Blockchain Use Case in Ballistics and Crime Gun Tracing and Intelligence: Toward Overcoming Gun Violence

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Akello, Patricia; Vemprala, Naga; Lang Beebe, Nicole; Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standi ... Expand

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standing public safety concern and a security threat, due to violent gun-related crimes, injuries, and fatalities. Although legislators and lawmakers have attempted to mitigate its threats through legislation, research on gun violence confirms the need for a comprehensive approach to gun violence prevention. This entails addressing the problem in as many ways as possible, such as through legislation, new technological advancements, re-engineering supply, and administrative protocols, among others. The research focuses on the technological, supply, and administrative aspects, in which we propose a manner of managing gun-related data efficiently from the point of manufacture/sale, as well as at points of transfers between secondary sellers for the improvement of criminal investigation processes. Making data more readily available with greater integrity will facilitate successful investigations and prosecutions of gun crimes. Currently, there is no single and uniform platform for firearm manufacturers, dealers, and other stakeholders involved in firearm sales, dissemination, management, and investigation. With the help of Blockchain technology, gun registry, ownership, transfers, and, most importantly, investigations, when crimes occur, can all be managed efficiently, breaking the cycle of gun violence. The identification of guns, gun tracing, and identification of gun owners/possessors rely on accuracy, integrity, and consistency in related systems to influence gun crime investigation processes. Blockchain technology, which uses a consensus-based approach to improve processes and transactions, is demonstrated in this study as a way to enhance these procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore and demonstrate the utility of Blockchain for gun-related criminal investigations using a design science approach. Collapse

Topics: blockchain criminality smart contract Ethereum access control

Methods: design artifact design science design process case study simulation

Someone Else to Blame: The Effectiveness of Egocentric and Alter-Centric Impression Management Tactics in the U.S. Food Retail Industry

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Diestre, Luis; Montauti, Martina; Pinto de Sousa, Helena

Abstract: We investigate the effectiveness of two types of impression management tactics i ... Expand

Abstract: We investigate the effectiveness of two types of impression management tactics implemented around negative attributes: egocentric (claiming the absence or low presence of a negative attribute in a focal organization) and alter-centric tactics (claiming the greater presence of a negative attribute in an organization’s competitor). We claim that the effectiveness of each tactic depends on the risk of audiences’ skepticism, which stems from the incongruence between the information conveyed in the tactic and audiences’ default expectations about the presence of the attribute among members of a given market segment. Audiences expect a conspicuous presence of the attribute, we propose, the more stakeholders contest a market segment for that very attribute. Thus, we advance that egocentric (alter-centric) tactics are less likely to be effective for contested (uncontested) attributes because the information conveyed in such tactics clashes with audiences’ default expectations, triggering skepticism. We find support for our predictions looking at the impact of nutrient content claims on product sales in the U.S. food retail industry between 2006 and 2015. Funding: H. Pinto de Sousa acknowledges the support, in the form of a research scholarship, granted by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia), under the European Social Fund and the Human Capital Operational Program (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) funding program [Grant SFRH/BD/128536/2017]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1612. Collapse

Topics: database system marketing management Twitter social influence sensemaking

Methods: experimental group survey descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test probit regression

Influencing Factors for the Adoption of Speech Assistance in Manufacturing

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Klingner, Philipp; Scharfe, Philipp

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of speech assistan ... Expand

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of speech assistants in the private environment. Although such assistance systems would also be beneficial for manufacturing (for example, because workers have their hands free), speech assistants have not yet been widely used in the industrial environment. Against this background, we develop in this article a model with factors that influence the decision of industrial firms whether to adopt speech assistance for manufacturing. In order to do so, we rely on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and by interviewing 10 experts from firms that develop or use speech assistance solutions. Our model consists of 17 context factors that influence whether companies adopt speech assistance in manufacturing. Collapse

Topics: data integrity data protection computer data storage privacy

Methods: qualitative interview machine learning natural language processing personal interview

Theories: theory of everything

Through the Lens of Cognitive Functions and Contextual Factors – A Study of the Action Potentials of Artificial Intelligence in Business Process Management

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Meierhöfer, Simon; Dorner, Claudius-Merlin

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most prevalent technologic ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most prevalent technological breakthroughs. The nature of AI provides a multitude of action potentials in business process management (BPM). However, the diversity and complexity of underlying tools and methods of AI make it difficult for organizations to determine appropriate use cases in business processes, the central unit of BPM. At this point, organizations lack knowledge on how to conceptualize the use of AI in BPM. Against this background, we investigate the action potentials of individual cognitive functions of AI across different contextual factors of business processes by combining an online survey with an interview study by means of a mixed-methods approach. The results provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of the action potentials of AI in BPM. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence business process management brainstorming data integrity video conference

Methods: survey qualitative interview mixed method personal interview

Theories: core competency theory

A Suggested Blockchain Architecture for Healthcare Data Sharing

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Wickramasinghe, Professor Nilmini; Ulapane, Nalika; Andargoli, Amirhossein Eslami; Miltner, Jan; Logt, Jule van de; Kraus, Mathias; Bodendorf, Freimut

Abstract: In today's knowledge economy, healthcare generates massive amounts of highly se ... Expand

Abstract: In today's knowledge economy, healthcare generates massive amounts of highly sensitive data ranging from genomic data to medical records that are central for clinical knowledge discovery and decision making. However, storage and sharing of these health data has led to several challenges most notably around ownership, privacy, data breaches and data theft. Intelligent digital transformation of healthcare is required to overcome these challenges by storing and sharing such health data responsibly and securely. In recent years, blockchain, particularly private blockchain, has been explored as a technology to address some of these issues in various industries. Blockchain developments in the healthcare sector are still very nascent. To address this key void, we proffer a generic private blockchain platform for healthcare to address the growing data challenges. We adopt the design science research methodology in our work. In this paper, we present our proffered model and the proposed blockchain architecture. Collapse

Topics: blockchain user interface electronic health record anonymity decision support system

Methods: design science computational algorithm structured literature research design process experiment

Enabling Efficient Deduplication and Secure Decentralized Public Auditing for Cloud Storage: A Redactable Blockchain Approach

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Mishra, Rahul; Ramesh, Dharavath; Kanhere, Salil S.; Edla, Damodar Reddy

Abstract: Public auditing and data deduplication are integral considerations in providing ... Expand

Abstract: Public auditing and data deduplication are integral considerations in providing efficient and secure cloud storage services. Nevertheless, the traditional data deduplication models that support public auditing can endure the enormous waste of storage and computation resources induced through data redundancy and repeated audit work by multiple tenants on trusted third-party auditor (TPA). In this work, we introduce blockchain-based secure decentralized public auditing in a decentralized cloud storage with an efficient deduplication model. We employ blockchain to take on the task of centralized TPA, which also mitigates the implications of malicious blockchain miners by using the concept of a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Specifically, we employ the idea of redactability for blockchain to handle often neglected security issues that would adversely affect the integrity of stored auditing records on blockchain in decentralized auditing models. However, the proposed model also employs an efficient deduplication scheme to attain adequate storage savings while preserving the users from data loss due to duplicate faking attacks. Moreover, the detailed concrete security analysis demonstrates the computational infeasibility of the proposed model against proof-of-ownership, duplicate faking attack (DFA), collusion attack, storage free-riding attack, data privacy, and forgery attack with high efficiency. Finally, the comprehensive performance analysis shows the scalability and feasibility of the proposed model. Collapse

Topics: blockchain data encryption outsourcing cloud computing cloud storage

Methods: experiment computational algorithm mixed method business process modeling

Behavioral economics in information systems research: Critical analysis and research strategies

2022 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 6

Authors: Arnott, David; Gao, Shijia

Abstract: Theories of decision-making have long been important foundations for information ... Expand

Abstract: Theories of decision-making have long been important foundations for information systems research and much of the information system is concerned with information processing for decision-making. The discipline of behavioral economics provides the dominant contemporary approach for understanding human decision-making. Therefore, it is logical that information systems research that involves decision-making should consider behavioral economics as a foundation or reference theory. Surprisingly, and despite calls for greater use of behavioral economics in information systems research, it seems that information systems has been slow to adopt contemporary behavioral economics as reference theory. This article reports a critical analysis of behavioral economics in all fields of information systems based on an intensive investigation of quality information systems research using bibliometric content analysis. The analysis shows that information systems researchers have a general understanding of behavioral economics, but their use of the theories has an ad hoc feel where only a narrow range of behavioral economic concepts and theories tend to form the foundation of information systems research. The factors constraining the adoption of behavioral economic theories in information systems are discussed and strategies for the use of this influential foundation theory are proposed. Guidance is provided on how behavioral economics could be used in various aspects of information systems. The article concludes with the view that behavioral economic reference theory has the potential to transform significant areas of information systems research. Collapse

Topics: electronic commerce decision making decision support system marketing management IS discipline

Methods: literature sample literature study qualitative content analysis experiment survey

Theories: prospect theory behavioral economics theory of bounded rationality dual-system theory behavioral theory

Tackling Challenges of Robustness Measures for Autonomous Agent Collaboration in Open Multi-Agent Systems

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Jin, David; Kannengießer, Niclas; Sturm, Benjamin; Sunyaev, Ali

Abstract: Open multi-agent systems (OMASs) allow autonomous agents (AAs) to collaborate in ... Expand

Abstract: Open multi-agent systems (OMASs) allow autonomous agents (AAs) to collaborate in coalitions to accomplish complex tasks (e.g., swarm robots exploring new terrain). In OMASs, AAs can arbitrarily join and leave the network. Thus, AAs must often collaborate with unknown AAs that may corrupt coalitions, leading to less robust systems. However, measures to improve robustness of OMASs are subject to challenges, decreasing their effectiveness. To understand how to improve coalition robustness in OMASs and address challenges of existing robustness measures, we carried out a literature review and revealed three types of robustness measures (i.e., collaboration coordination, normative control, and reliability prediction). Moreover, we found 21 challenges for the identified robustness measures and 24 corresponding solutions. By carrying out this literature review, we forge new connections between existing measures and identify challenges and measures that apply to multiple existing measures. Hereby, our work supports more robust collaborations between AAs in open systems. Collapse

Topics: knowledge base distributed ledger technology online reputation system identity management data integrity

Methods: literature study machine learning qualitative content analysis

Online communities and discontinuance of information technology-enabled on-demand workers: Impacts of informal social interactions through dual commitments

2022 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Nwafor, Onyi; Ma, Xiao; Hou, Jinghui (Jove); Johnson, Norman

Abstract: The on-demand economy (or gig economy) is touted “the future of work” characteri ... Expand

Abstract: The on-demand economy (or gig economy) is touted “the future of work” characterized by heterogeneous la­ borers “on the cloud.” Turnover intention (TI) models have been developed to describe employees in the con­ ventional settings and thus may be insufficient for understanding on-demand workers. This study aims to fill this important gap and beyond. We derive a model of discontinuance intention (DI) where job satisfaction is a prominent mediator of the effect of reward fairness. We further theorize and test how and why on-demand workers’ dual commitments toward their online communities arising from workers’ informal social in­ teractions (ISI) may create boundary conditions for the mediating role of job satisfaction. Data were collected from a large sample of 1493 on-demand workers over a four-year span and facilitated the analysis of a moderated mediation model. Results indicate that job satisfaction largely mediates a negative relationship between workers’ perceptions that their rewards are just (i.e., fairness of rewards) and their intention to discontinue work for the on-demand firm. Moreover, workers’ dual commitments toward their online peer communities (OPCs) disrupted this mediating effect. More interestingly, the dual commitments did not moderate the mediation path equally. Overall, our theoretical model and empirical results delineate how discontinuance intention can be affected by a parsimonious set of antecedents in the context of the on-demand economy. Collapse

Topics: platform worker job satisfaction online community organizational commitment IT personell turnover

Methods: survey descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test chi squared test partial least squares path modeling

Theories: distributive justice theory procedural justice theory big five model theory of affordance social capital theory

Establishing Data Provenance for Responsible Artificial Intelligence Systems

2022 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Werder, Karl; Ramesh, Balasubramaniam; Zhang, Rongen (Sophia)

Abstract: Data provenance, a record that describes the origins and processing of data, off ... Expand

Abstract: Data provenance, a record that describes the origins and processing of data, offers new promises in the increasingly important role of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems in guiding human decision making. To avoid disastrous outcomes that can result from bias-laden AI systems, responsible AI builds on four important characteristics: fairness, accountability, transparency, and explainability. To stimulate further research on data provenance that enables responsible AI, this study outlines existing biases and discusses possible implementations of data provenance to mitigate them. We first review biases stemming from the data's origins and pre-processing. We then discuss the current state of practice, the challenges it presents, and corresponding recommendations to address them. We present a summary highlighting how our recommendations can help establish data provenance and thereby mitigate biases stemming from the data's origins and pre-processing to realize responsible AI-based systems. We conclude with a research agenda suggesting further research avenues. Collapse

Topics: responsible artificial intelligence artificial intelligence explainable artificial intelligence data quality local interpretable model agnostic explanation

Methods: computational algorithm supervised learning