Integration of Computer Vision with Analogical Reasoning for Characterizing Unknowns

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Combs, K.; Bihl, T.; Ganapathy, S.

Abstract: Current state-of-the-art artificial intelligence struggles with accurate interp ... Expand

Abstract: Current state-of-the-art artificial intelligence struggles with accurate interpretation of out-of-library (OOL) objects. One method proposed remedy is analogical reasoning (AR), which utilizes abductive reasoning to draw inferences on an unfamiliar scenario given knowledge about a similar familiar scenario. Currently, applications of visual AR gravitate toward analogy-formatted image problems rather than to computer vision data sets. The Image Recognition Through Analogical Reasoning Algorithm (IRTARA) approach described herein shows how AR can be leveraged to improve computer vision in OOL situations. IRTARA produces a word-based term frequency list that characterizes the OOL object of interest. To evaluate the quality of the results of IRTARA, both quantitative and qualitative assessments are used, including a baseline to compare the automated methods with human-generated results. Fifteen OOL objects were tested using IRTARA, which showed consistent results across all three evaluation methods on the objects that performed exceptionally well or poorly overall. Collapse

Topics: floppy disk Wikipedia Python ergonomics usability

Methods: computational algorithm experiment word embedding GloVe survey

How can Blockchain technology support patent management? A systematic literature review

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Denter, Nils M.; Seeger, Fabian; Moehrle, Martin G.

Abstract: Patent management tasks involve many stakeholders from diverse disciplines and h ... Expand

Abstract: Patent management tasks involve many stakeholders from diverse disciplines and hierarchies as well as from inside and outside the organization. By drawing on the transaction cost and stakeholder theories, Blockchain technology offers new opportunities to rethink the way in which stakeholders are organized and collaborate. Although Blockchain technology receives considerable attention from both the public and academia, the question of how Blockchain technology leverages patent management in particular has so far been neglected, although it holds great promise. Consequently, this is what we choose to be our basic research question. In response to it, we conduct a systematic literature review, following a procedure in three steps. Out of an initial sample of 714 articles, we select 52 as being particularly relevant, and classify them in accordance with the dimensions of the 7D Patent Management Maturity Model. Three main foci regarding the use of Blockchain technology emerge – i. e. for the generation, the enforcement, and the exploitation of patents. This study contributes to scholarship and management by showing that Blockchain technology mitigates environmental and behavioral uncertainty, while stimulating new governance forms and business models by reorganizing or discarding stakeholders. Collapse

Topics: blockchain database system Bitcoin anonymity design thinking

Methods: literature sample literature study structured literature research topic model qualitative content analysis

Theories: transaction cost economics stakeholder theory

Moral Foundations, Himpathy, and Punishment Following Organizational Sexual Misconduct Allegations

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Dodson, Samantha J.; Goodwin, Rachael D.; Graham, Jesse; Diekmann, Kristina A.

Abstract: We build on deontic justice and moral foundations theories to shed light on resp ... Expand

Abstract: We build on deontic justice and moral foundations theories to shed light on responses to sexual misconduct at work by proposing a model that explains why some third parties punish accusing victims and support alleged perpetrators. We theorize that when third parties are given conflicting he-said, she-said information, they intuitively evaluate organizational injustice based on moral values. We further theorize that binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority, purity) give rise to sympathy toward men accused of sexual misconduct and anger toward female accusers. Across five studies (total n = 5,413) utilizing archival, field, and vignette designs, we examined third-party responses to sexual misconduct accusations ranging in severity across several industries. Third-party endorsement of binding moral foundations was linked to increased perpetrator-directed sympathy and victim-directed anger (Studies 1–4). These emotions jointly mediated the relationship between binding values and credibility perceptions of the accusing victim and the alleged perpetrator (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, victim credibility was negatively associated with social sanctions and punishment severity levied toward the accusing victim, and perpetrator credibility was negatively associated with the same punishment outcomes for the alleged perpetrator (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 5, we found that managers framing the accusing victim as disloyal exacerbated negative judgments and emotions toward the victim and positive judgments and emotions toward the perpetrator for individuals who highly ascribe to binding moral foundations. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of moral concerns on third parties’ emotions, judgments, and motivations to punish actors involved in sexual misconduct allegations. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1652. Collapse

Topics: Twitter electronic mail social media IT career Facebook

Methods: theory development survey statistical hypothesis test structural equation modeling mediation analysis

Theories: justice theory big five model organizational behavior theory

A Design Research Journey

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 2

Authors: Gregor, Shirley

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: expert system mainframe

Methods: design science action design research theory development qualitative coding action research

Diffusion of real versus misinformation during a crisis event: A big data-driven approach

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: King, Kelvin K.; Wang, Bin

Abstract: Misinformation has captured the interest of academia in recent years with severa ... Expand

Abstract: Misinformation has captured the interest of academia in recent years with several studies looking at the topic broadly with inconsistent results. In this research, we attempt to bridge the gap in the literature by examining the impacts of user-, time-, and content-based characteristics that affect the virality of real versus misinformation during a crisis event. Using a big data-driven approach, we collected over 42 million tweets during Hurricane Harvey and obtained 3589 original verified real or false tweets by cross-checking with fact-checking websites and a relevant federal agency. Our results show that virality is higher for misinformation, novel tweets, and tweets with negative sentiment or lower lexical density. In addition, we reveal the opposite impacts of sentiment on the virality of real news versus misinformation. We also find that tweets on the environment are less likely to go viral than the baseline religious news, while real social news tweets are more likely to go viral than misin­ formation on social news. Collapse

Topics: Twitter misinformation social media hurricane big data

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm natural language processing decision tree classification gradient boosting

Can Social Disconnectedness Inhibit Online Trade? Examining the Effects of Digital Distance on Peer-to-peer Lending

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Sabzehzar, Amin; Zhou, Yingxin; HOU, JINGBO

Abstract: The extant literature has shown that offline group proximity manifests in onlin ... Expand

Abstract: The extant literature has shown that offline group proximity manifests in online peer-topeer lending platforms, inhibiting online transactions in those markets. The findings of this research suggest that digital distance, as measured by the rate of Facebook friendship between country pairs, can also influence lending actions in bi-country lending. Building on a dataset from Kiva.org, we show that digital distance significantly and negatively affects bi-country lending actions, on top of other distance-related barriers discussed in the literature. The results also shed light on the role of government policies regarding local IT infrastructure and Internet freedom, revealing that greater levels of IT infrastructure and Internet freedom can compensate for the negative effect of digital distance on prosocial lending. Collapse

Topics: internet technology information technology infrastructure Facebook crowdsourcing virtual teamwork

Methods: descriptive statistic regression analysis method

As Much Art as Science - Examining the Realization of Business Models Driven by Machine Learning Through a Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Vetter, Oliver; Mehler, Maren; Buxmann, Peter

Abstract: Machine learning (ML) technologies open up enormous potential to be unlocked t ... Expand

Abstract: Machine learning (ML) technologies open up enormous potential to be unlocked through entrepreneurial activities in organizations, causing countless novel business models with ML at their core to emerge in the market. As ML technologies differ significantly from other digital technologies both in their characteristics and their effect on organizations, little is currently known about the complexities of the realization process for business models driven by ML and why only some organizations execute it successfully. By building on a qualitative study grounded on cross-industry insights from 20 expert interviews, this paper contributes to a greater understanding of the realization process by identifying ML-specific complications, before aiming to determine the underlying reasons for successful business model realization. We adopt a dynamic capabilities perspective and conceptualize eleven microfoundations that explicate how organizations build, implement, and transform business models driven by ML. Collapse

Topics: business model artificial intelligence digital transformation organization structure electronic business

Methods: qualitative interview cluster analysis theoretical contribution triangulation literature study

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory

Going beyond fact-checking to fight health misinformation: A multi-level analysis of the Twitter response to health news stories

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhong, Bu

Abstract: Health misinformation has become an unfortunate truism of social media platforms ... Expand

Abstract: Health misinformation has become an unfortunate truism of social media platforms, where lies could spread faster than truth. Despite considerable work devoted to suppressing fake news, health misinformation, including low-quality health news, persists and even increases in recent years. One promising approach to fighting bad information is studying the temporal and sentiment effects of health news stories and how they are discussed and disseminated on social media platforms like Twitter. As part of the effort of searching for innovative ways to fight health misinformation, this study analyzes a dataset of more than 1600 objectively and independently reviewed health news stories published over a 10-year span and nearly 50,000 Twitter posts responding to them. Spe­ cifically, it examines the source credibility of health news circulated on Twitter and the temporal, sentiment features of the tweets containing or responding to the health news reports. The results show that health news stories that are rated low by experts are discussed more, persist longer, and produce stronger sentiments than highly rated ones in the tweetosphere. However, the highly rated stories retained a fresh interest in the form of new tweets for a longer period. An in-depth understanding of the characteristics of health news distribution and discussion is the first step toward mitigating the surge of health misinformation. The findings provide insights into understanding the mechanism of health information dissemination on social media and practical implica­ tions to fight and mitigate health misinformation on digital media platforms. Collapse

Topics: Twitter misinformation healthcare data social media website

Methods: sentiment analysis longitudinal research topic model latent dirichlet allocation statistical hypothesis test

An integrated model for using social media applications in non-profit organizations

2022 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Albanna, Hanaa; Alalwan, Ali Abdallah; Al-Emran, Mostafa

Abstract: The growing social media use worldwide has encouraged researchers to research on ... Expand

Abstract: The growing social media use worldwide has encouraged researchers to research on how and why it is adopted. However, the majority of studies have focused on the individual rather than the organizational level. There is also a relative paucity of research on organizational level factors that affect the use of social media applications by non-profit organizations (NPOs). Hence, this study aims to bridge this gap in research by analyzing the factors that determine social media use, which leads to increasing the effectiveness (i.e., awareness, community engagement, and fundraising) of NPOs. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to public relations practitioners in 325 NPOs in Jordan and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The re­ sults supported the vital role of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social in­ fluence, and management commitment on the actual usage of social media. The results also showed that using social media has a significant positive effect on awareness and community engagement, while no significant impact is reported regarding fundraising. Theoretically, this study extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by incorporating new factors, namely management commitment, awareness, com­ munity engagement, and fundraising, and proposing new relationships in the model. Practically, this research provides implications for stakeholders of NPOs, including policymakers and public relations practitioners. Collapse

Topics: social media social influence Facebook technology adoption Twitter

Methods: survey theoretical contribution structural equation modeling data transformation self reported survey

Theories: unified theory of acceptance and use of technology extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology technology acceptance model

CEO Power and Nonconforming Reference Group Selection

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Audia, Pino G.; Rousseau, Horacio E.; Brion, Sebastien

Abstract: Research shows that reference group selection underpins critical organizational ... Expand

Abstract: Research shows that reference group selection underpins critical organizational processes, but less is known about publicly disclosed choices of reference groups, such as those for the evaluation of firm performance. Because audiences, such as investors and analysts, prefer reference groups created by independent entities they can trust, they disapprove of choices of custom peer groups created by reporting firms. Nevertheless, firms frequently choose reference groups that do not conform to audiences’ expectations. We seek to explain why firms deviate from these externally held standards even when incurring penalties by developing theory and formulating hypotheses about the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) power. Using data from 10-K filings, we find that firms led by high-power CEOs are more likely to use nonconforming, custom peer groups despite incurring penalties. However, the relationship between CEO power and the use of custom peer groups is weaker when CEOs face greater scrutiny from shareholders and analysts. We also find that low firm performance increases the use of custom peer groups among high-power CEOs. Contrary to our expectations, high CEO compensation attenuates the effect of CEO power on the choice of custom peer groups, arguably because high levels of CEO pay increase scrutiny. Although firms incur costs for using nonconforming reference groups, supplemental analyses reveal that CEOs benefit by receiving higher compensation, especially when performance is low. We conclude by discussing implications for research on publicly disclosed reference groups, the consequences of power, and information disclosure. Collapse

Topics: organizational productivity accounting logistics management database system organizational context

Methods: qualitative interview instrumental variables estimation qualitative coding robustness check descriptive statistic