D&L: A Natural Language Processing Based Approach for Protecting Sensitive Information from Shoulder Surfing Attacks

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Aldossari, Marran; Zhang, Dongsong

Abstract: Despite the increasing attention and research effort, how to protect sensitive ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increasing attention and research effort, how to protect sensitive information from shoulder surfing attacks is still under studied. Existing methods for protecting sensitive textual content on users' screens from shoulder surfing attacks have various limitations, including ineffectiveness, insufficient protection of sensitive information, low usability, and high cognitive workload. To address those limitations, this paper proposes, develops, and evaluates a new solution called "detection and labeling" (D&L), which uses NLP techniques to automatically detect and label sensitive information in the textual content. The labeled and hidden sensitive information is then read to users through their headphones upon their clicking a label. Evaluation results demonstrate that D&L improves protection, enhances usability, reduces users' cognitive workload, and allows faster browsing speed compared to the baseline methods. Collapse

Topics: electronic mail laptop computer usability privacy perceived ease of use

Methods: survey parametric test experiment Tukey HSD for post poc analysis ANOVA

EXPLORING THREAT-SPECIFIC PRIVACY ASSURANCES IN THE CONTEXT OF CONNECTED VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lechte, Henrik; Menck, Jannes; Stocker, Alexander; Lembcke, Tim-Benjamin; Kolbe, Lutz

Abstract: Connected vehicles enable a wide range of use cases, often facilitated by smart ... Expand

Abstract: Connected vehicles enable a wide range of use cases, often facilitated by smartphone apps and involving extensive processing of driving-related data. Since sensitive information about actual driving behavior or even daily routines can be derived from this data, the issue of privacy arises. We explore the impact of short privacy assurance statements on user perceptions by considering two data-intensive cases, usage-based insurance, and traffic hazard warnings. We conducted two experimental comparisons to investigate whether and how privacy-related perceptions about vehicle data sharing can be altered by different text-based privacy assurances on fictional app store pages. Our results are largely inconclusive, and we found no clear evidence that such short statements can significantly alter privacy concerns and increase download intentions. Furthermore, our results suggest that general and threatspecific privacy assurance statements likely yield no or little benefits to connected vehicle app providers regarding user perceptions. Collapse

Topics: privacy mobile application information privacy concern digital distribution mobile application market

Methods: survey experiment parametric test nonparametric test one-way ANOVA

Theories: protection motivation theory privacy calculus theory

Understanding the Role of Trust in Human-Autonomy Teaming

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: McNeese, Nathan J; Demir, Mustafa; Chiou, Erin; Cooke, Nancy; Yanikian, Giovanni

Abstract: This study aims to better understand trust in humanautonomy teams, finding that ... Expand

Abstract: This study aims to better understand trust in humanautonomy teams, finding that trust is related to team performance. A wizard of oz methodology was used in an experiment to simulate an autonomous agent as a team member in a remotely piloted aircraft system environment. Specific focuses of the study were team performance and team social behaviors (specifically trust) of human-autonomy teams. Results indicate 1) that there are lower levels of trust in the autonomous agent in low performing teams than both medium and high performing teams, 2) there is a loss of trust in the autonomous agent across low, medium, and high performing teams over time, and 3) that in addition to the human team members indicating low levels of trust in the autonomous agent, both low and medium performing teams also indicated lower levels of trust in their human team members. Collapse

Topics: team productivity IT security threat usability human computer interaction situation awareness

Methods: survey multivariate analysis of variance experiment cluster analysis survey design

USER EVALUATION OF SYMBOLS FOR CORE BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING CONCEPTS

2017 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kathrin, Figl

Abstract: Process modeling notations are visual languages that use symbols to represent th ... Expand

Abstract: Process modeling notations are visual languages that use symbols to represent their main concepts. This study investigates the quality of such symbols from users’ perspective. The design of a symbol influences whether it is easy to spot in a model and is correctly associated with the concept it represents. In an empirical study with 188 participants, the normative ratings of process model symbols (for the basic concepts of start, end, task, AND, XOR) were gathered on the dimensions of perceptual popout, semantic transparency, perceptual discriminability, and aesthetics. Overall, the results are consistent with our predictions based on the theoretical analyses of the designs of the symbols. Prior familiarity with process modeling notations led to more clear-cut evaluations of routing symbols (AND, XOR) and a reduced tendency to prefer middle rating options, but it did not affect the evaluations of the other symbols. Standardization organizations and academic developers of notations can use insights from the study to enhance the usability of process modeling notations. Collapse

Topics: electronic mail

Methods: business process modeling modeling language business process model and notation design science unified modeling language

Theories: semiotic theory

Seller reputation or product presentation? An empirical investigation from cue utilization perspective

2016 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 4

Authors: Wang, Qiuzhen; Cui, Xiling; Huang, Liqiang; Dai, Yiling

Abstract: a b s t r a c tThis study examines the interaction effects of two types of cues ... Expand

Abstract: a b s t r a c tThis study examines the interaction effects of two types of cues in different scopes (i.e., seller reputation as a high-scope cue and product presentation as a low-scope cue) on consumer product quality evaluation, under different involvement situations. Drawing on the cue utilization theory and involvement-related literature, we propose that cues used in people's decision making processes are contingent on product involvement. Through the conduction of behavioral experiments with eye-tracking technology, the findings show that, under high-involvement situations, both seller reputation and product presentation significantly and independently influence product quality evaluation while their interaction effect does not. While under low-involvement situations, seller reputation significantly influences the product evaluation and moderates the effect of product presentation on consumer product quality evaluation. The effect of product presentation on product evaluation is weakened by seller reputation. The findings, to some extent, are reinforced by the eye-tracking data through the trace and analysis of fixation count and fixation time. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Collapse

Topics: laptop computer web page website electronic commerce usability

Methods: oculometry experiment parametric test ANOVA Student's t-test

Theories: cue utilization theory

The effect of product review balance and volume on online Shoppers' risk perception and purchase intention

2016 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 10

Authors: Yang, Jing; Sarathy, Rathindra; Lee, JinKyu

Abstract: Online reviews are viewed as an important source of information enabling online ... Expand

Abstract: Online reviews are viewed as an important source of information enabling online shoppers to assess the quality of products/services. An important function of reviews is to reduce the risk and uncertainty that online buyers perceive relating to the product purchase. There are many aspects of reviews that may influence risk perception. This study examines the effect of social consensus in product reviews, represented by review balance and volume, on online shoppers' risk perception, uncertainty, attitude and subsequent purchase intention, using a quasi-experimental design and online questionnaires. Results show that the four proposed risk concerns are good predictors of online shoppers' overall risk in e-commerce; perceived risk is a major determinant of online shoppers' attitude toward purchasing, which in turn determines their purchase intention. However, no significant causal effect between perceived uncertainty and purchase intention was found. Collapse

Topics: online review tablet electronic commerce missing data recommender system

Methods: survey experiment multivariate analysis of variance parametric test ANOVA

An eye-tracking study of website complexity from cognitive load perspective

2014 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Wang, Qiuzhen; Yang, Sa; Liu, Manlu; Cao, Zike; Ma, Qingguo

Abstract: Online shopping is becoming one of the most popular applications on the Internet ... Expand

Abstract: Online shopping is becoming one of the most popular applications on the Internet. Websites are the important interfaces in HCI (Human–Computer Interaction). Website design significantly affects online shopping behavior. This research used eye-tracker to track the eye-movement process for 42 college students when they were surfing websites with different levels of complexity and completing simple and complex tasks respectively. The study examines how website complexity and task complexity jointly affect users' visual attention and behavior due to different cognitive loads. The study fills a research gap by examining this phenomenon from the cognitive load perspective and taking the moderate effect of task complexity into consideration. The results show that task complexity can moderate the effect of website complexity on users' visual attention and behavior. Specifically, when users conducted a simple task, fixation count and task completion time were at the highest level on the website with high complexity, while fixation duration was not significantly different on the websites with different complexity. However, when users conducted a complex task on a website with medium complexity, task completion time, fixation count, and fixation duration were all at their highest level. The load theory of attention was used to provide the explanation for the results. The findings provide guidelines for website managers and designers to maximize users' visual attention. Collapse

Topics: website task complexity electronic commerce website design web page

Methods: oculometry experiment paired t-test ANOVA parametric test

Theories: cognitive attention theory cognitive load theory

The Other Side of Acceptance: Studying the Direct and Indirect Effects of Emotions on Information Technology Use

2010 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 484

Authors: Beaudry, Anne; Pinsonneault, Alain

Abstract: Much ado has been made regarding user acceptance of new information technologies ... Expand

Abstract: Much ado has been made regarding user acceptance of new information technologies. However, research has been primarily based on cognitive models and little attention has been given to emotions. This paper argues that emotions are important drivers of behaviors and examines how emotions experienced early in the implementation of new IT applications relate to IT use. We develop a framework that classifies emotions into four distinct types: challenge, achievement, loss, and deterrence emotions. The direct and indirect relationships between four emotions (excitement, happiness, anger, and anxiety) and IT use were studied through a survey of 249 bank account managers. Our results indicate that excitement was positively related to IT use through task adaptation. Happiness was directly positively related to IT use and, surprisingly, was negatively associated with task adaptation, which is a facilitator of IT use. Anger was not related to IT use directly, but it was positively related to seeking social support, which in turn was positively related to IT use. Finally, anxiety was negatively related to IT use, both directly and indirectly through psychological distancing. Anxiety was also indirectly positively related to IT use through seeking social support, which countered the original negative effect of anxiety. Post hoc ANOVAs were conducted to compare IT usage of different groups of users experiencing similar emotions but relying on different adaptation behaviors. Thepaper shows that emotions felt by users early in the implementation of a new IT have important effects on IT use. As such, the paper provides a complementary perspective to understanding acceptance and antecedents of IT use. By showing the importance and complexity of the relationships between emotions and IT use, the paper calls for more research on the topic. Collapse

Topics: information system use systems implementation perceived ease of use website resource allocation

Methods: survey structural equation modeling post-hoc analysis parametric test ANOVA

Theories: organizational behavior theory appraisal theory

Online customers’ cognitive differences and their impact on the success of recommendation agents

2010 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Wang, Hui-Chih; Doong, Her-Sen

Abstract: RAs (recommendation agents) have become a major way to assist customers make onl ... Expand

Abstract: RAs (recommendation agents) have become a major way to assist customers make online purchase decisions. However, do customers consider an RAs’ advice to be as important as managers expect? Which customers, if any, use RAs more frequently? Although these questions are crucial to Website management, sparse knowledge of the answers was found. Based on 316 randomly selected customers, we empirically demonstrated that customers’ deliberations were not determined by a single cognitive trait, as examined in past IS studies; their decision was more due a function of innovativeness and involvement. More-involved users were found to adopt an RAs’ advice. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed. Collapse

Topics: website information system use participatory design recommender system database system

Methods: survey ANOVA parametric test descriptive statistic data transformation

Users' Perceptions of Benefits and Costs of Personalization

2007 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 8

Authors: Treiblmaier, Horst; Pollach, Irene

Abstract: Companies collect a wealth of personal data about their customers to be able to ... Expand

Abstract: Companies collect a wealth of personal data about their customers to be able to target their promotional messages to customers' interests and demographics. Information technology and the Internet in particular have created new opportunities for data collection, storage and processing. While technology enables companies to address customers directly and therefore to increase sales and customer retention, this form of personalization may infringe upon users' desire for privacy. To examine this trade-off, we first identified benefits and costs of personalization based on the findings of qualitative interviews. Next, we conducted a quantitative survey to assess the risks people perceive for various data types and illustrate how people's general attitudes toward personal data sharing determines their perceptions of benefits and costs of personalization. Collapse

Topics: personalization usability internet technology privacy information privacy concern

Methods: survey archival research qualitative interview principal component analysis data transformation