D&L: A Natural Language Processing Based Approach for Protecting Sensitive Information from Shoulder Surfing Attacks

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Aldossari, Marran; Zhang, Dongsong

Abstract: Despite the increasing attention and research effort, how to protect sensitive ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increasing attention and research effort, how to protect sensitive information from shoulder surfing attacks is still under studied. Existing methods for protecting sensitive textual content on users' screens from shoulder surfing attacks have various limitations, including ineffectiveness, insufficient protection of sensitive information, low usability, and high cognitive workload. To address those limitations, this paper proposes, develops, and evaluates a new solution called "detection and labeling" (D&L), which uses NLP techniques to automatically detect and label sensitive information in the textual content. The labeled and hidden sensitive information is then read to users through their headphones upon their clicking a label. Evaluation results demonstrate that D&L improves protection, enhances usability, reduces users' cognitive workload, and allows faster browsing speed compared to the baseline methods. Collapse

Topics: electronic mail laptop computer usability privacy perceived ease of use

Methods: survey parametric test experiment Tukey HSD for post poc analysis ANOVA

An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Balozian, Puzant; Burns, A.; Leidner, Dorothy

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, s ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, some employees continue to engage in maladaptive responses to security measures (i.e., behaviors other than those recommended, intended, or prescribed). To help shed light on insiders' adaptive and maladaptive responses to IS security measures, we conducted a case study of an organization at the forefront of security policy initiatives. Drawing on the beliefs-actions-outcomes (BAO) model to analyze our case data, we uncover a potentially nonvirtuous cycle consisting of security-related beliefs, actions, and outcomes, which we refer to as an "adversarial dance." Explaining our results, we describe a novel belief framework that identifies four security belief profiles and uncovers an underexplored outcome of IS security: insiders' lived security experiences. We find that individuals' unfavorable lived security experiences produce counterproductive security-related beliefs that, in turn, lead to maladaptive behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors create new potential for security risk, leading to increased organizational security measures to counter them. Thus, the adversarial dance continues, as the new security measures have the potential to reinforce counterproductive security-related beliefs about the importance and risk of IS security and lead to new maladaptive behaviors. To help situate our findings within the current security literature, we integrate the results with prior research based on extant theories. While this paper is not the first to suggest that security measures can elicit maladaptive behaviors, the emergent belief framework and expanded BAO model of IS security constitute an important contribution to the behavioral IS security literature.Puzant Balozian is an assistant professor of computer information systems at James Madison University. His research focus is primarily on the impacts of organizational factors on individual user behaviors in the context of information security and privacy and addressing security policy compliance and violation. Collapse

Topics: IT security IT security defense productivity IT security threat anonymity

Methods: case study qualitative interview personal interview theory development survey

Theories: information systems theory neutralization theory behavioral theory

How have firms transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic? Conceptualization and empirical evidence from Spain

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Benitez, Jose; Castillo, Ana; Ruiz, Laura; Luo, Xin (Robert); Prades, Pedro

Abstract: This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote wo ... Expand

Abstract: This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. After examining archival data on a sample of 100 firms in Spain, we discover three types of IT-enabled remote work firm’s strategies: leader, agile, and survival. Leader companies have a competitive advantage over agile companies, which in turn have a competitive advantage over survival organizations. We find that firm size was crucial to executing remote work firm’s initiatives as a leader or survival. The industry significantly affected the implementation of remote work firm’s initiatives during the three pivotal periods in the telecommunications industry. Collapse

Topics: remote work IT supported collaboration pandemic competitive advantage organizational value

Methods: qualitative content analysis theory development partial least squares path modeling mediation analysis statistical power analysis

Theories: contingency theory resource based view of the firm organizational theory

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Student Assistants in the Classroom: Designing Chatbots to Support Student Success

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Chen, Yu; Jensen, Scott; Albert, Leslie J.; Gupta, Sambhav; Lee, Terri

Abstract: In higher education, low teacher-student ratios can make it difficult for studen ... Expand

Abstract: In higher education, low teacher-student ratios can make it difficult for students to receive immediate and interactive help. Chatbots, increasingly used in various scenarios such as customer service, work productivity, and healthcare, might be one way of helping instructors better meet student needs. However, few empirical studies in the field of Information Systems (IS) have investigated pedagogical chatbot efficacy in higher education and fewer still discuss their potential challenges and drawbacks. In this research we address this gap in the IS literature by exploring the opportunities, challenges, efficacy, and ethical concerns of using chatbots as pedagogical tools in business education. In this two study project, we conducted a chatbot-guided interview with 215 undergraduate students to understand student attitudes regarding the potential benefits and challenges of using chatbots as intelligent student assistants. Our findings revealed the potential for chatbots to help students learn basic content in a responsive, interactive, and confidential way. Findings also provided insights into student learning needs which we then used to design and develop a new, experimental chatbot assistant to teach basic AI concepts to 195 students. Results of this second study suggest chatbots can be engaging and responsive conversational learning tools for teaching basic concepts and for providing educational resources. Herein, we provide the results of both studies and discuss possible promising opportunities and ethical implications of using chatbots to support inclusive learning. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IT career anonymity user experience accounting

Methods: chatbot survey qualitative interview personal interview machine learning

An Innovation Resistance Perspective on Seller Resistance to Digital Device Recycling Platforms

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Chen, Leida; Tang, Zhenya

Abstract: Digital device recycling platforms (DDRP), popularized by the resale commerce (r ... Expand

Abstract: Digital device recycling platforms (DDRP), popularized by the resale commerce (reCommerce) movement, allows users to sell, trade-in, and recycle used digital devices online. Although DDRPs offer new opportunities for commerce and sustainability, challenges exist to usher in their wide adoption. This study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the reasons underlying seller resistance to the DDRP that is grounded in the innovation resistance theory (IRT). The research model of this study is validated using data collected from 307 potential sellers of used digital devices. Collapse

Topics: innovation management privacy word of mouth user resistance green IS

Methods: survey structural equation modeling factor analysis data transformation theoretical contribution

Unveiling the underlying cognitive processes of creative idea generation using mobile collaboration platforms

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Choi, Stephen; Lee, One-Ki Daniel; Suh, Woojong; Lim, Kai Hin

Abstract: This study examines how an individual cognitively generates creative ideas using ... Expand

Abstract: This study examines how an individual cognitively generates creative ideas using mobile collaboration platforms (MCPs). Applying the cognitive creativity perspective and the knowledge of the idiosyncratic capabilities of MCPs, the study proposes a research model that explains MCP-driven creative idea generation mechanisms. The model is validated using a field study where individuals were involved in a group collaboration setting for a cognitively challenging task. The results indicate that the use of an MCP positively supports an individual’s creative idea generation process through cognitive warming-up processes (spontaneity effect) and behavioral autonomy (freedom effect). Collapse

Topics: idea generation mobile application IT supported collaboration social media brainstorming

Methods: field study data transformation survey theory development confirmatory factor analysis

The Concept of Agency in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Dimensions and Degrees

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Dattathrani, Sai; De’, Rahul

Abstract: Human and material agency have been investigated in the IS literature to underst ... Expand

Abstract: Human and material agency have been investigated in the IS literature to understand how technology and humans influence each other. Some framings of agency treat humans and technology symmetrically, some privilege the agency of humans over technology, and others do not attribute agency to either humans or non-humans. We argue that with the new generation of technologies, such as AI, the notion of agency needs to differentiate between the actions of AI from that of traditional information systems and humans. We introduce the dimensions of agency to differentiate agencies while not privileging any actor. We illustrate the application of dimensions by using it as a lens to study the case of a technician using an AI solution for screening patients for early-stage breast cancer. Through the use of the dimensions of agency we illustrate how the influence of AI over human practice, such as screening for early-stage breast cancer, is higher than the influence of traditional technology. We discuss our contribution to the theory of agency and conclude with a discussion on potential practical applications of the framework. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence laptop computer user interface usability knowledge representation

Methods: field study computational algorithm theory development ontological modelling theoretical contribution

Thinking Fast and Thinking Slow: Digital Devices' Effects on Cognitive Reflection

2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Figl, Kathrin; Remus, Ulrich

Abstract: Informed by theoretical perspectives on working memory demands and devices' pote ... Expand

Abstract: Informed by theoretical perspectives on working memory demands and devices' potential to "prime" different types of cognitive processing, this paper investigates whether we tend to think "faster" and more intuitively, with less reflection when we use a smartphone instead of a personal computer (PC) or notebook. Three complementary experimental studies with a total of 823 participants reveal that the results of using such devices surface only when participants can select the smartphone as their preferred device. Controlling for potential confounding variables reveals no evidence of general differences between devices. Our findings caution against overemphasizing the importance of the type of device in thinking slow or fast and establish self-selection bias as an important factor in explaining such differences. This study contributes to clarifying the psychology of smartphone screens and how humans make choices when they are using these devices. Collapse

Topics: smartphone electronic mail social media decision making laptop computer

Methods: survey within subject experiment longitudinal research experiment hierarchical linear modeling

Theories: dual-system theory cognitive theory

Barriers to Removing Barriers of Online Learning

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Gunawardena, Maya; Dhanapala, Kusumi

Abstract: In response to the turmoil and anxiety created by the COVID-19 pandemic, many u ... Expand

Abstract: In response to the turmoil and anxiety created by the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities transitioned to online delivery with limited support and resources. University teachers adapted to the online environment to ensure the effectiveness of students' reaching their outcomes. Using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a framework, this study analysed ethnographic data from two experienced university teacher narratives about their online teaching strategies in two different university settings, in a developed and a developing country. The results showed that teachers used similar strategies based on the affordances provided within the Learning Management Systems (LMS) and by accessing other existing technological tools. However, the results showed inequalities in students' participation due to their financial, economic, and socio-cultural backgrounds. This paper emphasises the need to investigate personalised and inclusive learning for consolidating and accommodating social and geographical barriers to minimise inequalities in students' access to education. Students should not be deprived by the digital and technical divide limiting equal opportunities for learning and development in the so-called 'global village' in the 21 st century and beyond.Maya Gunawardena is currently an assistant professor in teacher education at the faculty of Education, University of Canberra, and she formerly worked as a lecturer and a research fellow at UNSW. She is interested in empowering teachers with the knowledge of ecologies and epistemologies of learning sciences. Her research includes topics such as personalised learning, teacher beliefs and application of their pedagogical content knowledge, learning materials design, scaffolding students' critical thinking, and practice of evidence-based learning. She has extensive experience in teaching in K-12 classrooms and tertiary institutes in Australia and Sri Lanka.Kusumi Vasantha Dhanapala is a professor in English Language Education at the Department of Languages, Sri Palee Campus of the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. She has published in the fields of applied linguistics, blended learning, reading comprehension, English language education, motivation and learning, , and adopting technology in language education. She has a wide range of experience in teaching and education research in a diverse context such as Japan, Sri Lanka, and Cambodia. She worked as a post-doctoral research fellow in Japan for two years, engaging in research on teaching reading skills for tertiary learners. Her current research project is on modelling motivation in blended learning environments. Collapse

Topics: online learning system digital literacy laptop computer internet technology affordance

Methods: survey action research

Webcam Eye Tracking for Desktop and Mobile Devices: A Systematic Review

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Heck, Melanie; Becker, Christian; Deutscher, Viola

Abstract: Building the Internet of Behaviors (IOB) obviously requires capturing human beha ... Expand

Abstract: Building the Internet of Behaviors (IOB) obviously requires capturing human behavior. Sensor input from eye tracking has been widely used for profiling in market research, adaptive user interfaces, and other smart systems, but requires dedicated hardware. The wide spread of webcams in consumer devices like phones, tablets, notebooks, and smart TVs has fostered eye tracking with commodity cameras. In this paper, we present a systematic review across the IEEE and ACM databases -- complemented by snowballing and input from eye tracking experts at CHI 2021 -- to list and characterize publicly available webcam eye trackers that estimate the point-of-regard on devices with no additional hardware. Information from articles was supplemented by searching author websites and code repositories, and contacting authors. 16 eye trackers were found that can be used. The restrictions regarding license terms and technical performance are presented, enabling developers to choose an appropriate software for their IoB application. Collapse

Topics: tablet source code database system desktop computer website

Methods: oculometry literature sample structured literature research meta analysis synthesis