Design Principles for National Innovation Agencies in Social Market Economies

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Lehmann, David M.; Salenius, Viktor M.

Abstract: This paper reports on a design science research project that develops a design f ... Expand

Abstract: This paper reports on a design science research project that develops a design framework for national innovation agencies in line with the principles and values of the social market economy. The study conceptually examines the tension between the state’s interventions in the economic process to foster technology-based innovation and the social market economy’s pursuit of a privilege-free and competitive economic order. The chosen design science approach encompasses five steps: problem definition, diagnosis, solution design, evaluation, and learning. Based on the design requirements and case studies of four existing national innovation agencies, the study suggests twelve design principles for national innovation agencies. Drawing on feedback from leading German economists, the paper proposes general lessons for implementing innovation policies in social market economies, using the CIMO logic. This study contributes to the knowledge base on how to support technology-based innovation through national innovation agencies and provides practical implications for policymakers and innovation agency executives. Collapse

Topics: innovation management decision making technology diffusion knowledge base

Methods: design science design principle case study design framework qualitative interview

A Self-Regulated Learning Approach to Educational Recommender Design

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: McNett, Alicia; Noteboom, Cherie

Abstract: The field of education has the potential to better facilitate student learning ... Expand

Abstract: The field of education has the potential to better facilitate student learning by employing educational recommenders that adapt the learning process to the needs of individual learners. While existing research has shown promise and explores a variety of types of educational recommenders, there is currently a lack of research that ties educational theory to the design of these systems. The theory considered here, selfregulated learning, focuses on putting students in control of their learning and is appropriate in situations where learning is autonomous. This research proposes a design science approach to investigate a theoretical base of self-regulated learning (SRL) for a knowledge-based recommender design framework. Existing research on knowledge-based recommender design with an inclusion of an ontology component will guide development of this artifact. Anticipated results include the formation of design principles to inform the creation of SRL guided recommenders for both practical applications and future research. Collapse

Topics: IS problem

Methods: survey computational algorithm design science machine learning design principle

Theories: theory of task technology fit information systems theory learning theory

A framework for applying ethics-by-design to decision support systems for emergency management

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Nussbaumer, Alexander; Pope, Andrew; Neville, Karen

Abstract: The development and utilisation of new information and communication technologie ... Expand

Abstract: The development and utilisation of new information and communication technologies presents opportunities and risks, which bring ethical issues to the forefront. Any attempt to minimise the potential negative consequences to individuals, organisations and society resulting from the use of these technologies is challenging. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents an ethics-by-design approach that has been developed and implemented in the context of Decision Supports Systems for Emergency Management. Such systems help manage large and cross-border disasters by supporting decision makers to respond on emergencies in a reasonable way by taking follow-up actions into account. The approach taken in this paper specifically provides means to support the ethical dimensions of these decisions. Actions taken during disasters can have ramifications that persist long after a disaster has passed. The ethics-by-design approach presented here not only informs the design of systems, but also considers the role and training of the decision makers in the design process. The paper builds on the literature on ethics in information systems and makes a contribution to theory by providing a framework to ensure ethical considerations are embedded into the design of systems. Collapse

Topics: decision support system systems design decision making research and development privacy

Methods: focus group design process literature study design principle design framework

Unlocking the Power of Voice for Financial Risk Prediction: A Theory-Driven Deep Learning Design Approach

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Yang, Yi; Qin, Yu; Fan, Yangyang; Zhang, Zhongju

Abstract: Unstructured multimedia data (text and audio) provides unprecedented opportunit ... Expand

Abstract: Unstructured multimedia data (text and audio) provides unprecedented opportunities to derive actionable decision-making in the financial industry, in areas such as portfolio and risk management. However, due to formidable methodological challenges, the promise of business value from unstructured multimedia data has not materialized. In this study, we use a design science approach to develop DeepVoice, a novel nonverbal predictive analysis system for financial risk prediction, in the setting of quarterly earnings conference calls. DeepVoice forecasts financial risk by leveraging not only what managers say (verbal linguistic cues) but also how managers say it (vocal cues) during the earnings conference calls. The design of DeepVoice addresses several challenges associated with the analysis of nonverbal communication. We also propose a two-stage deep learning model to effectively integrate managers' sequential vocal and verbal cues. Using a unique dataset of 6,047 earnings call samples (audio recordings and textual transcripts) of S&P 500 firms across four years, we show that DeepVoice yields remarkably lower risk forecast errors than that achieved by previous efforts. The improvement can also translate into nontrivial economic gains in options trading. The theoretical and practical implications of analyzing vocal cues are discussed.Challenge 1: Time variation. Managers' vocal features can vary substantially during conference calls. For example, during the presentation section, when the manager is reading a forward-looking statement, the voice pitch may be quite stable. However, individuals' vocal cues may change as a result of being nervous, uncertain, or excited (Scherer et al., 1991). As such, in the question-answer section, when the manager is being scrutinized by analysts, the voice pitch may change. Mayew et al. (2020) found that the voice pitch of managers during dialogues with analysts is lower by about 4 Hz, on average, compared to their voice pitch during presentation sessions. Therefore, the time-varying patterns of managers' vocal cues may contain useful information. However, prior studies have ignored the time-varying pattern of managers' vocal cues in earnings conference calls (Mayew et al., 2020;, and it is unclear how a predictive model could effectively summarize time-varying vocal sequences.Challenge 2: Vocal-verbal integration. According to nonverbal communication theory (Mehrabian, 1972), vocal cues play a key role in nonverbal communication, as they can either affirm or discredit a message. For example, if a manager claims the company has strong future growth but uses a pessimistic tone of voice, market participants listening to the conference call may spot the irregularity and interpret the verbal message differently. This implies that to accurately gauge the information contained in managers' communication, one should integrate verbal language with the accompanying vocal cues. However, existing computational models (Poria et al., 2017) are limited in terms of integrating these two different communication channels (i.e., vocal and verbal).Challenge 3: Vocal complexity. Identifying the specific acoustic constructs from voice is a complex process, and the literature is still evolving without any consensus on an appropriate model for measuring affective states, emotions, and trust (Mayew & Venkatachalam, 2013). There is also little agreement about how a speaker's vocal cues should be combined to identify emotional states (Schuller, 2010)-e.g., which vocal cues to investigate and measure and how much weight to place on each vocal cue. As a result, attempts to develop constructs from vocal cues may suffer from high measurement errors. Collapse

Topics: database system enterprise information system website accounting social media

Methods: deep learning experiment meta design machine learning design artifact

Theories: transaction cost economics communication theory

Explaining the Outcomes of Social Gamification: A Longitudinal Field Experiment

2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Zhang, Jun; Jiang, Qiqi; Zhang, Wenping; Kang, Lele; Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Zhang, Xiong

Abstract: Social gamification, which allows technology users to interact with each other i ... Expand

Abstract: Social gamification, which allows technology users to interact with each other in gamified tasks, has drawn increasing interest due to its effectiveness in facilitating users' game engagement and task efforts. In social gamification, users can compete or cooperate with other users or teams to complete game tasks and achieve game goals. However, it remains unclear how various social interaction mechanisms (SIMs), such as cooperation, interpersonal competition, and intergroup competition, influence gamification outcomes when they are separately or jointly implemented. In addition, the effects of SIMs on experiential and instrumental gamification outcomes have not been well differentiated. In this study, we systematically investigate the influences of these fundamental SIMs, as well as the possible interaction effects among them, on fitness app users' game engagement and fitness behavior. Using a fitness app custom-developed for the Chinese market, Fitness Castle, we conducted a longitudinal field experiment to test our proposed model and hypotheses. The results indicate that when separately implemented, cooperation and interpersonal competition can lead to differential instrumental gamification outcomes in the fitness context. We also systematically compare the differential gamification outcomes when cooperation, interpersonal competition, and intergroup competition are combined in various coopetition settings. Our study offers a theory-based framework and design principles for social gamification. Our findings help practitioners better design SIMs in their gamified technologies with the purpose of achieving optimal experiential and instrumental gamification outcomes simultaneously. Collapse

Topics: gamification mobile application pandemic geographic information system electronic mail

Methods: field experiment experimental group longitudinal research design artifact survey

Free Ride in Rush-hour Traffic – Designing Gamified Smart Mobility Systems for Sustainable Use

2022 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Anschütz, Christian; Ebner, Katharina; Smolnik, Stefan

Abstract: A large proportion of traffic congestion can be attributed to daily commute. Wh ... Expand

Abstract: A large proportion of traffic congestion can be attributed to daily commute. While smart mobility systems (SMSs) intend to address the resulting challenges by actively changing users' behavior, many SMSs suffer from users' meaningful engagement. Research and practice have started examining engagement factors in order to increase meaningful engagement with SMSs. The question of how traffic participants can be continuously involved with SMSs to sustainably change their behavior has not been answered satisfactorily yet. In our paper, we identify relevant gamification elements suitable to improve meaningful engagement based on a literature study and market analysis. We used a design science approach to derive design requirements. Building on these, we assume comprehensive design principles and used them to derive initial design features. With these, we started a first feature configuration and a prototypical app implementation towards designing a sustainable SMS. Collapse

Topics: mobile application gamification smart city personalization usability

Methods: design artifact literature study survey design principle design science

Increasing user engagement on blockchain applications through persuasive design

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Knott, Manuel; Mayer, Anne-Sophie; Strich, Franz; Fiedler, Marina

Abstract: Blockchain gives rise to many new applications and use cases and has already mar ... Expand

Abstract: Blockchain gives rise to many new applications and use cases and has already markedly changed several industries, such as financial services, energy and utilities, or healthcare. Although blockchain could potentially be used disruptively for end-user applications as well, utilizing it remains poor. It appears that the unconvincing design of many end-user blockchain applications leads to insufficient user engagement. To investigate the influence of design aspects on users’ engagement of blockchain end-user applications, we developed a blockchain application for the creative industries based on the principles of persuasive design. Hereby, we aim to contribute to research in the blockchain context on how end-user applications need to be designed to increase user engagement. By using a design science research process, we can ultimately provide a total of seven recommendations for developing persuasive blockchain applications for end-users. Collapse

Topics: blockchain mobile application website Telegram Twitter

Methods: qualitative interview design science design process design principle theoretical contribution

Assessing and Enhancing Adversarial Robustness of Predictive Analytics: An Empirically Tested Design Framework

2022 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 4

Authors: Li, Weifeng; Chai, Yidong

Abstract: As predictive analytics increasingly applies supervised machine learning (SML) m ... Expand

Abstract: As predictive analytics increasingly applies supervised machine learning (SML) models to inform mission-critical decision-making, adversaries become incentivized to exploit the vulnerabilities of these SML models and mislead predictive analytics into erroneous decisions. Due to the limited understanding and awareness of such adversarial attacks, the predictive analytics knowledge and deployment need a principled technique for adversarial robustness assessment and enhancement. In this research, we leverage the technology threat avoidance theory as the kernel theory and propose a research framework for assessing and enhancing the adversarial robustness of predictive analytics applications. We instantiate the proposed framework by developing a robust text classification system, the ARText system. The proposed system is rigorously evaluated in comparison with benchmark methods on two tasks extensively enabled by SML: spam review detection and spam email detection, which then confirmed the utility and effectiveness of our ARText system. Results from numerous experiments revealed that our proposed framework could significantly enhance the adversarial robustness of predictive analytics applications. Collapse

Topics: email spam electronic mail artificial intelligence decision making risk management

Methods: machine learning ensemble learning experiment computational algorithm meta design

Theories: technology threat avoidance theory

Designing a feature selection method based on explainable artificial intelligence

2022 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 7

Authors: Zacharias, Jan; von Zahn, Moritz; Chen, Johannes; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) systems make predictions in numerous high ... Expand

Abstract: Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) systems make predictions in numerous high stakes domains, including credit-risk assessment and medical diagnostics. Consequently, AI systems increasingly affect humans, yet many state-of-the-art systems lack transparency and thus, deny the individual’s “right to explanation”. As a remedy, researchers and practitioners have developed explainable AI, which provides reasoning on how AI systems infer individual predictions. However, with recent legal initiatives demanding comprehensive explainability throughout the (development of an) AI system, we argue that the pre-processing stage has been unjustifiably neglected and should receive greater attention in current efforts to establish explainability. In this paper, we focus on introducing explainability to an integral part of the pre-processing stage: feature selection. Specifically, we build upon design science research to develop a design framework for explainable feature selection. We instantiate the design framework in a running software artifact and evaluate it in two focus group sessions. Our artifact helps organizations to persuasively justify feature selection to stakeholders and, thus, comply with upcoming AI legislation. We further provide researchers and practitioners with a design framework consisting of meta-requirements and design principles for explainable feature selection. Collapse

Topics: shapley additive explanation explainable artificial intelligence artificial intelligence evaluation criteria ease of use

Methods: design principle design artifact design framework design science focus group

Leading Agents or Stewards? Exploring Design Principles for Empowerment through Workplace Technologies

2021 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gierlich-Joas, Maren; Zieglmeier, Valentin; Neuburger, Rahild; Hess, Thomas

Abstract: Workplace technologies lead to increasing levels of transparency for managers a ... Expand

Abstract: Workplace technologies lead to increasing levels of transparency for managers and employees. On the one hand, transparency facilitates novel styles of work, but on the other hand, it drives employee privacy concerns. Despite the technical possibilities to monitor employees, workforce demands empowerment leadership and challenges the assumptions from agency theory. Thus, following a design science research process and collaborating closely with the software provider SoftCo over three years, we aim to develop a suitable technical solution to the changing needs. We build on the knowledge base of stewardship theory, the concept of transparency, and existing market solutions. The design cycles are driven by literature search and empirical investigations, such as qualitative interviews at SoftCo. In this research-in-progress paper, we derive design requirements, design principles, and design features for digital leadership innovations that facilitate stewardship behavior and outline our further research agenda. Collapse

Topics: knowledge base research and development innovation management IT leadership software developer

Methods: qualitative interview literature study design science design requirement design artifact

Theories: stewardship theory lemon market theory