstract: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, studying at German universities was traditionally dominated by inclass activities. During the pandemic, technical and organizational foundations were laid not only for teaching but also for exams. With the resumption of in-class events, the question is to what extent online exams will also be used in the future. Here, examiners and educational institutions can learn from the experience during the pandemic to increase the students' intention to participate in online exams in the future. To identify the problems encountered and derive lessons from them, a mixed-method approach was followed. For this purpose, 478 examinees were surveyed over 3 semesters using a quantitative questionnaire, followed by in-depth semi-structured follow-up interviews with 11 students. As a result, 5 recommendations for action could be derived, covering the topics of exam routine and familiarity, problem-solving, cheating, and teaching-examination arrangements. Collapse

Topics: computer based testing pandemic knowledge type knowledge sharing

Methods: survey descriptive statistic personal interview data transformation design principle

Enhancing Citizen Engagement: Experiences from a Virtual Reality Workshop

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Jain, Shubham; Jacobsen, Bjørn; Petersen, Per; Kiss, Gabriel; Petersen, Sobah Abbas

Abstract: In e-Governance, information and communication technologies such as virtual rea ... Expand

Abstract: In e-Governance, information and communication technologies such as virtual reality are used to aid communication between government and citizens, and engage citizens in government policies and strategies. The aim of this study is to explore virtual reality as a tool to engage citizens in social issues such as mobility, climate change and sustainable urban development. A study was conducted in a workshop setting, where virtual reality displays were utilized to engage users. The users rated their experiences on a 7-point Likert scale, and the results indicated that perceived usability, intention to use, enjoyment, and novelty positively influenced citizen engagement. Further, it was revealed that citizen engagement had a positive impact on self-efficacy and citizens' interest in the topics. Our contributions include theoretical and practical implications, along with a preliminary relationship model. Overall, the findings suggest that virtual reality displays have the potential to be an effective tool for engaging citizens. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality climate change usage intention self efficacy perceived ease of use

Methods: survey design descriptive statistic survey experiment multiple regression

Theories: technology acceptance model

The Impact of Bribery Relationships on Firm Growth in Transition Economies

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Jung, Hyun Ju; Lee, Seung-Hyun

Abstract: This study explores how bribery affects firm growth by focusing on the asymmetri ... Expand

Abstract: This study explores how bribery affects firm growth by focusing on the asymmetric dependence of firms on government resources and services. We conceptualize bribery as relationships through which bribery requests require firms to frequently interact with rent-seeking government officials. Through bribery relationships, such officials extort firms beyond the exchange of bribe money for preferential treatment, depriving acquiescing firms of time and effort and thereby imposing hidden costs that could be otherwise used for firm growth. We find that bribery relationships damage firm growth. Firm status such as introducing new products or not affects how rent-seeking government officials check on firms and calculate their extortion schemes in bribery relationships; bribery relationships damage firm growth more significantly for firms without new products. The damage of bribery relationships to firm growth is also contingent on institutional environments. Under pervasive corruption, firms in bribery relationships may increase their acquiescence to the extortion of rent-seeking government officials. In countries with high-quality governance, however, firms can depend on sound regulations and rules of law and government officials experience high moral costs of corruption. Thus, the negative effect of the bribery relationship on firm growth will be strengthened under pervasive corruption and weakened under high-quality governance. Using Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey and World Governance Indicators data for 28 Eastern European countries from 2002–2014, we demonstrate the multifaceted features of the bribery relationship and its interaction with country-level institutional environments. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1575. Collapse

Topics: research and development database system communication service infrastructure missing data telephone

Methods: survey qualitative interview descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test robustness check

Theories: theory of economic growth

Psychological resilience and job satisfaction and the effectiveness of social media marketing employees

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kowal, Jolanta; Szymczonek, Szymon

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: job satisfaction social media social media marketing marketing management individual productivity

Methods: survey literature study descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test

Tackling the Accuracy-Interpretability Trade-off: Interpretable Deep Learning Models for Satellite Image-based Real Estate Appraisal

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kucklick, Jan-Peter; Müller, Oliver

Abstract: Deep learning models fuel many modern decision support systems, because they typ ... Expand

Abstract: Deep learning models fuel many modern decision support systems, because they typically provide high predictive performance. Among other domains, deep learning is used in real-estate appraisal, where it allows extending the analysis from hard facts only (e.g., size, age) to also consider more implicit information about the location or appearance of houses in the form of image data. However, one downside of deep learning models is their intransparent mechanic of decision making, which leads to a trade-off between accuracy and interpretability. This limits their applicability for tasks where a justification of the decision is necessary. Therefore, in this article, we first combine different perspectives on interpretability into a multi-dimensional framework for a socio-technical perspective on explainable artificial intelligence. Second, we measure the performance gains of using multi-view deep learning, which leverages additional image data (satellite images) for real estate appraisal. Third, we propose and test a novel post hoc explainability method called Grad-Ram. This modified version of Grad-Cam mitigates the intransparency of convolutional neural networks for predicting continuous outcome variables. With this, we try to reduce the accuracy-interpretability trade-off of multi-view deep learning models. Our proposed network architecture outperforms traditional hedonic regression models by 34% in terms of MAE. Furthermore, we find that the used satellite images are the second most important predictor after square feet in our model and that the network learns interpretable patterns about the neighborhood structure and density. Collapse

Topics: Bing explainable artificial intelligence shapley additive explanation video conference price management

Methods: principal component analysis data transformation experiment artificial neural network regression analysis method

Theories: game theory

Data as the New Currency - An Empirical Study Using Conjoint Analysis

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Krumay, Barbara; Koch, Stefan

Abstract: Since data and information are becoming important factors in competitiveness in ... Expand

Abstract: Since data and information are becoming important factors in competitiveness in the digital age, organisations tend to have an enormous appetite for data. However, users are becoming increasingly reluctant to provide their data without receiving some benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the extent to which consumers are willing to protect their data by paying for the use of a service with money or with data. This study investigates willingness to pay for an online service by examining both money and data as currency (i.e. the users' privacy costs). Furthermore, this study is an empirical investigation that uses conjoint analysis to determine whether different service types show different preferences and which characteristics are decisive. The findings show that the online service used has an impact on whether people pay with money or their data. Collapse

Topics: privacy online banking social media data protection willingness to pay

Methods: survey conjoint analysis descriptive statistic chi squared test archival research

Theories: privacy calculus theory