Decision model to design a blockchain-based system for storing sensitive health data

2022 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Erler, Christina; Schinle, Markus; Dietrich, Michael; Stork, Wilhelm

Abstract: The storage and sharing of sensitive health data in Blockchain-based systems im ... Expand

Abstract: The storage and sharing of sensitive health data in Blockchain-based systems implicates data protection issues that must be addressed when designing such systems. Those issues can be traced back to the properties of decentralized systems. A blessing but also a curse in the context of health data is the transparency of the Blockchain, because it allows the stored data to be viewed by all participants of the network. In addition, the property of immutability is in contrast to the possibility to delete the personal data upon request according to the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Accordingly, approaches to tackle these issues have recently been discussed in research and industry, e.g. by storing sensitive data encrypted On-Chain or Off-Chain on own servers connected to a Blockchain. These approaches deal with how the confidentiality and integrity of stored data can be guaranteed and how data can be deleted. By reviewing the proposed approaches, we develop a taxonomy to summarize their specific technical characteristics and create a decision model that will allow the selection of a suitable approach for the design of future Blockchain-based systems for the storage of sensitive health data. Afterwards, we demonstrate the utility of the decision model based on a use case for storing test results from a digital dementia screening application. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results and suggestions for future research. Collapse

Topics: blockchain healthcare data computer data storage data protection JavaScript

Methods: design artifact structured literature research literature study computational algorithm machine learning

Combining Graph Exploration and Fragmentation for Scalable RDF Query Processing

2021 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Khelil, Abdallah; Mesmoudi, Amin; Galicia, Jorge; Bellatreche, Ladjel; Hacid, Mohand-Saïd; Coquery, Emmanuel

Abstract: The flexibility offered by the Resource Description Framework (RDF) has led it t ... Expand

Abstract: The flexibility offered by the Resource Description Framework (RDF) has led it to become a very popular standard for representing data with an undefined or variable schema using the concept of triples. Its success has resulted in many large scale multidisciplinary datasets, that have prompted the development of efficient RDF processing systems. Current approaches can be distinguished into two groups: the first, adopting the relational model storing the triples in tables, and the second creating data structures that model RDF data as a graph. The strategies of the first group are more easily scalable since they apply optimization strategies from the relational model like indexing and fragmentation. However, these approaches suffer many overheads when dealing with complex queries (e.g. compounded SPARQL graphs involving filters) persistent in existing applications. On the other hand, graph-based systems that use more complex data structures fail to efficiently manage the main memory and are not scalable in computer hardware with limited resources. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to perform queries (Basic Graph Patterns, Wildcards, Aggregations and Sorting) on RDF data. We propose to combine both RDF graph exploration with physical fragmentation of triples. In this work, we describe our graph-based storage and query evaluation models. Then, we detail the architecture of our system and we largely explain the strategy, based in the Volcano execution model, used to manage the main memory at query runtime. We conducted extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets to evaluate the efficiency of our proposal. We compared our performance with a relational-based (Virtuoso), a graph-based (gStore) and an intensive-indexing (RDF-3X) approach. According to our evaluation, our system offers the best compromise between efficient query processing and scalability. Collapse

Topics: computer hardware Neo4j graph database structured query language database system

Methods: experiment computational algorithm leading question literature study

Distributed ledger technology: Its evolutionary path and the road ahead

2021 | Information & Management | Citations: 6

Authors: Perdana, Arif; Robb, Alastair; Balachandran, Vivek; Rohde, Fiona

Abstract: Various arguments for and against distributed ledger technology (DLT) appear in ... Expand

Abstract: Various arguments for and against distributed ledger technology (DLT) appear in the media. By analyzing DLTrelated online English news articles from 2010 to 2018, first, we use organizing visions to investigate DLT’s history of evolving and expanding. Second, following the Gartner hype cycle stages, we observe how DLT may offer ripe opportunities for future inquiry. We found DLT’s diffusion was characterized by competing arguments. While DLT was initially viewed as somewhat questionable, communities collectively have (re)interpreted it favorably. DLT provides researchers with opportunities warranting further development in the information systems field. Collapse

Topics: Bitcoin blockchain cryptocurrency digital news electronic payment

Methods: LexisNexis sentiment analysis machine learning natural language processing qualitative content analysis

A permissioned blockchain-based implementation of LMSR prediction markets

2020 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Carvalho, Arthur

Abstract: Since the seminal work by Hanson (2003), the Logarithmic Market Scoring Rule (LM ... Expand

Abstract: Since the seminal work by Hanson (2003), the Logarithmic Market Scoring Rule (LMSR) has become the de facto market-maker mechanism for prediction markets. We suggest in this paper three potential issues with centralized implementations of LMSR, which we refer to as the availability, security, and privacy problems. We also explain how a permissioned blockchain-based implementation of LMSR effectively solves all the above problems. Following the design science research framework (Peffers et al., 2007), our main contribution is a fully functional permissioned blockchain-based implementation of LMSR that is ready to be deployed. We believe our results are of great value not only to prediction market researchers and practitioners looking for LMSR implementations, but also to blockchain professionals looking for fully developed solutions as well as applications of suitable research frameworks to guide blockchain research and development. Collapse

Topics: blockchain privacy Hyperledger Ethereum research and development

Methods: design science simulation design artifact modeling language

Blind Spots in Business and Information Systems Engineering

2019 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 7

Authors: Hinz, Oliver; van der Aalst, Wil M. P.; Weinhardt, Christof

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: business process management distributed storage blockchain distributed database

Methods: machine learning theory development

BLOCKCHAIN – JUST ANOTHER IT IMPLEMENTATION? A COMPARISON OF BLOCKCHAIN AND INTERORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2019 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Seebacher, Stefan; Schüritz, Ronny

Abstract: In expectation of an impending technological disruption, organizations get fami ... Expand

Abstract: In expectation of an impending technological disruption, organizations get familiar with blockchain technology and scout for first value delivering implementations. So far, the promises and expectations fall short and large scale blockchain applications and ecosystems, apart from cryptocurrencies, are still missing. One aspect that contributes to this shortcoming is that blockchain projects face a multitude of implementation barriers, which have not yet been systematically identified. Blockchain can serve as a technological fabric, connecting different parties in a business network and facilitating information exchange. Such systems show clear resemblance to interorganizational information systems (IOIS). Therefore, the questions can be raised to what extent blockchain systems face the same implementation barriers as compared to any other IOIS implementation and, thus, if IOIS literature can be a valuable source for overcoming these barriers? To investigate these questions, we conduct a series of interviews with experts that have implemented blockchain prototypes in an interorganizational context and compare the derived barriers with the results of a structured literature review on challenges of IOIS implementations. We identify technical, organizational and network challenges that emerge along the blockchain implementation process and illustrate how the development of blockchain-based systems extends the existing knowledge on IOIS. Collapse

Topics: blockchain systems implementation database system technology adoption diffusion of innovation

Methods: qualitative interview structured literature research qualitative coding qualitative content analysis personal interview

Theories: institutional theory

Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy

2019 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Vogel, Jannis; Hagen, Simon; Thomas, Oliver

Abstract: An increasing amount of use cases is discovered for blockchain technology, since ... Expand

Abstract: An increasing amount of use cases is discovered for blockchain technology, since it promises tamper-proof recording of product-related data. It has the potential to improve the reliability of information management for whole supply chains and thus enables new ecologically and economically service offerings. Integrating products and services into one marketable bundle is no new concept and is referred to as product-service systems (PSS). Therefore, the methodical integration of knowledge on sustainable businesses, PSS and blockchain is a promising approach to overcome current barriers to achieve an applicable circular economy. Our study contributes a structured literature review on ongoing research in the field of sustainability-focused blockchain applications. From this, we elaborate a holistic perspective by the integration of key concepts from two additional literature reviews for blockchain and PSS. As a result, we point out potential benefits and present the effect of blockchain on sustainable PSS with a product-life cycle model. Collapse

Topics: blockchain data encryption public key encryption distributed storage distributed database

Methods: literature study structured literature research

Gait-Based Identification Using Wearables in the Personal Fog

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Walter, Charles; Gamble, Rose F

Abstract: Wearables are becoming more computationally powerful, with increased sensing and ... Expand

Abstract: Wearables are becoming more computationally powerful, with increased sensing and control capabilities, creating a need for accurate user authentication. Greater control and power allow wearables to become part of a personal fog system, but introduces new attack vectors. An attacker that steals a wearable can gain access to stored personal data on the wearable. However, the new computational power can also be employed to safeguard use through more secure authentication. The wearables themselves can now perform authentication. In this paper, we use gait identification for increased authentication when potentially harmful commands are requested. We show how the relying on the processing and storage inherent in the personal fog allows distributed storage of information about the gait of the wearer and the ability to fully process this data for user authentication locally at the edge. While gait-based authentication has been examined before, we show an additional, low-power method of verification for wearables. Collapse

Topics: smart wearable device electronic authentication mobile system mobile application Bluetooth

Methods: descriptive statistic wearables based research archival research

Exploring How Blockchain Impacts Loyalty Program Participation Behaviors: An Exploratory Case Study

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 2

Authors: Wang, Lu; Hua, Ying; Wang, Jing

Abstract: How to keep customers motivated in participative behaviors remains one major cha ... Expand

Abstract: How to keep customers motivated in participative behaviors remains one major challenge in extant loyalty program (LP) studies. While some companies have initiated efforts to utilize blockchain-based distributed ledgers and smart contract capabilities to enhance customer experience and improve LP efficiencies, academic assessment of blockchain application in the LP context remains scarce. This research attempts to establish a theoretical overview of how the key natures of blockchain influence customers’ varying motivations (economy, autonomy, competence and relatedness) and perceived value, which consequently induce participative behaviors in a loyalty points context. Then, using an exploratory case study of Bubichain in China, we verify that the blockchain-enabled loyalty points scheme not only improves customers’ economic perceived value by meeting their economic motives, as the traditional one does, but also enhances their social interaction and psychological self-fulfillment value perception by meeting their intrinsic motivations, thus increasing customers’ experience and participation behaviors. Collapse

Topics: blockchain intrinsic motivation distributed database distributed storage peer-to-peer model

Methods: case study qualitative interview conceptual modelling

Theories: self determination theory

Unveiling the interplay between blockchain and loyalty program participation: A qualitative approach based on Bubichain

2019 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 7

Authors: Wang, Lu; Luo, Xin (Robert); Lee, Frank

Abstract: Keeping motivated customers partaking in point exchange activities is a major ch ... Expand

Abstract: Keeping motivated customers partaking in point exchange activities is a major challenge in extant loyalty program (LP) studies. In the literature, IT or its applications play a paramount role in enabling firms to offer superior services and consequently deepen the relationships with their customers. Although already applied to augment customer experience and increase participation in practice, how blockchain applications interact with the LP context is still largely unknown in IS research. The objective of this research is to explore how blockchain, as an IT artifact on the rise, influences value creation in a LP context. Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT), this paper considers both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in a LP context guided by SDT regulation: meeting the needs of Economy, Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness, and explores the effects of blockchain application on customers’ motivations, which influence value perception and participative behaviors. By using an exploratory case study of BubiChain in China, we collected data through semi-structured interviews and extracted from the raw data of BubiChain-based loyalty point exchange platform, including real-time, multibrands, peer-to-peer, and secure, traceable and fraud-proof exchange. We found that these features of blockchain applications not only improve customers’ economic perceived value by meeting their extrinsic motivation but also enhance their social interaction and psychological self-fulfillment value perception by satisfying their intrinsic motivations, thus increasing customers’ experience and participative behaviors. We also synthesized the results and theorized the findings into 4 formal testable propositions, which would offer testable hypotheses for future empirical studies. This paper reveals an innovative breakthrough on SDT theory and LP research, and is an early attempt to analyze how the blockchain is applied to LPs. We endeavor to establish a theoretical overview of how the key features of blockchain-driven point exchange platform influence customers’ motivations, which affect value perception and consequently induce participative behaviors in a loyalty point context. Collapse

Topics: blockchain peer-to-peer model intrinsic motivation information management value creation

Methods: qualitative interview case study qualitative coding theory development personal interview

Theories: self determination theory