How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Know the Knowledge of Your Students: A Flexible Analytics Tool for Student Exercises

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Aguirre Reid, Sören; Kammer, Frank; Schüller, Daria; Siepermann, Markus; Wölfer, Jonas

Abstract: Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have the power to influence lecturers’ practi ... Expand

Abstract: Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have the power to influence lecturers’ practices in the classroom and to improve students’ learning. Many ITS provide standardized analytical methods to evaluate classroom performance or the results of the exercises. But they lack more sophisticated, flexible and individual analyses. This paper presents an e-learning Analytics Tool (EAT) for an ITS that provides a dashboard with key figures and a flexible analytics board (FAB). This enables lecturers to analyze students’ performance in detail and identify misconceptions. For instance, the FAB allows us to classify student solutions, reveal conceptual errors in exercises, and analyze each part of an exercise. By this, common mistakes can be identified, and tailored feedback can be given to the students. Following the design science approach, the platform is designed in a general way so that it can be used for different types of exercises (e.g., Math, Excel, SQL). To assess the artifact, we conducted group interviews with German University lecturers from various courses. The results show that lecturers require a good overview of the submitted student solutions to provide timely feedback. They also appreciate the flexible analytics tool for detailed analyses of student solutions to understand student mistakes better. The employed architecture allows general analyses of exercises and the content of students’ solutions. In addition, the EAT is not bound to a specific kind of exercise, but can cope with different kinds like SQL and Excel. Collapse

Topics: digital dashboard structured query language database system online learning system perceived usefulness

Methods: group interview design science design artifact survey qualitative interview

Blockchain Use Case in Ballistics and Crime Gun Tracing and Intelligence: Toward Overcoming Gun Violence

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Akello, Patricia; Vemprala, Naga; Lang Beebe, Nicole; Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standi ... Expand

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standing public safety concern and a security threat, due to violent gun-related crimes, injuries, and fatalities. Although legislators and lawmakers have attempted to mitigate its threats through legislation, research on gun violence confirms the need for a comprehensive approach to gun violence prevention. This entails addressing the problem in as many ways as possible, such as through legislation, new technological advancements, re-engineering supply, and administrative protocols, among others. The research focuses on the technological, supply, and administrative aspects, in which we propose a manner of managing gun-related data efficiently from the point of manufacture/sale, as well as at points of transfers between secondary sellers for the improvement of criminal investigation processes. Making data more readily available with greater integrity will facilitate successful investigations and prosecutions of gun crimes. Currently, there is no single and uniform platform for firearm manufacturers, dealers, and other stakeholders involved in firearm sales, dissemination, management, and investigation. With the help of Blockchain technology, gun registry, ownership, transfers, and, most importantly, investigations, when crimes occur, can all be managed efficiently, breaking the cycle of gun violence. The identification of guns, gun tracing, and identification of gun owners/possessors rely on accuracy, integrity, and consistency in related systems to influence gun crime investigation processes. Blockchain technology, which uses a consensus-based approach to improve processes and transactions, is demonstrated in this study as a way to enhance these procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore and demonstrate the utility of Blockchain for gun-related criminal investigations using a design science approach. Collapse

Topics: blockchain criminality smart contract Ethereum access control

Methods: design artifact design science design process case study simulation

The impact of enterprise architecture management on information systems architecture complexity

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Beese, Jannis; Aier, Stephan; Haki, Kazem; Winter, Robert

Abstract: Significant investments in information systems (IS) over the past decades have l ... Expand

Abstract: Significant investments in information systems (IS) over the past decades have led to increasingly complex IS architectures in organisations, which are difficult to understand, operate, and maintain. We investigate this development and associated challenges through a conceptual model that distinguishes four constituent elements of IS architecture complexity by differentiating technological from organisational aspects and structural from dynamic aspects. Building on this conceptualisation, we hypothesise relations between these four IS architecture complexity constructs and investigate their impact on architectural outcomes (i.e., efficiency, flexibility, transparency, and predictability). Using survey data from 249 IS managers, we test our model through a partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modelling (SEM). We find that organisational complexity drives technological complexity and that structural complexity drives dynamic complexity. We also demonstrate that increasing IS architecture complexity has a significant negative impact on efficiency, flexibility, transparency, and predictability. Finally, we show that enterprise architecture management (EAM) helps to offset these negative effects by acting as a moderator in the relation between organisational and technological IS architecture complexity. Thus, organisations without adequate EAM are likely to face large increases in technological complexity due to increasing organisational complexity, whereas organisations with adequate EAM exhibit no such relation. Collapse

Topics: enterprise architecture IT manager IT development project missing data organization structure

Methods: survey focus group survey design structural equation modeling partial least squares path modeling

Great Divisions: The Evolution of Polarization During the Man-made Emergency of January 6, 2021

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Bhatt, P.; Vemprala, N.; Valecha, R.; Hariharan, G.; Rao, H.

Abstract: Polarization, which refers to the formation of opposing groups based on peoples ... Expand

Abstract: Polarization, which refers to the formation of opposing groups based on peoples' beliefs and opinions, is a phenomenon that has existed for eons. However, in the recent past, social media has caused a quantum change in the dynamics of polarization since beliefs may change almost instantaneously on social media because of unfolding events. We investigate social media communication that has resulted in polarized opinions among individuals prior to, during, and after a crisis event; the January 6th US Capitol riots. Analyses of the dominant narratives on Twitter surrounding the incident reveal a high level of polarization throughout the unfolding of the event, with increased polarization possibly attributable to the onset of the crisis. We also observe the evolution of the phenomenon: as the event unfolds, polarization changes. We suggest that understanding the evolution of polarization is important for timely crisis resolution by crisis managers. We utilize three measures, spread, distinctness and regionalization, to examine polarization during a crisis. Based on these measures our findings indicate that social media discussions exhibit an increase in the negative sentiment during the crisis as compared to precrisis, but there is a rebound in terms of positive sentiments emerging in the post crisis period. Also, the results signal reduced diversity in discussion topics during the crisis as compared to pre and post-crisis. Collapse

Topics: social media Twitter terrorist incident artificial intelligence application programming interface

Methods: topic model longitudinal research qualitative content analysis longitudinal survey cluster analysis

Designing mobile Applications for Citizen Participation in Urban Planning

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Borchers, M.; Tavanapour, N.; Bittner, E.

Abstract: As a result of the increasing requirements for urban planning, a paradigm shift ... Expand

Abstract: As a result of the increasing requirements for urban planning, a paradigm shift towards citizen participation has evolved to collaboratively address enhancing urban challenges and social conflicts. Past projects have examined urban citizen participation processes and methods to support citizen participation. However, the challenges in the domain of informing, encouraging, and enabling participation at any time are not sufficiently examined and less attention was devoted to urban participation through mobile applications, even if required devices are widely used and can enable permanent communication channels between citizens and planning authorities. Therefore, a design science research project was initiated to examine how to design mobile applications to support citizen participation in urban planning projects. In this paper, the findings of the first cycle are presented including issues, meta-requirements, design principles, the development of a mock-up, and its evaluation to provide insight into the design of mobile applications for citizen participation. Collapse

Topics: mobile system mobile application SWOT analysis video conference pandemic

Methods: design principle focus group design requirement literature study design artifact

From Challenges to Solution Pathways for Industrial Data Ecosystems - A Socio-Technical Perspective

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Brechtel, Marc; Petrik, Dimitri; Hölzle, Katharina

Abstract: Many industrial firms know that inter-firm data sharing holds tremendous potent ... Expand

Abstract: Many industrial firms know that inter-firm data sharing holds tremendous potential for the creation of new economic value. However, most of them are not yet willing to share data multilaterally for joint value creation. Consequently, they do not participate in so-called data ecosystems. In our study, we address this issue from a socio-technical perspective and apply a two-step qualitative-empirical research design composed of a problem-centered interview study followed by solution-oriented workshops. We have identified and prioritized the perceived challenges and present first solution pathways. We were able to assign respective responsibilities for needed actions to major roles in data ecosystems. Among others, we can show that the core participants, i.e., data owner and data user, and the governance body need to resolve key challenges mostly in a separate but complementary manner to help industrial data ecosystems emerge. Collapse

Topics: digital ecosystem top management support technology adoption cloud computing supply chain management

Methods: qualitative interview case study qualitative coding group interview

Theories: socio technical theory sociotechnical systems theory

Algorithmic Management: Its Implications for Information Systems Research

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 4

Authors: Cameron, Lindsey; Lamers, Laura; Leicht-Deobald, Ulrich; Lutz, Christoph; Meijerink, Jeroen; Möhlmann, Mareike

Abstract: In recent years, the topic of algorithmic management has received increasing at ... Expand

Abstract: In recent years, the topic of algorithmic management has received increasing attention in information systems (IS) research and beyond. As both emerging platform businesses and established companies rely on artificial intelligence and sophisticated software to automate tasks previously done by managers, important organizational, social, and ethical questions emerge. However, a cross-disciplinary approach to algorithmic management that brings together IS perspectives with other (sub-)disciplines such as macro-and micro-organizational behavior, business ethics, and digital sociology is missing, despite its usefulness for IS research. This article engages in cross-disciplinary agenda setting through an in-depth report of a professional development workshop (PDW) entitled "Algorithmic Management: Toward a Cross-Disciplinary Research Agenda" delivered at the 2021 Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Three leading experts (Mareike Möhlmann, Lindsey Cameron, and Laura Lamers) on the topic provide their insights on the current status of algorithmic management research, how their work contributes to this area, where the field is heading in the future, and what important questions should be answered going forward. These accounts are followed up by insights from the breakout group discussions at the PDW that provided further input. Overall, the experts and workshop participants emphasized that future research should examine both the desirable and undesirable outcomes of algorithmic management and should not shy away from posing ethical and normative questions. Collapse

Topics: algorithmic management sensemaking platform worker Uber pandemic

Methods: computational algorithm theory development group interview ethnography grounded theory

Theories: organizational behavior theory enactment theory

Augmented Facilitation: Designing a multi-modal Conversational Agent for Group Ideation

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cvetkovic, Izabel; Gierlich-Joas, Maren; Tavanapour, Navid; Debowski-Weimann, Nicole; Bittner, Eva

Abstract: Human facilitators face the challenge to structure and collect relevant insight ... Expand

Abstract: Human facilitators face the challenge to structure and collect relevant insights from collaborative creative work sessions, which can suffer if they face a high workload. Hence, for effective value co-creation in organizational ideation we suggest an facilitation augmentation with a conversational agent (CA). CAs have the ability to support respective collaborative work by documenting and analyzing unstructured data. Following the design science research paradigm, and based on the literature about facilitation and human-AI collaboration, we derive design principles to develop a CA prototype that collects ideas from a group ideation session and displays them back in a structured (multi-modal) manner. We evaluate the CA by conducting four focus groups. Key findings show that the CA successfully distills and enriches information. Our study contributes to understanding the role of CA in augmenting facilitation and it provides guidance for practice on how to integrate these technologies in group meetings. Collapse

Topics: SWOT analysis artificial intelligence human AI collaboration human computer interaction participatory design

Methods: design artifact qualitative interview design principle group interview qualitative content analysis

Managing historical conditions in information systems strategizing: An imprinting perspective

2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Dias, Malshika; Pan, Shan L.; Tim, Yenni; Land, Lesley

Abstract: Information systems (IS) strategizing is particularly challenging for establishe ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems (IS) strategizing is particularly challenging for established organizations because of their historical conditions. The question of how established organizations can effec­ tively manage their historical conditions in IS strategizing remains under-explored. To address this question, we conducted a case study tracing the history (1960–2020) of an established or­ ganization in the building and construction industry. Through the analysis, we found four sys­ tems: accounting management system, business communication system, knowledge management system, and community collaboration system, as the historical conditions that formed an IS imprint, which was later managed and reproduced during IS strategizing. Using the imprinting lens, we developed an understanding of: (1) the formation of the IS imprint at the organizational foundation; and (2) the reproduction of the IS imprint, considering imprint-as-resource and imprint-as-constraint during IS strategizing. We contribute to the literature by providing an un­ derstanding of how historical conditions inform IS strategizing in the long term and by applying the imprinting lens to uncover the process through which an IS imprint is strategically managed and reproduced beyond the founding phase. The insights developed from this study are trans­ ferable to similar organizational contexts for managing historical conditions in IS strategizing. Collapse

Topics: information systems strategy accounting communication service infrastructure IT supported collaboration knowledge management system

Methods: case study qualitative interview archival research narrative analysis longitudinal research