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How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0
Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction
Sustainable IS Use: What IS Needed to REDUSE

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Andraschko, Lars; Wunderlich, Philipp; Sarker, Saonee; Veit, Daniel

Abstract: Facing ever-looming climate change, studying the drivers for individuals ' Info ... Expand

Abstract: Facing ever-looming climate change, studying the drivers for individuals ' Information Systems (IS) Use to reduce environmental harm gains momentum. While extant research on the antecedents of sustainable IS Use has focused on specific theories, interventions, contexts, and technologies, a holistic understanding has become increasingly elusive, with a synthesis remaining absent. We employ a systematic literature review methodology to shed light on the driving antecedents for sustainable IS Use among individual consumers. Our results build on findings of 29 empirical studies drawn from 598 articles retrieved from our premier outlets and a forward/backward search. The analysis reveals six salient complementary antecedents: Relief, Empowerment, Default, User-centricity, Salience, and Encouragement. We recommend considering these concepts when developing, deploying, promoting, or regulating digital technologies to mitigate individual consumers' emissions. Along with memorable and implementable concepts, our theoretical framework offers a novel conceptualization and four promising avenues for researchers on sustainable IS Use. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: information system use green IS electronic commerce individual characteristic willingness to pay

Methods: structured literature research synthesis theory development laboratory experiment field experiment

Theories: extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology information systems theory unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
From Groups to Communities: A Resource Mobilization Theory Perspective on the Emergence of Communities
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2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1
Authors: Angelopoulos, Spyros; Canhilal, Kubra S.; Hawkins, Matthew A.

Abstract: Groups and communities have been key topics in the information systems (IS) rese ... Expand

Abstract: Groups and communities have been key topics in the information systems (IS) research agenda. While communities are assumed to emerge at the intersection of overlapping groups and their practices, prior research has mainly focused on their dynamics and evolution. This has resulted to limited empirical support regarding the emergence of communities. We address that lacuna by tracing the emergence of communities through the prism of resource mobilization theory. In doing so, we make use of a unique longitudinal dataset and incorporate Topic Modelling, Bipartite Network Analysis, and Community Detection. We show that new communities are formed at the intersection of overlapping groups and practices. In addition, we contribute to the IS literature by demonstrating that their emergence occurs due to resource mobilization that gives rise to a shared mindset. We also reveal that multiple resources are incorporated into the practices of an emerging community. By combining large datasets and innovative computational approaches, we help IS theory and practice to move away from traditional "what" questions towards the more insightful "how" ones. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our work and delineate an agenda for future research on the topic. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: accounting identity theft database system

Methods: longitudinal research theoretical contribution theory development network analysis topic model

Theories: information systems theory
What Makes Digital Technology? A Categorization Based on Purpose
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2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Baier, Marie-Sophie; Berger, Stephan; Kreuzer, Thomas; Oberländer, Anna; Röglinger, Maximilian

Abstract: Digital technology (DT) is creating and shaping today's world. Building on its ... Expand

Abstract: Digital technology (DT) is creating and shaping today's world. Building on its identity and history of technology research, the Information Systems discipline is at the forefront of understanding the nature of DT and related phenomena. Understanding the nature of DT requires understanding its purposes. Because of the growing number of DTs, these purposes are diversifying, and further examination is needed. To that end, we followed an organizational systematics paradigm and present a taxonomic theory for DT that enables its classification through its diverse purposes. The taxonomic theory comprises a multi-layer taxonomy of DT and purpose-related archetypes, which we inferred from a sample of 92 real-world DTs. In our empirical evaluation, we assessed the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the taxonomy and archetypes. The taxonomic theory exceeds existing technology classifications by being the first that (1) has been rigorously developed, (2) considers the nature of DT, (3) is sufficiently concrete to reflect the diverse purposes of DT, and (4) is sufficiently abstract to be persistent. Our findings add to the descriptive knowledge on DT, advance our understanding of the diverse purposes of DT, and lay the ground for further theorizing. Our work also supports practitioners in managing and designing DTs. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: knowledge base perceived usefulness competitive advantage decision making technology adoption

Methods: cluster analysis theory development longitudinal data analysis focus group computational algorithm

Theories: information systems theory sociomaterialism theory
On digital theorizing, clickbait research, and the cumulative tradition
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2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 1
Authors: Baiyere, Abayomi; Berente, Nicholas; Avital, Michel

Abstract: The pursuit of novel and indigenous digital theories is a thought-provoking call ... Expand

Abstract: The pursuit of novel and indigenous digital theories is a thought-provoking call by Grover and Lyytinen. Such a piece is direly needed, and we hope it will spark a reinvigoration of the field. However, despite its many merits and our alignment with its message, we have two comments or caveats for readers of their piece. These are?a) a need to re-emphasize the value of attending to the cumulative tradition in our pursuit of digital theorizing, and relatedly b) an unreflective reading of the paper may risk mobilizing IS scholarship towards clickbait research. We further highlight three anchors that future scholarship can consider in attending to these issues a) problematization anchor, b) implications anchor, and c) boundary-spanning anchor. With these points, we add more volume to amplify the message of G&L and offer suggestions for pursuing innovative digital theories that go beyond ephemeral theorizing. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: boundary spanning reference discipline IS discipline

Methods: theory development

Theories: information systems theory
The Backstory of “Digital Agility Theory”
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2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Baiyere, Abayomi; Galliers, Robert; Salmela, Hannu; Tapanainen, Tommi

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: IS agility digital transformation electronic mail IS development agility

Methods: theory development literature study theoretical contribution synthesis structured literature research

Theories: information systems theory
An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures
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2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Balozian, Puzant; Burns, A.; Leidner, Dorothy

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, s ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, some employees continue to engage in maladaptive responses to security measures (i.e., behaviors other than those recommended, intended, or prescribed). To help shed light on insiders' adaptive and maladaptive responses to IS security measures, we conducted a case study of an organization at the forefront of security policy initiatives. Drawing on the beliefs-actions-outcomes (BAO) model to analyze our case data, we uncover a potentially nonvirtuous cycle consisting of security-related beliefs, actions, and outcomes, which we refer to as an "adversarial dance." Explaining our results, we describe a novel belief framework that identifies four security belief profiles and uncovers an underexplored outcome of IS security: insiders' lived security experiences. We find that individuals' unfavorable lived security experiences produce counterproductive security-related beliefs that, in turn, lead to maladaptive behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors create new potential for security risk, leading to increased organizational security measures to counter them. Thus, the adversarial dance continues, as the new security measures have the potential to reinforce counterproductive security-related beliefs about the importance and risk of IS security and lead to new maladaptive behaviors. To help situate our findings within the current security literature, we integrate the results with prior research based on extant theories. While this paper is not the first to suggest that security measures can elicit maladaptive behaviors, the emergent belief framework and expanded BAO model of IS security constitute an important contribution to the behavioral IS security literature.Puzant Balozian is an assistant professor of computer information systems at James Madison University. His research focus is primarily on the impacts of organizational factors on individual user behaviors in the context of information security and privacy and addressing security policy compliance and violation. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: IT security IT security defense productivity IT security threat anonymity

Methods: case study qualitative interview personal interview theory development survey

Theories: information systems theory neutralization theory behavioral theory
Digital Transformation: From Traditional IS Theories to Emerging Assemblage

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Aryal, arun; AMRANI, REDOUANE EL; Wu, Crystal

Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that requires a ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that requires a significant shift in organizational culture and mindset, necessitating new theoretical perspectives to understand the interactions between technology and people. This article conducts a critical literature review of the extant literature on DT, contrasting traditional Information Systems (IS) theories with assemblage theory. Assemblage theory provides a dynamic framework to analyze the various components of DT and their interactions, acknowledging the significance of power dynamics and politics in shaping the direction and outcomes of DT initiatives. This paper provides different theoretical perspectives in digital transformation literature by analyzing 70 articles published in premier IS journals. This article is helpful for scholars and practitioners interested in understanding the complexities of DT through assemblage theory perspectives. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: digital transformation database system diffusion of innovation innovation management

Methods: literature study literature sample qualitative coding cross sectional research theory development

Theories: information systems theory institutional theory dynamic capabilities theory diffusion of innovations theory knowledge management theory
Explainable artificial intelligence in information systems: A review of the status quo and future research directions
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2023 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 4
Authors: Brasse, Julia; Broder, Hanna Rebecca; Förster, Maximilian; Klier, Mathias; Sigler, Irina

Abstract: The quest to open black box artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolved into an ... Expand

Abstract: The quest to open black box artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolved into an emerging phenomenon of global interest for academia, business, and society and brought about the rise of the research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With its pluralistic view, information systems (IS) research is predestined to contribute to this emerging field; thus, it is not surprising that the number of publications on XAI has been rising significantly in IS research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of XAI research in IS in general and electronic markets in particular using a structured literature review. Based on a literature search resulting in 180 research papers, this work provides an overview of the most receptive outlets, the development of the academic discussion, and the most relevant underlying concepts and methodologies. Furthermore, eight research areas with varying maturity in electronic markets are carved out. Finally, directions for a research agenda of XAI in IS are presented. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: explainable artificial intelligence artificial intelligence user requirement electronic market user experience

Methods: literature study literature sample cluster analysis synthesis machine learning

Theories: information systems theory activity theory agency theory attribution theory cognitive fit theory
Doing good by going digital: A taxonomy of digital social innovation in the context of incumbents
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2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Buck, Christoph; Krombacher, Anna; Röglinger, Maximilian; Körner-Wyrtki, Katrin

Abstract: Digital social innovation (DSI) offers incumbents a strategic field of action to ... Expand

Abstract: Digital social innovation (DSI) offers incumbents a strategic field of action to leverage the op portunities of digital technologies to address pressing societal challenges. By proposing a tax onomy and 12 clusters of incumbents’ DSI initiatives based on a sample of 296 real-world objects, we develop a unified understanding of DSI and its characteristics. This lays the foundation for further theorising on DSI from an incumbent perspective and for researchers to shape the DSI field. The taxonomy provides incumbents with an orientation to realise DSI’s rich strategic po tentials throughout the DSI ideation process and in assessing DSI types. Collapse

Semantic filters: information systems theory

Topics: innovation management societal challenge database system value creation digital innovation

Methods: literature sample cluster analysis agglomerative hierarchical clustering structured literature research theory development

Theories: information systems theory

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Found 547 articles

How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

Sustainable IS Use: What IS Needed to REDUSE

From Groups to Communities: A Resource Mobilization Theory Perspective on the Emergence of Communities

What Makes Digital Technology? A Categorization Based on Purpose

On digital theorizing, clickbait research, and the cumulative tradition

The Backstory of “Digital Agility Theory”

An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures

Digital Transformation: From Traditional IS Theories to Emerging Assemblage

Explainable artificial intelligence in information systems: A review of the status quo and future research directions

Doing good by going digital: A taxonomy of digital social innovation in the context of incumbents