Beyond Spatial Proximity: The Impact of Enhanced Spatial Connectedness from New Bridges on Entrepreneurship

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Dutta, Sunasir; Armanios, Daniel Erian; Desai, Jaison D.

Abstract: Various strands of work have explored how spatial proximity helps (metaphoricall ... Expand

Abstract: Various strands of work have explored how spatial proximity helps (metaphorically) bridge barriers to resource mobilization and foster knowledge transfer. However, much of that work takes spatial connectedness as a given. We argue that spatial connectedness is a distinct construct that affects the extent to which spaces are not just proximate but are actually able to link people, ideas, resources, and knowledge together. We explore one such source of connectedness—physical (not metaphorical) bridges. We find that the opening of newly built bridges enhances startup founding in the local geographic community. Beyond their impact on startup founding, newly built bridges also influence the organizing process for such ventures. This includes a positive impact on the entry of prospective founders into entrepreneurship and an increase in the number of early-stage investors. The subsequently founded ventures are also more likely to engage in recombination and to cross industry boundaries. We explore scope conditions around industry and connective heterogeneity. We also test for robustness to various modeling approaches. The discussion highlights contributions of these findings to the study of entrepreneurship, as well as of organizations and the institutional fields in which they operate. Collapse

Topics: entrepreneurship innovation management knowledge sharing knowledge spillover economic surplus

Methods: robustness check hierarchical linear modeling archival research statistical hypothesis test instrumental variables estimation

Theories: institutional theory sociomaterialism theory organizational theory theory of economic booms

The Structure of Citizen Bystander Offering Behaviors Immediately After the Boston Marathon Bombing

2020 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: LaLone, Nicolas; Toups, Z O; Tapia, Andrea

Abstract: In April of 2013, two pressure cooker bombs detonated near the finish line of th ... Expand

Abstract: In April of 2013, two pressure cooker bombs detonated near the finish line of the Boston Marathon. The resulting crowdsourced criminal investigation has been subject to intense scrutiny. What has not been discussed are the offering behaviors of Twitter users immediately following the detonations. The hashtag #BostonHelp offers a case study of what emergent, computer-mediated groups offer victims of a crisis event. Through creative appropriation of at-hand technologies (CAAT), this emergent group organized online offering and information about tangible resources on the ground. In this case, #BostonHelp participants harnessed blogs, social media, Google Forms, and pre-existing services to organize help for those in need. The resulting structure stabilized and became a symbol of the response itself. This case study offers an analysis of the structure created by computermediated crowds. We conclude with a discussion of trying to design, or even detect these behaviors at the start of a crisis response. Collapse

Topics: Twitter Google+ social media blog Facebook

Methods: case study ethnography

Theories: theory of affordance

A decision support tool for allocating temporary-disaster-response facilities

2019 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cavdur, Fatih; Sebatli, Asli

Abstract: Managing disaster response operations is a challenging task requiring the consid ... Expand

Abstract: Managing disaster response operations is a challenging task requiring the consideration of many stakeholders under time pressure, risk and uncertainty. Utilization of information technology for decision support might produce great benefits for decision makers to overcome such challenges. This study presents a decision support tool for allocating temporary-disaster-response facilities for relief supplies distribution under demand uncertainty, as one of the many challenging problems in disaster relief operations. The decision support tool developed in this study consists of three main components; database, decision engine and user interface. We also include an example real-life case for illustration and present the results produced by the decision support tool. It is noted that the decision support tool allows decision makers to allocate temporary-disaster-response facilities in many different after-disaster situations by taking into account the possible uncertainties to occur after a disaster by utilizing a two-stage-stochastic programming framework. Although it is illustrated with a specific example case in this paper, the flexibility of the decision support tool allows users to consider other cases with as many scenarios as desired. We think that it might be a useful tool to help decision makers in allocating temporary-disaster-response facilities for relief supplies distribution. Collapse

Topics: decision support system user interface usability database system decision support

Methods: design science entity relationship modeling

Dynamic Balancing of Exploration and Exploitation: The Contingent Benefits of Ambidexterity

2018 | Organization Science | Citations: 43

Authors: Luger, Johannes; Raisch, Sebastian; Schimmer, Markus

Abstract: We study the evolution of firms’ exploration–exploitation allocations and their ... Expand

Abstract: We study the evolution of firms’ exploration–exploitation allocations and their long-term performance outcomes. Extending current ambidexterity theory, we suggest that not only firms pursuing one-sided exploration or exploitation orientations show self-reinforcing tendencies but also ambidextrous firms adopting balanced exploration–exploitation orientations. Integrating formal modeling arguments, we further propose that reinforcing ambidexterity can be good or bad for firms’ long-term performance, depending on the environment they face: In contexts characterized by incremental change, firms benefit more from the learning effects of maintaining ambidexterity, which lead to superior performance. Firms in discontinuous change contexts, however, suffer more from the misalignment that reinforcement creates, which affects their performance negatively. A longitudinal data set of global insurance firms (1999–2014) supports our arguments. Building on these findings, we reconceptualize ambidexterity as the ability to dynamically balance exploration and exploitation, which emerges from combining capability-building processes (to balance exploration and exploitation) with capability-shifting processes (to adapt the exploration–exploitation balance). We contribute to the organizational literature by developing a dynamic perspective on balancing exploration and exploitation, by clarifying the contingent nature of the ambidexterity–firm performance relationship, and by integrating and extending the ambidexterity and formal modeling perspectives on exploration and exploitation. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1189. Collapse

Topics: organizational productivity accounting financial performance terrorist incident hurricane Katrina

Methods: longitudinal research descriptive statistic autocorrelation analysis statistical hypothesis test qualitative content analysis

Theories: ambidexterity theory contingency theory

Applying a Layered Framework to Disaster Recovery

2017 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 19

Authors: Oklahoma State University; Baham, Corey; Calderon, Andres; Baton Rouge; Hirschheim, Rudy; Louisiana State University

Abstract: Building highly available information technology (IT) infrastructures has become ... Expand

Abstract: Building highly available information technology (IT) infrastructures has become critical to many corporations’ survival. However, the disaster recovery (DR) industry lacks a common enterprise framework to capitalize on the value that DR provides corporations due in part to inadequate conceptual frameworks for DR that can facilitate the alignment of corporate efforts toward corporate resiliency. To address this problem, we propose a new conceptualization for the DR of enterprise architecture. This conceptual framework comprises DR layers that describe the nature of DR and its related components from a functional and technical point of view. We discuss the benefits of these DR layers to DR teams and compare our approach to traditional thinking. Further, we present a case study, its findings, and their implications for DR. As a result, we demonstrate how our layered framework of enterprise architecture provides a unified understanding of the DR practice, which one can then use to support decision making and corporate alignment of the DR practice and its associated technology. Collapse

Topics: disaster recovery enterprise architecture IT manager decision making IT project

Methods: case study qualitative interview triangulation survey participant observation

A New Approach to Quantifying the Impact of Hurricane-Disrupted Oil Refinery Operations Utilizing Secondary Data

2017 | Group Decision and Negotiation | Citations: 0

Authors: Park, Jiyoung; Moore, James E.; Gordon, Peter; Richardson, Harry W.

Abstract: This study suggests a new framework that empirically quantifies the temporally d ... Expand

Abstract: This study suggests a new framework that empirically quantifies the temporally disaggregate economic impacts. Utilizing only secondary data, including post-event information on concurrent demand and value-added changes in the wake of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the framework is used to identify the technological changes in production that actually occurred after a major disruption. Two methodologies are developed for the framework and data analysis: a quasi-experimental model and an economic model. The Holt–Winters time-series approach is used to estimate normal economic trends under the assumption that the two hurricanes had not occurred, and the results are compared to actual trends. The gaps between the estimated and actual trends represent the direct impacts. We utilized the flexible national interstate economic model to construct a month-to-month supply-side version of the national interstate economic model and measure the total economic impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita by month, state and industry, including adaptations. The new framework, which provides estimates of economic impact adaptation process and resilient results, refines the often substantially overstated impacts provided by the application of conventional economic models. The suggested approach can be used to address questions about the effects of time, distance, and industry linkages, and hence the dynamics of conflict activities. Collapse

Topics: hurricane hurricane Katrina technological change website accounting

Methods: economic model time series analysis longitudinal research quasi experiment simulation

Repertoires of collaboration for common operating pictures of disasters and extreme events

2015 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 19

Authors: Bunker, Deborah; Levine, Linda; Woody, Carol

Abstract: Disasters are dynamic, emergent scenarios involving diverse stakeholders in comp ... Expand

Abstract: Disasters are dynamic, emergent scenarios involving diverse stakeholders in complex decision making and as such, disaster response systems must account for these conditions. We suggest that emergency service agencies should consider supplementing their traditional command and control approaches and common operating pictures (COP), with purposeful collaborative approaches. These would facilitate the generation of common operating pictures incorporating dynamic and emergent characteristics, providing a range of options with which to better respond to disasters. Collaborative management and negotiated integration of information represent a paradigmatic shift in our thinking about disaster response. We have utilized McCann’s (1983) Social Problem Solving Negotiated Arrangements (SPS-NA) to highlight problems with conventional approaches during three disaster scenarios. As a result of lessons learned from this analysis we suggest that developing supplementary repertoires of collaboration would have a positive impact on improved COP for effective disaster response outcomes. Collapse

Topics: hurricane Katrina problem solving terrorist incident earthquake tsunami

Methods: design science data modeling

Finding story chains in newswire articles using random walks

2014 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Zhu, Xianshu; Oates, Tim

Abstract: Massive amounts of information about news events are published on the Internet e ... Expand

Abstract: Massive amounts of information about news events are published on the Internet every day in online newspapers, blogs, and social network messages. While search engines like Google help retrieve information using keywords, the large volumes of unstructured search results returned by search engines make it hard to track the evolution of an event. A story chain is composed of a set of news articles that reveal hidden relationships among different events. Traditional keyword-based search engines provide limited support for finding story chains. In this paper, we propose a random walk based algorithm to find story chains. When breaking news happens, many media outlets report the same event. We have two pruning mechanisms in the algorithm to automatically exclude redundant articles from the story chain and to ensure efficiency of the algorithm. We further explore how named entities and word relevance can help find relevant news articles and improve algorithm efficiency by creating a co-clustering based correlation graph. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can generate coherent story chains without redundancy. The efficiency of the algorithm is significantly improved on the correlation graph. Collapse

Topics: hurricane Katrina earthquake search engine tsunami parallel computing

Methods: computational algorithm cluster analysis experiment term frequency–inverse document frequency linear optimization

Crisis Response Information Networks

2012 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 48

Authors: Pan, Shan L.; Pan, Gary; Leidner, Dorothy E.

Abstract: In the past two decades, organizational scholars have focused significant attent ... Expand

Abstract: In the past two decades, organizational scholars have focused significant attention on how organizations manage crises. While most of these studies concentrate on crisis prevention, there is a growing emphasis on crisis response. Because information that is critical to crisis response may become outdated as crisis conditions change, crisis response research recognizes that the management of information flows and networks is critical to crisis response. Yet despite its importance, little is known about the various types of crisis information networks and the role of IT in enabling these information networks. Employing concepts from information flow and social network theories, this paper contributes to crisis management research by developing four crisis response information network prototypes. These networks are based on two main dimensions: (1) information flow intensity and (2) network density. We describe how considerations of these two dimensions with supporting case evidence yield four prototypical crisis information response networks: Information Star, Information Pyramid, Information Forest, and Information Black-out. In addition, we examine the role of IT within each information network structure. We conclude with guidelines for managers to deploy appropriate information networks during crisis response and with suggestions for future research related to IT and crisis management. Collapse

Topics: emergency management tsunami tornado hurricane Katrina natural hazard

Methods: qualitative interview case study design artifact literature study theory development

Theories: social network theory flow theory

An Empirical Examination of IT-Enabled Emergency Response: The Cases of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita

2010 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Chen, Rui; Rao, H. Raghav; Sharman, Raj; Upadhyaya, Shambhu J.; Kim, Jinki

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an empirical study that analyzes emergency inc ... Expand

Abstract: This paper reports the results of an empirical study that analyzes emergency incident response. The paper studies how information systems (IS) complement other organizational assets to help emergency responders achieve satisfactory response performance. We test the research model using empirical data collected from responses to Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita. The results show that IS-enabled asset allocation support directly improves emergency response performance and also positively interacts with non-IS response assets in achieving response success. The results also confirm the value of dispatch systems, interagency communications, and knowledge repositories in developing asset allocation support for an emergency response organization. Collapse

Topics: knowledge repository emergency management hurricane Katrina hurricane organizational productivity

Methods: partial least squares regression survey theory development descriptive statistic factor analysis

Theories: resource based view of the firm