Deploying Artificial Intelligence to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Technological and Ethical Considerations

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Cartwright, B.; Frank, R.; Weir, G.; Padda, K.; Strange, S.

Abstract: This paper reports on AI research into online misinformation pertaining to the ... Expand

Abstract: This paper reports on AI research into online misinformation pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic within the Canadian context. This is part of our longerterm goal, i.e., development of a machine-learning tool to assist social media platforms, online service providers and government agencies in identifying and responding to misinformation on social media. We report on predictive accuracies accomplished by applying a combination of technologies, including a custom-designed web-crawler, The Dark Crawler, the Posit toolkit, and four different machine-learning models based on Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, LibLinear and LibShortText. Overall, we found that Posit and LibShortText models showed higher levels of correlation to the pre-determined (manual and machine-driven) data classifications than the other machine-learning algorithms tested. We further argue that the harms associated with COVID-19 misinformatione.g., the social and economic damage, and the deaths and severe illnessesoutweigh the right to personal privacy and freedom of speech considerations. Collapse

Topics: misinformation Twitter Reddit social media pandemic

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm support vector machine decision tree classification random forest classification

Navigating an Interdisciplinary Approach to Cybercrime Research

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Giddens, Laurie; Petter, Stacie; Bichler, Gisela; Rivas, Pablo; Fullilove, Michael H.; Cerny, Tomas

Abstract: The internet has created new markets and enabled alternative business models for ... Expand

Abstract: The internet has created new markets and enabled alternative business models for criminal activity, such as human trafficking. Consequently, research is needed to understand the complexity, occurrence, and impact of internet-enabled crime on victims and society. Many scholars have called for interdisciplinary approaches to study and develop interventions to address a broad range of cybercrimes, but this call is challenging to implement. Therefore, we provide a confessional account of our experience associated with developing an interdisciplinary research team and conducting research related to a specific form of cybercrime, predatory crime involving deceptive or covert solicitations. Our confessional account allows us to reflect on our project and discuss the challenges we have encountered along with a discussion of how we have addressed these challenges. We offer guidance to researchers in various stages of conducting interdisciplinary research based on our experiences with a specific form of cybercrime, internet-enabled crime. Collapse

Topics: computer crime internet technology criminality database system open access

Methods: machine learning natural language processing

Introduction to the Minitrack on Cybercrime

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Hamari, Juho; Harviainen, J. Tuomas; Siuda, Piotr; Gehl, Robert

Abstract: Research on cybercrime is on the rise in many areas of internet studies, often ... Expand

Abstract: Research on cybercrime is on the rise in many areas of internet studies, often with a strong emphasis on interdisciplinarity. Hence, for HICSS-56 research is not confined to a single area, and the minitrack includes multiple disciplines and different methodologies. In response to the call for papers, seven manuscripts from a wide variety of disciplines were submitted which were then subjected to peer and editorial review. Three submissions were accepted for presentation and publication. Here, preliminary issues and accepted articles are being discussed. Collapse

Topics: computer crime mobile application wireless LAN electronic mail covid 19

Examining the Relationship between National Cybersecurity Commitment, Culture, and Digital Payment Usage: An Institutional Trust Theory Perspective

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Krishna, Ben; Krishnan, Satish; Sebastian, M. P.

Abstract: Cyberattacks can be considered one of the fundamental challenges that paralyze t ... Expand

Abstract: Cyberattacks can be considered one of the fundamental challenges that paralyze the progress of digital payment usage (DPU) progress among citizens, as consumers shun away from using digital banking services due to increased concern over information security. National Cybersecurity Commitment (NCSC) has emerged as a preventive cybersecurity mechanism for countries to tackle such cybersecurity threats. Previous studies have shown that a country's NCSC positively impacts the business and economy of the country. This study examines the effect of NCSC on digital payment usage (DPU) across nations by grounding our discussion on the institutional trust theory. As trusting belief in security measures is a culturally embedded characteristic, we also examine the moderating role of national culture through Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. We use multilevel models to analyze publicly available archives of repeated cross-sectional data covering 76 countries to test the proposed relationships. Our findings indicate that NCSC has a positive influence on DPU. Further, our results highlight that the relationship between NCSC and DPU in a country is contingent on cultural dimensions. Overall, the evidence suggests that a competent cybersecurity environment compatible with cultural values can influence the speedy diffusion of digital payments in a country. Implications of our findings for research and practice are also discussed. Collapse

Topics: IT security internet technology national culture electronic finance information system use

Methods: longitudinal research hierarchical linear modeling cross sectional research archival research time series analysis

Theories: trust theory cultural dimensions theory contingency theory theory of economic growth

Where is IT in Information Security? The Interrelationship among IT Investment, Security Awareness, and Data Breaches

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 1

Authors: Li, Wilson Weixun; Leung, Alvin; Yue, Wei

Abstract: Data breaches can severely damage a firm's reputation and its customers' confid ... Expand

Abstract: Data breaches can severely damage a firm's reputation and its customers' confidence. Firms must therefore continuously invest in security measures to prevent such breaches. However, the effectiveness of security investment has been questioned by both practitioners and academics. We illustrate the bidirectional dynamic relationship between information technology (IT) investment and data breaches moderated by threat and countermeasure security awareness using an eight-year panel of 311 U.S.-listed firms to provide empirical evidence that threat awareness broadens firms' scope for addressing databreach issues by investing more in IT than in security. Countermeasure awareness equips firms with sufficient knowledge and experience to ensure effective implementation of IT, which provides more comprehensive protection than security investment alone. Our results suggest that firms should evolve beyond the reactive mindset of solely upgrading security and begin nurturing both threat awareness and countermeasure awareness to address the underlying IT system issues that are the cause of data breaches. Collapse

Topics: IT investment data breach IT security defense data security IT security threat

Methods: longitudinal research robustness check autocorrelation analysis survey literature study

Theories: institutional theory protection motivation theory

Deepfake Valence: A Double-edged Sword

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Liang, Huigang; Chew, Shao

Abstract: Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their malicious use. Despite i ... Expand

Abstract: Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their malicious use. Despite its infamy, deepfakes can bring forth a myriad of benefits. Given the controversies around deepfake, it is unclear why people adopt this technology for various purposes. Through the lens of rational choice theory, we develop a research model to explain deepfake adoption. From the perspective of deepfake developers, we categorize deepfake usage based on two dimensions: purpose (utilitarian vs. hedonic) and valence (benevolent vs. malevolent). Deepfake adoption is driven by a risk benefit analysis which, in turn, is influenced by socioenvironmental factors. Collapse

Topics: deepfake social norm technology adoption computer crime

Methods: SEM tool survey statistical hypothesis test scale reliability field study

Theories: rational choice theory big five model

Drugs for Sale! An Analysis and Estimation of Drug Products on the Cryptomarket Ecosystem

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Liu, Shu; Frank, Richard; Warkentin, Noelle

Abstract: Cryptomarkets are marketplaces on the dark web that facilitate the sale of mostl ... Expand

Abstract: Cryptomarkets are marketplaces on the dark web that facilitate the sale of mostly illicit goods and services between vendors and buyers. There were few to no studies that examine the cryptomarket ecosystem using data from multiple cryptomarkets collected at one point in time. This study strives to fill that gap by collecting all product information from eight large or notable cryptomarkets between June 2021 and January 2022 to understand the cryptomarket drug ecosystem, the products available, and identify factors that encourage or discourage vendors from shipping internationally. The eight cryptomarkets annually trafficked an estimated 13.4 tons of drugs for $239.2 million CAD. The characteristics of drug products will be examined to determine whether it influences the vendor’s willingness to ship internationally. Larger quantities and less expensive products were more likely to be shipped internationally. Specifically, products that cost less than $50 were more likely to be able to ship internationally. Collapse

Topics: missing data spreadsheet computer crime criminality

Methods: logistic regression machine learning Student's t-test qualitative coding product review

Dynamic Capabilities in Cybersecurity Intelligence: A Meta-Synthesis to Enhance Protection Against Cyber Threats

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Pigola, Angélica; Costa, Priscila da

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: IT security data security database system innovation management IT security threat

Methods: case study synthesis design science maturity model capability maturity model integration

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory resource based view of the firm

A Taxonomy for Risk Assessment of Cyberattacks on Critical Infrastructure (TRACI)

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Plachkinova, Miloslava; Vо, Ace

Abstract: Cybercrime against critical infrastructures such as nuclear reactors, power pla ... Expand

Abstract: Cybercrime against critical infrastructures such as nuclear reactors, power plants, and dams has been increasing in frequency and severity. Recent literature regarding these types of attacks has been extensive but due to the sensitive nature of this field, there is very little empirical data. We address these issues by integrating Routine Activity Theory and Rational Choice Theory, and we create a classification tool called TRACI (Taxonomy for Risk Assessment of Cyberattacks on Critical Infrastructure). We take a Design Science Research approach to develop, evaluate, and refine the proposed artifact. We use mixed methods to demonstrate that our taxonomy can successfully capture the characteristics of various cyberattacks against critical infrastructure. TRACI consists of three dimensions, and each dimension contains its own subdimensions. The first dimension comprises hacker motivation, which can be financial, socio-cultural, thrill-seeking, and/or economic. The second dimension represents the assets such as cyber, physical, and/or cyber-physical components. The third dimension is related to threats, vulnerabilities, and controls that are fundamental to establishing and maintaining an information security posture and overall cyber resilience. Our work is among the first to utilize criminological theories and Design Science to create an empirically validated artifact for improving critical infrastructure risk management. Collapse

Topics: IT security risk management usability data security strategic management

Methods: qualitative interview survey design science personal interview design artifact

Theories: rational choice theory activity theory information systems theory utility theory

Understanding the Role of Leadership Competencies in Cyber Crisis Management: A Case Study

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Salviotti, Gianluca; Abbatemarco, Nico; De Rossi, Leonardo Maria; Bjoernland, Kaia

Abstract: The amount and severity of cyber-attacks has been constantly increasing in recen ... Expand

Abstract: The amount and severity of cyber-attacks has been constantly increasing in recent years, and the number of cyber-related organizational crises grew accordingly. Despite the relevance of the topic, the literature on the subject is still limited, especially from a non-technical point of view. In the context of leadership, traditional crisis management literature identified specific competencies that organizations can leverage to mitigate the effects of a crisis, but there is a research gap as to whether or not these capabilities make sense in a cyber crisis context. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the case of Norsk Hydro – a Norwegian company that in 2019 fell victim of a disruptive ransomware attack – through the lenses of a traditional crisis leadership model. Collapse

Topics: emergency management ransomware organization learning decision making computer crime

Methods: narrative analysis qualitative interview case study cluster analysis qualitative coding