How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Institutional Work for Enterprise Architecture

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ajer, Anne Kristin; Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni

Abstract: Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systematic approach used for designing and im ... Expand

Abstract: Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systematic approach used for designing and implementing changes in technological systems and processes to improve organizational performance and align technology with business. This paper unpacks the process through which EA moves from strategic-level endorsement to diffusion across organizations. The insights provided are based on a longitudinal case study within the Norwegian hospital sector. An institutional work lens is adopted to analyze the purposeful activities carried out to introduce EA in Norwegian hospitals providing a granular view on diffusion. The paper provides a rich description of the institutional work employed by the key actors involved mapping them to different turns in EA's trajectory. Drawing from this analysis, we contribute to Information Systems literature with a conceptual model that illustrates how institutional work can mitigate the challenges of moving from the strategic-level endorsement of novelty to its diffusion and institutionalization smoothing downturns along the way. The findings indicate ways to facilitate the introduction of EA within complex organizations, providing insights for practitioners involved in EA initiatives, and advancing extant EA research through an institutional perspective. Collapse

Topics: digital innovation information systems strategy website innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview conceptual modelling field study case study longitudinal case study

WHAT IS THE BETTER NUMBER? INTERPRETING EVALUATIVE INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION FROM A POWER DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Alsaedi, Basmah; Newell, Sue; Gkeredakis, Emmanouil

Abstract: Intelligent technologies are increasingly used to evaluate and monitor performa ... Expand

Abstract: Intelligent technologies are increasingly used to evaluate and monitor performance through implementing specific metrics such as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Recently, scholars have called to better engage with intelligent technologies specific features and their production process, which otherwise remain black-boxed. We aim at developing greater insights into how practices enacted by different end-user's shape and reshape the production of KPIs in technological change initiatives. This research employs a critical, process oriented and performative view of power to emphasise both its negative and productive effects. We highlight the pursuing (push)-withdrawing (pull) dynamics which lie in iterative and recursive acts of power and resistance involving a range of actors who collectively, albeit inadvertently and differently, change the meanings technological outcomes perform. Finally, we show that technologies that might initially seem to fail can 'take off' through persistent and positive power effects. Collapse

Topics: technological change systems development organizational change decision making business intelligence

Methods: qualitative interview single case study triangulation field study personal interview

City 5.0: Citizen involvement in the design of future cities

2023 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Becker, Jörg; Chasin, Friedrich; Rosemann, Michael; Beverungen, Daniel; Priefer, Jennifer; Brocke, Jan vom; Matzner, Martin; del Rio Ortega, Adela; Resinas, Manuel; Santoro, Flavia; Song, Minseok; Park, Kangah; Di Ciccio, Claudio

Abstract: A citizen-centric view is key to channeling technological affordances into the d ... Expand

Abstract: A citizen-centric view is key to channeling technological affordances into the development of future cities in which improvements are made with the quality of citizens’ life in mind. This paper proposes City 5.0 as a new citizen-centric design paradigm for future cities, in which cities can be seen as markets connecting service providers with citizens as consumers. City 5.0 is dedicated to eliminating restrictions that citizens face when utilizing city services. Our design paradigm focuses on smart consumption and extends the technology-centric concept of smart city with a stronger view on citizens’ roadblocks to service usage. Through a series of design workshops, we conceptualized the City 5.0 paradigm and formalized it in a semi-formal model. The applicability of the model is demonstrated using the case of a telemedical service offered by a Spanish public healthcare service provider. The usefulness of the model is validated by qualitative interviews with public organizations involved in the development of technology-based city solutions. Our contribution lies in the advancement of citizen-centric analysis and the development of city solutions for both academic and professional communities. Collapse

Topics: public good smart city innovation management database system business model

Methods: qualitative interview conceptual modelling entity relationship modeling personal interview design artifact

Algorithmic Transparency: Concepts, Antecedents, and Consequences – A Review and Research Framework

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bitzer, Tobias; Wiener, Martin; Cram, W. Alec

Abstract: The widespread and growing use of algorithm-enabled technologies across many as ... Expand

Abstract: The widespread and growing use of algorithm-enabled technologies across many aspects of public and private life is increasingly sparking concerns about the lack of transparency regarding the inner workings of algorithms. This has led to calls for (more) algorithmic transparency (AT), which refers to the disclosure of information about algorithms to enable understanding, critical review, and adjustment. To set the stage for future research on AT, our study draws on previous work to provide a more nuanced conceptualization of AT, including the explicit distinction between AT as action and AT as perception. On this conceptual basis, we set forth to conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on AT antecedents and consequences. Subsequently, we develop an integrative framework to organize the existing literature and guide future work. Our framework consists of seven central relationships: (1) AT as action versus AT as perception; factors (2) triggering and (3) shaping AT as action; (4) factors shaping AT as perception; as well as AT as perception leading to (5) rational-cognitive and (6) affective-emotional responses, and to (7) (un-)intended behavioral effects. Building on the review insights, we identify and discuss notable research gaps and inconsistencies, along with resulting opportunities for future research. review of the literature on AT. Not only has such an endeavor, to our knowledge, not yet been undertaken; but more importantly, we expect that such a review will reveal critical research gaps and inconsistencies and inform future research in the area. In particular, we aim to extend past work and contribute to the extant body of knowledge by (1) strengthening the conceptual foundations of AT; (2) reviewing the AT literature in a systematic manner; and (3) deriving a research framework. In doing so, our study offers a more nuanced conceptualization of AT, including the explicit distinction between AT as action and AT as perception, and delineates AT from related concepts. Moreover, following established guidelines (e.g., vom Brocke et al., 2015;Okoli & Schabram, 2010;Paré et al., 2015;Webster & Watson, 2002) and drawing on a review sample of 50 studies (published between 2002 and 2021), our study offers a comprehensive review and synthesis of prior research on the antecedents and consequences of AT. Finally, we propose an integrative framework to organize existing and guide future work. Collapse

Topics: database system algorithmic transparency artificial intelligence website digital service

Methods: computational algorithm literature study synthesis mixed method archival research

“I NEED HELP – NOW!”: THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT IN THE PROCESS OF IS USE COPING

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Blass, Marlene; Hörold, Felix; Schoch, Manfred

Abstract: IS research has identified technical support as an important organizational mea ... Expand

Abstract: IS research has identified technical support as an important organizational measure that increases user satisfaction and may reduce technostress. Yet, the effectiveness of such offers is dependent on whether and how users utilize them. Research has shown that there are manifold different coping sequences that users take after discrepant IT events. However, insights on the intersection between technical support and the user's own coping sequences are missing so far. To address this gap, we conduct a qualitative interview study with 31 users of technical support in a German service organization. We develop a process model that explains the coping sequences taken by users after experiencing a discrepant IT event and identify factors that influence how and why they contact technical support. Thus, we provide insights on the effective utilization of technical support and derive measures on how to best support employees in their coping efforts. Collapse

Topics: system support technostress information system use service desk database system

Methods: qualitative interview business process modeling qualitative content analysis personal interview modeling language

Freelisting: A Research Guide for Information Systems Researchers

2023 | ACM SIGMIS Database | Citations: 0

Authors: Califf, Christopher B.; Stumpf, T. S.

Abstract: Freelisting is a widely used ethnographic data elicitation and analysis techniqu ... Expand

Abstract: Freelisting is a widely used ethnographic data elicitation and analysis technique that can help researchers quickly and systematically collect and quantify qualitative cultural data. The paper discusses the value of freelisting for IS researchers who conduct qualitative and/or quantitative research. Specifically, the paper provides an overview of freelisting; examines how prior research has used freelisting; gives step-by-step instructions about how to collect, analyze, and present freelist data; and describes the benefits of freelisting in the context of IS research. The following items are explained in detail: (1) how to understand when freelisting can be an appropriate choice; (2) the different types of freelists; (3) how to focus freelists on a specific phenomenon; (4) how to analyze freelists; and (5) how to triangulate freelist data. Additionally, the paper details seven ways IS researchers can benefit from using freelisting: (1) creating culturally salient surveys; (2) revisiting or generating new field-specific theories; (3) enhancing a mixed-method research design; (4) uncovering information about cultural similarities and differences in intracultural and cross-cultural research designs; (5) consciously considering the importance of context; (6) developing more robust quantitative analysis techniques; and (7) eliciting culturally relevant data about development or refinement of technology in applied settings. Collapse

Topics: technology adoption cross cultural research

Methods: ethnography survey participant observation computational algorithm qualitative interview

The multiplexity of diagrams and prototypes in requirements development

2023 | Information and Organization | Citations: 0

Authors: Ciriello, Raffaele Fabio; Richter, Alexander; Schwabe, Gerhard; Mathiassen, Lars

Abstract: Information systems development (ISD) requires dynamic and flexible ways of wor ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems development (ISD) requires dynamic and flexible ways of working, particularly when developing requirements in collaboration with customers. Although prior research has acknowledged the importance of objects to support ISD practices, there has been a lack of frameworks to help discern the multiple overlapping roles objects play to support requirements development in a variety of ways throughout an ISD project. This paper explores and theorizes this phenomenon by leveraging multiplexity as a theoretical lens to analyze an extensive qualitative data set from a case study at a Swiss multinational banking software provider. Results show how diagrams and prototypes both play the roles of epistemic, activity, boundary, and infrastructure objects as a reflection of how they are used in requirements development. Our analysis articulates how two classical requirements specifications play multiple overlapping roles to support dynamic and flexible ISD practices. Based on these findings, we advance a framework for discerning the multiplex role of objects in practice * Corresponding author. Collapse

Topics: banking sytem intranet software developer innovation management systems design

Methods: design artifact qualitative interview case study qualitative coding field study

Theories: boundary objects theory general systems theory

The Design of Social Inclusion Interventions: A Paradox Approach

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Curto-Millet, Daniel; Cañibano, Almudena

Abstract: Are social inclusion and social exclusion opposed? Through a three-year ethnogr ... Expand

Abstract: Are social inclusion and social exclusion opposed? Through a three-year ethnography of an open source civic crowdsourcing platform aiming for generalized social inclusion, we show they are not. We argue that social inclusion and exclusion have a paradoxical relationship: ongoing tensions exist between them, and information systems shape those tensions. We find that design choices have crucial influence over the capacity of information system interventions to include and exclude and propose a framework for designing IS-based social inclusion interventions. The framework encompasses four types of strategies (positive discrimination, integrative oscillation, equitability and iterative inclusivity) for managing the paradoxical link between inclusion and exclusion through IS design. We also present the notion of "collectives" as a new way of thinking about exclusion criteria. Collapse

Topics: systems design crowdsourcing mobile application software developer open source

Methods: qualitative coding qualitative interview ethnography personal interview longitudinal research

Theories: sociomaterialism theory

Managing historical conditions in information systems strategizing: An imprinting perspective

2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Dias, Malshika; Pan, Shan L.; Tim, Yenni; Land, Lesley

Abstract: Information systems (IS) strategizing is particularly challenging for establishe ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems (IS) strategizing is particularly challenging for established organizations because of their historical conditions. The question of how established organizations can effec­ tively manage their historical conditions in IS strategizing remains under-explored. To address this question, we conducted a case study tracing the history (1960–2020) of an established or­ ganization in the building and construction industry. Through the analysis, we found four sys­ tems: accounting management system, business communication system, knowledge management system, and community collaboration system, as the historical conditions that formed an IS imprint, which was later managed and reproduced during IS strategizing. Using the imprinting lens, we developed an understanding of: (1) the formation of the IS imprint at the organizational foundation; and (2) the reproduction of the IS imprint, considering imprint-as-resource and imprint-as-constraint during IS strategizing. We contribute to the literature by providing an un­ derstanding of how historical conditions inform IS strategizing in the long term and by applying the imprinting lens to uncover the process through which an IS imprint is strategically managed and reproduced beyond the founding phase. The insights developed from this study are trans­ ferable to similar organizational contexts for managing historical conditions in IS strategizing. Collapse

Topics: information systems strategy accounting communication service infrastructure IT supported collaboration knowledge management system

Methods: case study qualitative interview archival research narrative analysis longitudinal research