Artificial Intelligence applications in diagnostic medicine: a decade of expectations

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cabral, Bernardo; Castro, Leonardo; Fornazin, Marcelo; Penteado, Bruno; Silva, Sandro Luís Freire de Castro; Braga, Luiza Amara Maciel; Filho, Carlos Gilbert Conte; Mota, Fabio Batista

Abstract: Considered a new paradigm in healthcare, AI is expected to change diagnostic me ... Expand

Abstract: Considered a new paradigm in healthcare, AI is expected to change diagnostic medicine in the coming decades. However, its future is still uncertain -partly because it is an emerging technology being gradually applied to a mature field of medicine. We conducted a global cross-sectional survey with more than 1,400 authors of recent scientific publications indexed by the Web of Science to foresee the future of AI in diagnostic medicine. Most respondents expect AI to change diagnostic medicine in this decade radically. In this period, the two most likely outcomes are reduced screening costs and increased diagnostic reliability. X-ray diagnosis and heart rhythm interpretation are the two diagnostic tools most likely to be integrated with AI. The two main barriers are the difficulty of incorporating it into clinical practice and the ethical-regulatory issues. Respondents' expectations align with the literature and suggest that AI may substantially change diagnostic medicine within this decade. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence electronic mail database system

Methods: survey cross sectional survey cross sectional research literature study magnetic resonance imaging

Roles of Peer Support and Perceived Organizational Support in Reducing Nonmalicious Information Security Violations: The Interacting Effect of Personal Goal Setting

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ifinedo, Princely

Abstract: Nonmalicious information security violations (NISV) that employees engage in ca ... Expand

Abstract: Nonmalicious information security violations (NISV) that employees engage in can pose a problem to organizations. The Social Cognitive Theory was used to investigate the roles of three constructs, (a) peer support, (b) perceived organizational support, and (c) personal goal setting in reducing NISV. The study also examined the interactions among the three variables. Relevant hypotheses were formulated, and survey data were obtained from 204 German workers. The partial least squares technique was used for data analysis. The results showed that the three factors could reduce employee engagement in NISV.Another key finding of the study indicates that the interaction between personal goal setting in reducing engagement in NISV and peer support significantly reduced employee participation in NISV. In contrast, the interaction between perceived organizational support and personal goal setting related to NISV avoidance did not. The implications of the study's findings for practice and contributions to research were discussed.Employees engage more in nonmalicious information security violations (e.g., visiting non-related websites and disclosing work passwords to others) than in malicious acts (e.g., sabotage or theft). Research on how to diminish such behaviors is emerging. This study contributed to that discourse by examining the roles of personal goal setting regarding avoiding NISV, peer support to shun NISV, and Peer, Organizational Support, Goal setting, and Nonmalicious Security Violations Twenty-ninth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Panama, 2023 9 perceived organizational support in reducing employee engagement in the behavior. The data confirmed the significant impact of the three factors in diminishing workers' urges to engage in such behaviors. The result also showed that the combination of personal goal setting regarding avoiding NISV and peer support to avoid such practices could engender desired outcomes. Insights generated from this current work are expected to motivate future studies on how to contain workers' participation in NISV. Collapse

Topics: IT security threat password information security policy compliance IT security website

Methods: survey descriptive statistic partial least squares path modeling structural equation modeling

Theories: social cognitive theory

Barriers to the Use of Action Research in Information Systems - A Literature Review

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Langer, Yannik; Bubeck, Johannes; Schäffer, Thomas

Abstract: The current digitalization is a disruptive, challenging process that causes a s ... Expand

Abstract: The current digitalization is a disruptive, challenging process that causes a social-technical transition in organizations. Due to that, there are more and more use cases in companies. Action research as a form of social research combines theoretical knowledge and practical execution, which is why it is suitable for current challenges. In several cycles, a literature analysis is carried out to build the knowledge base and establish hypotheses. Based on this, an action is then performed, which is subsequently analyzed, whereupon the knowledge base is expanded through literature. Since action research has not been used much in information systems so far, it is important to identify the reasons for the low use of action research in the research area of information systems. In this paper a systematic literature review was used to identify the barriers that explain the low use of action research in information systems. The findings are twelve different barriers, which are classified into three categories. The categories are "Human Factors", "Method Factors" and "Application Factors". In addition, the research paper concludes with specific implications for these three categories. Collapse

Topics: ergonomics

Methods: action research literature study literature sample structured literature research synthesis

Digital Divide in the Public Sector in Panama

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Martinez, Laura

Abstract: Digital transformation has taken over the world post pandemic, and the digital ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation has taken over the world post pandemic, and the digital divide has increased just as much. In this paper, this subject will be looked at from the perspective of the gap that continues to grow between people that are able to adapt and have access to new technologies and those that do not.The lack of scholarly research on the subject in Panama and the need to gain a deeper understanding of the issue so eventually new solutions start to emerge, is the research gap this paper aims at. Panama is a small country and one of the most technologically advanced in the Latin American region whose public sector has undergone massive digital transformation during the pandemic, thus the focus of the research. The method used, is an explorative and qualitative case study, that looks at the perceptions of the participants, to get their insight and gain more understanding. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation digital innovation digital divide innovation management IS impact

Methods: personal interview focus group case study literature study

Fairness of E-Commerce Platform Product Recommendations: Understanding Customers’ Perceived Fairness and Equity Sensitivity

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Sharma, Sachin; Singh, Vivek; Joshi, Kailash

Abstract: Recommendation systems (RSs) are artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that u ... Expand

Abstract: Recommendation systems (RSs) are artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that utilize customers' product interests or preferences in their response to product search requests. However, AI-powered RSs have been investigated for perpetuating biases. This research extends the theoretical understanding of how customers perceive the fairness of RSs and the factors that impact this perception. Although equity theory has been studied in the management literature to explain the variations in individuals' reactions towards (un)fairness of managerial and organizational decisions, its effect on the perceived fairness of AI systems such as RSs has yet to be studied. Our study extends the extant research by 1) examining how customers' sensitivity to equity impact their perceived fairness of RSs and 2) how the perceived fairness of such systems influences customers' satisfaction, attitudinal, and behavioral loyalties toward e-commerce platforms recommendation systems. Further, our study will help e-commerce managers better understand customers' psychological profiles and predict their responses to RSs (un)fairness. KeywordsRecommendation systems, equity sensitivity, perceived fairness, customer satisfaction, attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Collapse

Topics: electronic commerce recommender system customer satisfaction algorithmic bias IS impact

Methods: computational algorithm theory development theoretical contribution literature study

Theories: equity theory

The Structure of Political Institutions and Effectiveness of Corporate Political Lobbying

2015 | Organization Science | Citations: 4

Authors: Choi, Seong-Jin; Jia, Nan; Lu, Jiangyong

Abstract: This paper investigates how the structure of political institutions influences t ... Expand

Abstract: This paper investigates how the structure of political institutions influences the effectiveness of corporate political lobbying by shaping the “veto points” and “entry points” that lobbying firms encounter and require, respectively, when attempting to influence public policies; in so doing, this study deepens our understanding of the strategic implications of institutional environments. Using large-sample and cross-country firm-level data, we find that the influence of firms’ lobbying activities on public policies is weakened when there are tighter constraints generated as a result of greater political (partisan) competition and more subnational government tiers. We find that the negative association between the effectiveness of lobbying and political (partisan) competition is particularly pronounced in countries with lower electoral accountability and that the negative association between the effectiveness of lobbying and subnational government tiers is particularly pronounced in more centralized political systems. Collapse

Topics: accounting logistics management database system

Methods: hierarchical linear modeling survey propensity score method parametric test Student's t-test

Occupational Culture and Commitment in the IT Profession: A Multi-Country Perspective

2006 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Guzman, Indira; Sharif, Raed; Kwiatkowska, Agnieszka; Li, Qing

Abstract: Studies about Information Technology (IT) professionals have shown that occupati ... Expand

Abstract: Studies about Information Technology (IT) professionals have shown that occupational commitment can be influenced by several factors. However, there is little empirical evidence about the relationship between the adaptation of the cultural features of the IT occupation and the level of commitment to this occupation. In a previous research study conducted by Guzman, Stanton and associates (2006), a survey instrument was developed and initially tested on the sample of American college students in IT-related majors. In this study, the same instrument was adapted and tested on a sample of IT professionals in an international setting - Bolivia, Palestine, China, Colombia and Poland. The reliability of survey instrument turned out to be very consistent with the previous results and the adaptation to the features of the IT occupational culture (i.e. stereotyping, jargon language, unusual demands, need for continuous updating, and pervasiveness) were demonstrated to be good predictors of the commitment to the occupation. Furthermore, we also found interesting differences across countries, especially in terms of the nature and level of commitment. Collapse

Topics: IT workforce IT job job satisfaction electronic mail

Methods: survey design survey regression analysis method ANOVA parametric test

A Review of Culture in Information Systems Research: Toward a Theory of Information Technology Culture Conflict

2006 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 338

Authors: Leidner, Dorothy E.; Kayworth, Timothy

Abstract: An understanding of culture is important to the study of information technologie ... Expand

Abstract: An understanding of culture is important to the study of information technologies in that culture at various levels, including national, organizational, and group, can influence the successful implementation and use of information technology. Culture also plays a role in managerial processes that may directly, or indirectly, influence IT. Culture is a challenging variable to research, in part because of the multiple divergent definitions and measures of culture. Notwithstanding, a wide body of literature has emerged that sheds light on the relationship of IT and culture. This paper sets out to provide a review of this literature in order to lend insights into our understanding of the linkages between IT and culture. We begin by conceptualizing culture and laying the groundwork for a values-based approach to the examination of IT and culture. Using this approach, we then provide a comprehensive review of the organizational and cross-cultural IT literature that conceptually links these two traditionally separate streams of research. From our analysis, we develop six themes of IT-culture research emphasizing culture's impact on IT, IT's impact on culture, and IT culture. Building upon these themes, we then develop a theory of IT, values, and conflict. Based upon the theory, we develop propositions concerning three types of cultural conflict and the results of these conflicts. Ultimately, the theory suggests that the reconciliation of these conflicts results in a reorientation of values. We conclude with the particular research challenges posed in this line of inquiry. Collapse

Topics: IS value national culture systems development information system use organizational culture

Methods: literature study theory development ethnography literature sample grounded theory

Theories: theory of information technology culture conflict technology acceptance model organizational culture theory cultural dimensions theory

Pragmatic Fragility of Information Technology in Latin America: Case studies

2004 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Salim, Ricardo; Ferran-Urdaneta, Carlos

Abstract: Information technologies (IT) have a substantively differential effect in develo ... Expand

Abstract: Information technologies (IT) have a substantively differential effect in developed countries than in less developed countries. This is illustrated through case studies of public and private institutions from Venezuela, Brazil, and Panama. The case method is used because it provides a richer understanding of the phenomenon and because there are factors structurally linked to the lesser development that both hinder a quantitative analysis and obstruct a proper managerial analysis that would permit a similar profiting from the technology. An analysis of the commonalities in the cases shows how the theoretical concepts of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic dimension of information can be used to conceptualize why less developed countries cannot benefit from the use of IT in the same way as developed countries do. Thus, we conclude that due to the pragmatic fragility present in less developed countries, advanced IT will not reduce but increase the digital divide. Collapse

Topics: information system use digital divide electronic business

Methods: case study