User-Centered Requirements for Augmented Reality as a Cognitive Assistant for Safety-Critical Services

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Bräker, Julia; Osterbrink, Anna; Semmann, Martin; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with ... Expand

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with exceptionally high requirements regarding knowledge and simultaneous tasks to be performed and are safety-critical. This study explores the user-centered requirements for an AR cognitive assistant in the operations of a large European maritime logistics hub. Specifically, it deals with the safety-critical service process of soil sounding. Based on fourteen think-aloud sessions during service delivery, two expert interviews, and two expert workshops, five core requirements for AR cognitive assistants in soil sounding are derived, namely (1) real-time overlay, (2) variety in displaying information, (3) multi-dimensional tracking, (4) collaboration, and (5) interaction. The study is the first one on the applicability and feasibility of AR in the maritime industry and identifies requirements that impact further research on AR use in safety-critical environments. Collapse

Topics: augmented reality logistics management mobile phone situational awareness implicit knowledge

Methods: cognitive walkthrough qualitative interview design science case study protocol analysis

Requirements for Augmented Reality Solutions for Safety-Critical Services – The Case of Water Depth Management in a Maritime Logistics Hub

2021 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Osterbrink, Anna; Bräker, Julia; Semmann, Martin; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services that ... Expand

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services that have exceptionally high requirements regarding knowledge and simultaneous tasks to be performed and are safety-critical. In such services, AR enables to augment service provision by delivering seamless integration of information in the field of view while enabling hands-free usage in the case of head-mounted displays. This study explores the user-centered requirements for AR solutions in the operations of a large European maritime logistics hub. Specifically, it deals with the process of soil sounding. Based on eleven thinkaloud sessions during service delivery, two expert interviews, and two expert workshops, we derived five core requirements for AR in soil sounding. Thus, we present the first study on the applicability and feasibility of AR in the maritime industry and identify requirements that impact further research on AR use in safety-critical environments. Collapse

Topics: logistics management augmented reality

Methods: cognitive walkthrough qualitative interview design science case study protocol analysis

Social media-based innovation: A review of trends and a research agenda

2020 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Testa, Stefania; Massa, Silvia; Martini, Antonella; Appio, Francesco Paolo

Abstract: Literature investigating social media-based innovation has grown considerably in ... Expand

Abstract: Literature investigating social media-based innovation has grown considerably in the last years, making a timely review. Accordingly, we systematically review studies of the so-called “latency phase” (2003–2013) outlining a framework based on two main actors – innovation seeker and innovation provider – and three main questions – why (determinants), how (activities), and what (outcomes). This framework is instrumental to unveil the foundational ideas and concepts, gaps, and contradictory results. On the basis of their impact and evolution in the “growth phase” (2014–2017), we outline a research agenda, suggesting research directions that remain unaddressed and deserve further study. Collapse

Topics: innovation management social media new product development idea generation web 2.0

Methods: literature sample literature study synthesis mixed method protocol analysis

Work Design in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Applications: The Role of Advice Provision Timing

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Yin, Jiamin; Ngiam, Kee Yuan; Teo, Hock-Hai

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly revolutionizing the clinic ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly revolutionizing the clinical practice in recent years, from imaging to disease screening and diagnosis to treatment planning to clinical outcome prediction. Despite the promising potential of healthcare AI, extant research has primarily focused on the development and validation of AI algorithms. In contrast, few studies have examined how to incorporate AI applications into the existing clinical workflow. More research is thus needed to understand how work design factors influence AI-aided clinical decision making. Drawing from the interpersonal advice taking literature, this study aims to investigate the effects of AI-advice provision timing (i.e., independent versus dependent timing) on physicians’ advice taking behavior and decision outcomes in a clinical diagnosis setting. We will also examine the moderating role of physician expertise. To this end, we will conduct an experiment among physicians using a novel AI-based diagnostic algorithm. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making systems development knowledge representation

Methods: computational algorithm experiment protocol analysis experimental group machine learning

Using Eye Tracking to Expose Cognitive Processes in Understanding Conceptual Models

2019 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 17

Authors: Bera, Palash; Soffer, Pnina; Parsons, Jeffrey

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the ... Expand

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the development of information systems. In two experimental studies using business process models, we demonstrate how eye tracking can contribute to understanding the cognitive processes by which readers use conceptual modeling scripts to perform problem solving tasks. In the first study, we compare scripts generated using two process modeling grammars and demonstrate how attention paid to specific parts of scripts generated using grammar variations, and differences in visual association between parts of a diagram, account for task performance. In the second study, we use a combination of eye tracking and verbal protocol analysis to examine how visual association between parts of conceptual modeling scripts can indicate cognitive integration while performing problem solving tasks. The studies show that task performance can be explained with different mental processes, reflected in specific eye tracking behavior, where scripts developed following different rules invoke different cognitive processes. We show that attention can be measured by eye tracking and can explain task performance. In addition, we show that visual association (which is observable) between parts of a modeling script involves cognitive integration (which is not observable). This finding can be used to improve conceptual modeling grammars in several ways, including understanding the effects of alternative visual arrangements of models on how effectively they communicate domain knowledge for particular tasks, and guiding the design of visual modeling notations. Collapse

Topics: task productivity problem solving decision making business process management

Methods: oculometry conceptual modelling modeling language business process model and notation protocol analysis

Theories: cognitive fit theory cognitive theory cognitive load theory

Using LIWC to choose simulation approaches: A feasibility study

2018 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: McHaney, Roger; Tako, Antuela; Robinson, Stewart

Abstract: Can language usage help determine which model approach is best suited to provide ... Expand

Abstract: Can language usage help determine which model approach is best suited to provide decision makers with desired insights? This research addresses that question through an investigation of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), which calculates the presence of >80 language dimensions in text samples, and permits construction of custom dictionaries. This article demonstrates use of LIWC to ensure better problem/model fit within the context of selecting a decision support tool. We selected two simulation tools as research instruments to investigate a broader question on the usefulness of LIWC to guide choice of DSS tool. The tools selected were System Dynamics (SD) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES). First, we tested LIWC to analyze practitioners' language use when developing models. LIWC pointed out significant linguistic differences consistent with prior theoretical work, based on model development approach in a number of dimensions. These differences provided a basis for developing a custom dictionary for use on the second part of our study. The second part of the study focused on language used by decision makers in problem statements and used the linguistic clues identified in the first part of the study to ensure problem/model fit. Results indicated problem statements contained linguistic clues related to the type of information desired by problem solvers. The article concludes with a discussion about how LIWC and similar tools can help determine which DSS tools are suited to particular applications. Collapse

Topics: decision making decision support decision support system big data problem solving

Methods: simulation descriptive statistic qualitative content analysis natural language processing linguistic analysis

Theories: cognitive complexity theory

Heuristic Principles and Differential Judgments in the Assessment of Information Quality

2017 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Arazy, Ofer; Kopak, Rick; Hadar, Irit

Abstract: Information quality (IQ) is a multidimensional construct and includes dimensions ... Expand

Abstract: Information quality (IQ) is a multidimensional construct and includes dimensions such as accuracy, completeness, objectivity, and representation that are difficult to measure. Recently, research has shown that independent assessors who rated IQ yielded high inter-rater agreement for some information quality dimensions as opposed to others. In this paper, we explore the reasons that underlie the differences in the “measurability” of IQ. Employing Gigerenzer’s “building blocks” framework, we conjecture that the feasibility of using a set of heuristic principles consistently when assessing different dimensions of IQ is a key factor driving inter-rater agreement in IQ judgments. We report on two studies. In the first study, we qualitatively explored the manner in which participants applied the heuristic principles of search rules, stopping rules, and decision rules in assessing the IQ dimensions of accuracy, completeness, objectivity, and representation. In the second study, we investigated the extent to which participants could reach an agreement in rating the quality of Wikipedia articles along these dimensions. Our findings show an alignment between the consistent application of heuristic principles and inter-rater agreement levels found on particular dimensions of IQ judgments. Specifically, on the dimensions of completeness and representation, assessors applied the heuristic principles consistently and tended to agree in their ratings, whereas, on the dimensions of accuracy and objectivity, they not apply the heuristic principles in a uniform manner and inter-rater agreement was relatively low. We discuss our findings implications for research and practice. Collapse

Topics: Wikipedia data quality decision making search engine user-generated content

Methods: cognitive walkthrough scale reliability descriptive statistic literature sample nonparametric test

Theories: cognitive theory

The Dark Side of Reviews: The Swaying Effects of Online Product Reviews on Attribute Preference Construction

2017 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 45

Authors: Liu, Qianqian Ben; Karahanna, Elena

Abstract: Based on the “wisdom of the crowd” effect, consumer-generated online reviews are ... Expand

Abstract: Based on the “wisdom of the crowd” effect, consumer-generated online reviews are supposed to help consumers make more accurate product evaluations. However, the large amount of information in the reviews, coupled with conflicting opinions, can make it difficult for consumers to identify and consider those attributes relevant to their decision. Thus, while online product reviews are generally believed to empower consumers, we suggest that they may have “swaying” effects in that attribute preferences (i.e., the relative importance consumers place on various product attributes in product evaluation) are more heavily influenced by characteristics of the online reviews rather than by the relevance of the attributes to the consumers’ decision context. We propose that three characteristics of online reviews affect the assessment of attribute preferences: (1) the amount of information about attribute-level performance, which is often unevenly distributed across attributes, (2) the degree of information conflict about attribute-level performance, and (3) the relationship between the overall numeric rating and the attribute-level performance information in the reviews. We test our hypotheses in two randomized experiments and a free simulation study. Results from the three studies show that the three review characteristics influence attribute preferences and that their effects are strong enough such that attribute preferences are influenced more by these online review characteristics than by the relevance of the attributes to the consumers’ decision context. Our work, which illustrates a dark side to online reviews, has implications for both online word-of-mouth and preference construction research. Collapse

Topics: online review website word of mouth online word of mouth user-generated content

Methods: experiment Student's t-test survey parametric test qualitative interview

Sequentiality of Product Review Information Provision: An Information Foraging Perspective

2017 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 1

Authors: Mengxiang, Li; Chuan-Hoo, Tan; Kwok-Kee, Wei; Kanliang, Wang

Abstract: The literature highlights the importance of product review information to a cons ... Expand

Abstract: The literature highlights the importance of product review information to a consumer, but limited knowledge exists on the provision of such information in a shopping website. This research uses information foraging theory (IFT) to determine how to provide product reviews. Product reviews differ according to whether the content is mainly on product attributes (i.e., attribute-oriented product reviews) or usage experience (i.e., usage-oriented product reviews). Two empirical studies were conducted. Study 1 examined consumer information diet for product reviews using the think-aloud approach. Results showed that consumers use two different genres of product review information sequentially (1) to follow product attribute-oriented review information during the screening phase and (2) to forage for product usage-oriented review information during the evaluation phase. The findings were extended to Study 2 through a field experiment, in which different patches of product reviews were purposefully and sequentially given in accordance with the consumer information diet for product reviews. The results revealed that an online shopping website could offer varying genres of product reviews at different junctures to enhance consumers’ decision-making performance. This research presents empirical evidence on the effectiveness of embedding product review information on a shopping website. This work further contributes to IFT, which is traditionally descriptive and conceptual in nature, by theorizing information provision and information-foraging behaviors of online consumers. Collapse

Topics: online review website electronic commerce decision making information storage and retrieval system

Methods: product review cognitive walkthrough qualitative coding field study design science

Theories: information foraging theory

Social networking as the production and consumption of a self

2016 | Information and Organization | Citations: 1

Authors: Fisher, Michael; Boland, Richard; Lyytinen, Kalle

Abstract: The ubiquitous use of social networking sites (SNS) has resulted in the blurring ... Expand

Abstract: The ubiquitous use of social networking sites (SNS) has resulted in the blurring of individual's private and professional social worlds. As the use of SNS in the workplace grows, it has been studied along a number of dimensions such as its impact on boundary spanning, the advancement of careers, and campaigning for projects. Earlier research on the personal use of SNS has explored user motivations and benefits of participating in SNS including social capital, status seeking, narcissism, self-esteem, and professional identity. However, these studies attempt to describe with static frameworks what we discover to be a dynamic, cyclical process of creation and consumption of self-identity. We conducted a qualitative research study using a grounded theory approach with semi-structured interviews of SNS users, discovering that the creation and consumption of user generated content (UGC) are symbolic interactions, which recursively produce and consume the users' self-identities on SNS. This cyclical framework for explaining the role of self-identity on SNS is a novel finding with broad implications for understanding the use of SNS, especially in the workplace. Collapse

Topics: Facebook user experience user behavior Friendster telephone

Methods: qualitative interview theory development grounded theory qualitative coding personal interview

Theories: theory of affordance identity theory symbolic interaction theory