Bidding on a Peer-to-Peer Energy Market: An Exploratory Field Study

2022 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Wörner, Anselma; Tiefenbeck, Verena; Wortmann, Felix; Meeuw, Arne; Ableitner, Liliane; Fleisch, Elgar; Azevedo, Inês

Abstract: Moving toward sustainable energy systems to address climate change is one of the ... Expand

Abstract: Moving toward sustainable energy systems to address climate change is one of the key challenges of our generation. To that end, investments in renewable energy and balancing renewable supply and energy demand on the larger scale are crucial. One mechanism to create price signals for demand balancing, as well as for consumer engagement, is to establish trading platforms (or peer-to-peer (P2P) markets) through which households can directly buy and sell renewable energy. However, residential consumers are typically lay users with little or no previous exposure to the complexity and the dynamics involved in energy markets. More so, empirical research on consumer engagement in the energy sector indicates that individuals tend to act against their stated proenvironmental intentions and to lose interest in energy management systems particularly quickly—calling into question regulatory efforts to foster P2P markets to push the transition to renewable energy. We have implemented the first empirical study worldwide that analyzes bidding behavior in a real-world P2P energy market, in which users bid for solar energy via an auction mechanism. For the duration of an entire year, users could interact with the market using a web app. The prices settled on the P2P market directly impacted participants’ electricity bills. We provide unique empirical evidence showing that (1) participants were willing to engage in energy trading and that (2) they understood the market mechanism surprisingly well and exhibited learning effects. Still, bidding behavior did not reflect their stated intention of paying a price premium for local solar energy. The market outcomes reveal that P2P energy markets can indeed have a positive impact on balancing demand and supply, thereby addressing the fundamental challenge of distributed renewable energy systems. Collapse

Topics: peer-to-peer model web application willingness to pay price management online auction

Methods: survey field study simulation survey design experiment

Autonomous Multi-Stage Flexible OPF for Active Distribution Systems with DERs

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Meliopoulos, Sakis; Zhong, Chiyang; Cokkinides, George; Xie, Boqi; Dalton, Catherine; Myrda, Paul; Farantatos, Evangelos

Abstract: The variability of renewable resources creates challenges in the operation and c ... Expand

Abstract: The variability of renewable resources creates challenges in the operation and control of power systems. One way to cope with this issue is to use the flexibility of customer resources in addition to utility resources to mitigate this variability. We present an approach that autonomously optimizes the available distributed energy resources (DERs) of the system to optimally balance generation and load and/or levelize the voltage profile. The method uses a dynamic state estimator which is continuously running on the system providing the real-time dynamic model of the system and operating condition. At user selected time intervals, the real-time model and operating condition is used to autonomously assemble a multi-stage optimal power flow in which customer energy resources are represented with their controls, allowing the use of customer flexibility to be part of the solution. Customer DERs may include photovoltaic rooftops with controllable inverters, batteries, thermostatically controlled loads, smart appliances, etc. The paper describes the autonomous formation of the Multi-Stage Flexible Optimal Power Flow and the solution of the problem, and presents sample results. Collapse

Methods: computational algorithm simulation linear optimization descriptive statistic chi squared test

Decentralized Multi-Agent System Applied to the Decision Making Process of the Microgrid Restoration Procedure towards Sustainability

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Rokrok, Ebrahim; Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Osório, Gerardo; Carvalho, João; Catalão, João P S

Abstract: A significant procedure to ensure the consumer supply is Power System Restoratio ... Expand

Abstract: A significant procedure to ensure the consumer supply is Power System Restoration (PSR). Due to the increase of the number of distributed generators in the grid, it is possible to shift from the conventional PSR to a new strategy involving the use of distributed energy resources (DER). In this paper, a decentralized multiagent system (MAS) is proposed to cope with the restoration procedure in a microgrid (MG). Each agent is assigned to a specific consumer or microsource (MS), communicating with other agents at every stage of the restoration procedure so that a common decision is reached. The 0/1 knapsack problem is the problem that every agent solves to determine the best load connection sequence during the restoration of the MG. Two different case studies are used to test the MAS on a dynamically modeled benchmark MG: a total blackout and a partial blackout. Regarding the partial blackout case, demand response emergency programs are considered to manage the loads in the MG. The MAS is developed in Matlab/Simulink environment and by performing the corresponding dynamic simulations it is possible to validate this system towards sustainability. Collapse

Methods: simulation case study knapsack problem computational algorithm

Framing Microgrid Design from a Business and Information Systems Engineering Perspective

2019 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 8

Authors: Sachs, Thomas; Gründler, Anna; Rusic, Milos; Fridgen, Gilbert

Abstract: Microgrids are decentralized distribution networks that integrate distributed en ... Expand

Abstract: Microgrids are decentralized distribution networks that integrate distributed energy resources and balance energy generation and loads locally. The introduction of microgrids can help overcome the challenges of global energy systems. Despite this potential, the information systems domain has seen limited research on microgrids. This paper synthesizes research on elements of microgrids for electric energy. Interviewed experts maintain that technological microgrid solutions have been solidly developed; nevertheless, the lack of economic and business consideration is stalling their deployment. The authors argue that business and information systems engineering research can provide integrated perspectives that connect technology and markets. Consequently, the authors derive a framework from an extensive interdisciplinary literature review that structures the academic state of the art on microgrid design and could guide associated information systems research. The framework comprises four layers: energy technology and infrastructure, information and communication infrastructure, application systems, and governance. The authors evaluate the framework in interviews with 15 experts from industry and three from academia. Their feedback allows to iteratively refine the framework and point out research directions on microgrids in business and information systems engineering. Collapse

Topics: energy information system TOGAF database system climate change non volatile memory

Methods: qualitative interview literature study expert evaluation reference modelling survey

The Value of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to the Grid: Introductionto the concepts of Marginal Capital Cost and Locational Marginal Value

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Tabors, Richard; Masiello, Ralph; Caramanis, Michael C.; Andrianesis, Panagiotis

Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are argued to be a significant benefit to th ... Expand

Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are argued to be a significant benefit to the electric utility grid. While DERs generate significant benefits to their owners and as well as society, the compensation and operating structure of the distribution system of most utilities is such that DERs result in minimal benefits to the distribution system. As we show, the benefits correctly attributed to the distribution company (the wires company) are a function of what service (real, reactive power) the DER is able to provide, when and where, and at what level of certainty the DER is able to provide the service. We introduce the concepts of Marginal Cost of Capacity (MCC) and Locational Marginal Value (LMV) in the calculation of the value of DERs to the distribution system. Collapse

Topics: procurement management price management

Methods: optimization model

Coordination of DERs in Microgrids with Cybersecure Resilient Decentralized Secondary Frequency Control

2018 | HICSS | Citations: 6

Authors: Liu, Hao Jan; Backes, Matthew; Macwan, Richard; Valdes, Alfonso

Abstract: Microgrids are emerging as an important strategy to advance resiliency of modern ... Expand

Abstract: Microgrids are emerging as an important strategy to advance resiliency of modern electric power systems. In this paper, a robust decentralized secondary frequency control design for islanded microgrids is developed to enable resilient coordination and integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). We cast the control problem centrally under steady state and adopt the feedback-based Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for solving the decentralized control updates. The ADMM algorithm uses measurements at various points in the system to solve for control signals. Measurements and control commands are sent over communication networks such as Ethernet-based local area networks in the IEC 61850 standard. To enhance the robustness to cyber intrusions, we modify the ADMM algorithm using the Round-Robin technique to detect malicious DERs. As a complementary defense, an agreement algorithm based on a fast computation of Kirchhoff law conditions is implemented for continuously detecting false measurements. The results are demonstrated through simulation for a representative microgrid topology. Collapse

Topics: Ethernet IT security threat

Methods: computational algorithm simulation optimization model case study system dynamics

A Vision for Co-optimized T&D System Interaction with Renewables and Demand Response

2017 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Anderson, Lindsay; Zephyr, Luckny; Cardell, Judy

Abstract: The evolution of the power system to the reliable, efficient and sustainable syst ... Expand

Abstract: The evolution of the power system to the reliable, efficient and sustainable system of the future will involve development of both demand- and supply-side technology and operations. The use of demand response to counterbalance the intermittency of renewable generation brings the consumer into the spotlight. Though individual consumers are interconnected at the low-voltage distribution system, these resources are typically modeled as variables at the transmission network level. In this paper, a vision for cooptimized interaction of distribution systems, or microgrids, with the high-voltage transmission system is described. In this framework, microgrids encompass consumers, distributed renewables and storage. The energy management system of the microgrid can also sell (buy) excess (necessary) energy from the transmission system. Preliminary work explores price mechanisms to manage the microgrid and its interactions with the transmission system. Collapse

Topics: price management system reliability

Methods: simulation sensitivity analysis optimization model experiment case study

The Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on the Bulk Power System: A Deeper Dive

2017 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Birk, Michael; Tabors, Richard

Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaics (PV), electric ... Expand

Abstract: Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaics (PV), electric storage and electric vehicles, demand response, combined heat and power, wind, fuel cells, and micro-turbines are typically installed on the low or medium voltage distribution network. Changes on the distribution network can have rippling effects throughout the rest of the power system. In this paper, we have calculated both traditional locational marginal prices (LMPs) and distributed locational marginal prices (DLMPs) using an optimal power flow (DC OPF). This paper provides an analysis of the energy price impacts resulting from significant additions of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), namely solar PV, electric batteries and demand response, in a distribution feeder. The impact is measured in terms of nodal approximations to DLMPs, realistic calculation of LMPs in the transmission system and overall price suppression effects that trickle down to consumers on the feeder. Policy implications are drawn concerning the potential impacts of penetration of DER on future planning, and operation of the power system as well as on energy markets and the environment. Collapse

Topics: energy information system

Methods: simulation case study

Coordinating Heterogeneous Distributed Energy Resources for Provision of Frequency Regulation Services

2017 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Hughes, Justin T; Domınguez-Garcıa, Alejandro D; Poolla, Kameshwar

Abstract: We discuss a framework for coordinating the response of distributed energy resou ... Expand

Abstract: We discuss a framework for coordinating the response of distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to electric power distribution networks to provide frequency regulation services. These resources include plug-in electric vehicles, thermostatically controlled loads, and microturbines. In this framework, we consider an aggregator that participates in the real-time market by submitting an offer to provide frequency regulation services. If the offer is accepted, the aggregator needs to coordinate the response of a set of DERs. The DERs are compensated through bilateral contracts, the terms of which are negotiated in advance. The DER coordination problem the aggregator is faced with is cast as an optimal control problem, and we propose a bilayer framework to obtain a sub-optimal solution. In the first layer, we utilize model-predictive control techniques driven by regulation signal forecasts and parameter estimates to obtain a reference control signal for the DERs. A second control layer provides closed-loop regulation around the reference computed by the top layer, which minimizes the error that arises due to forecast error, plant-model mismatch, and the slower speed of the optimal control. Collapse

Topics: non volatile memory decision making

Methods: simulation case study optimization model

Power Systems 2.0: Designing an Energy Information System for Microgrid Operation

2014 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Brandt, Tobias

Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate the contribution of information systems towards a s ... Expand

Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate the contribution of information systems towards a sustainable and reliable power supply. Following a Design Science approach we develop an information system for microgrid operation at a U.S. army base. Microgrids enable an improved integration of distributed renewable energy sources and increase the robustness of the overall power grid. The microgrid in this study contains extensive photovoltaic generation, the energy demand of the base, as well as energy storage. The information system we design controls and optimizes microgrid operations under uncertainty, as well as physical and organizational constraints. Using real-world data to evaluate the system, we show that it substantially increases the amount of clean photovoltaic energy that can be generated while simultaneously decreasing energy costs of the base. Thereby, we are able to improve the ecological and economic efficiency of the microgrid. Collapse

Topics: energy information system requirements analysis systems design environmental sustainability systems evaluation

Methods: design artifact case study linear regression analysis design science computational algorithm