ICT Interactions and COVID-19 – A Theorization Across Two Pandemic Waves

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Killoran, Jayson Andrew; Jenkin, Tracy A.; Manseau, Jasmin

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic instigated the rapid shift to remote work and virtual inte ... Expand

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic instigated the rapid shift to remote work and virtual interactions, constituting a new normal of professional interaction over information and communication technologies (ICT), such as videoconferencing platforms, email, and mobile devices. While ICT may provide many benefits for remote work, such as flexibility, reductions in travel time, and geographical interaction, ICT may also contribute to increases in job strain, reductions in social interactions, and the decline of mental health. While reliance on ICT for remote work interactions is becoming the new normal of organizational activity, scholarly appreciation of the stages in which employees, particularly educators, enact interactions over ICT is limited. Further, the intensity of the pandemic is unlike anything management scholars have studied before, and previous research into ICT use offers little insight into how ICT behaviors evolve over time. Our research explores how educators enact ICT interactions with students throughout the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 24 open-ended interviews with educators to learn about their experiences shifting to ICT for virtual classes. We found that ICT interactions between educators and students are enacted through two sequential, interrelated stages: divergent interaction behaviors and convergent interaction behaviors, with each stage corresponding to the first and second waves of the pandemic. We delineate the phases within each enacting stage of ICT interaction and conjecture that future use of ICT may include iterative cycles of divergent and convergent interaction behaviors, particularly if educators explore how to leverage ICT in more creative ways. Our research presents a theorization of ICT interaction as an increasingly prevalent form of IT-enabled educational interactions and communication. We provide insight into how educators successfully shifted to ICT use for remote work, and we offer implications for the facilitation of hybrid work arrangements in educational settings using ICT. Collapse

Topics: pandemic information system use IT supported collaboration remote work IT skill

Methods: qualitative interview theory development personal interview literature study experiment

Theories: adaptive structuration theory structuration theory

Blockchain: Trouble in the Enterprise?

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: O’Leary, Daniel

Abstract: There has been substantial hype about the use of blockchain for supply chain an ... Expand

Abstract: There has been substantial hype about the use of blockchain for supply chain and trade finance, proclaiming that it would "change the world." Although during 2016-2018 blockchain was riding high on the hype curve, in 2019 it fell into the trough of disillusionment. Along the way, some consultants have recently stopped promoting blockchain and attention appears have shifted away from enterprise blockchain systems. As a result, it probably is not surprising that recently there have been several instances where those enterprise blockchain efforts went insolvent or were shutdown. This paper investigates those blockchain systems and identifies some of the potential factors affecting the success of those systems. We also provide some potential approaches to mitigate the limitations of those applications. Collapse

Topics: blockchain supply chain management digital transformation artificial intelligence Google+

Theories: lemon market theory

How Does AI Fail Us? A Typological Theorization of AI Failures

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhan, Xinhui; Sun, Heshan; Miranda, Shaila M.

Abstract: AI incidents, often resulting from the complex interplay of algorithms, human a ... Expand

Abstract: AI incidents, often resulting from the complex interplay of algorithms, human agents, and situations, violate norms and can cause minor or catastrophic errors. This study systematically examines these incidents by developing a typology of AI failure and linking these modes to AI task types. Using a computationally intensive grounded theory approach, we analyzed 466 unique reported real-world AI incidents from 2013 to 2023. Our findings reveal an AI failure typology with six modes, including artifact malfunction, artifact misuse, algorithmic bias, agency oversight, situational unresponsiveness, and value misalignment. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between these failure modes and the tasks performed by AI, uncovering four propositions that provide a framework for future research. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a more holistic perspective on the challenges faced by AI-powered systems, beyond the critical challenges of fairness, transparency, and responsibility noted by the literature. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence algorithmic bias database system Python missing data

Methods: qualitative coding computational algorithm grounded theory machine learning spatial analysis

When and why technology leadership enters the C-suite: An antecedents perspective on CIO presence

2022 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bendig, David; Wagner, Robin; Jung, Christopher; Nüesch, Stephan

Abstract: Building on the concept of dynamic managerial capabilities, we set out to advanc ... Expand

Abstract: Building on the concept of dynamic managerial capabilities, we set out to advance scholarly understanding of the antecedents of the presence of technology leadership in the form of the chief information officer (CIO) in the top management team. We derive a holistic framework from the literature of dynamic capabilities and introduce into that literature the concept of adaptation pressures. We suggest that external and internal dimensions that pertain to information tech­ nology, comprising an environmental, structural, and strategic dimension, intensify the pressure on a firm to adapt. The pressure to adapt increases the likelihood that the firm will add a CIO to its top management team. In turn, the presence of a CIO can direct a firm toward exploration as a way to relieve the adaptation pressure. Results from regression analyses of a longitudinal data set covering 503 large U.S. firms from 2006 to 2017 confirm our hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature of both information systems and strategy by clarifying the antecedents of tech­ nology leadership in the C-suite and explicating how environmental, structural, and strategic factors can act as such antecedents. Moreover, this study reinforces the notion that IT leadership can induce strategic change. Collapse

Topics: Chief Information Officer IT leadership research and development information system use digital transformation

Methods: theory development longitudinal research regression analysis method descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory organizational behavior theory

Impact of IT governance process capability on business performance: Theory and empirical evidence

2022 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Joshi, Anant; Benitez, Jose; Huygh, Tim; Ruiz, Laura; De Haes, Steven

Abstract: In the digital economy, firms’ IT resource investments represent a significant p ... Expand

Abstract: In the digital economy, firms’ IT resource investments represent a significant portion of their capital investments. IT governance processes are critical for companies to decide what and how to deploy IT resources and measure and achieve the expected business benefits. This study introduces and measures the concept of IT governance process capability, which is defined as the firm’s ability to identify, design, implement and leverage the following IT governance processes: IT decision-making, IT planning, IT infrastructure modernization, IT services delivery, and IT monitoring. We propose that IT governance process capability can improve IT performance, which in turn can improve business performance. Using a unique dataset from 881 global companies, we found support for the proposed research model. This paper contributes to the Information Systems (IS) literature on business value of IT by conceptualizing, evaluating, and introducing the construct of IT governance process capability and theorizing and proving how this core IT capability positively affects IT performance to enhance business performance. Collapse

Topics: IT governance organizational productivity IT productivity COBIT organizational value

Methods: survey theory development triangulation partial least squares regression statistical hypothesis test

Applying Forensic Analysis Factors to Construct a Systems Dynamics Model for Failed Software Projects

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Kaisler, Stephen; Money, William; Cohen, Stephen

Abstract: Forensic analysis of failed software projects can aid in managerial understandin ... Expand

Abstract: Forensic analysis of failed software projects can aid in managerial understanding of the issues and challenges of delivering a successful project. The factors and their interrelationships causing software project failure are not well understood or researched with a strong forensicanalytic approach. Previous papers have not adequately explored how dynamic interaction of multiple factors can lead to critical events that ultimately portend eventual failure. This paper proposes the development of a System Dynamics (SD) model that will represent the key factors, their dynamic interactions, and the influence of exogenous events in causing software project failure. Forensic data will be used as inputs to the SD model to assist managers in understanding the factor interactions, the importance of individual factor metrics, as well as the sequence of interactions in causing possible software project failure. Outcomes from the model will include a likelihood of software project failure, possible factor sequences leading to failure, and suggestions of remediation activities that might mitigate eventual failure. Collapse

Topics: IT project process automation system IS failure

Methods: literature study system dynamics unified modeling language design science case study

IS incident recovery and service value: a service-dominant logic view

2022 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Najjar, Mohammad S.; Kettinger, William J.; Kettinger, Lynda D.

Abstract: IS service delivery failures inside companies are value diminishing events. Info ... Expand

Abstract: IS service delivery failures inside companies are value diminishing events. Information systems service providers seek to limit this value destruction but lack guidance on IS incident resolution actions that satisfy users and preserve IS service value. We apply Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) to explore what is relevant to users’ recovery service experiences while interacting with IS service providers. We use an integrated research approach including qualitative and quantitative data. We uncover actions that lead to a satisfying incident recovery and categorise them into three recovery components (responsive handling interactions, supportive communicating interactions, and effective resolving actions) that reflect IS provider resource exchanges of information, knowledge, and service skills with users in resolving incidents. We integrate these three recovery components as factors in our research model and test direct and moderating effects on value outcomes. We find that users’ recovery satisfaction results from both a “fix it fast and fully” perspective and a sense of effort and fairness conveyed. Results point to managers preserving overall IS service satisfaction and service quality by facilitating proper resource exchanges during an incident recovery. Collapse

Topics: service quality IS satisfaction IS service quality participatory design IS failure

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology survey theory development survey design

Theories: service-dominant logic

When the Machine Stops: The Impact of Information Technology Failure on Firm Value

2022 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schweikl, Stefan; Schinnen, Matthias; Obermaier, Robert

Abstract: Previous research on information technology (IT) failures has predominantly foc ... Expand

Abstract: Previous research on information technology (IT) failures has predominantly focused on determining the impact of security breaches on firm value. However, little is known about IT failures that emerge accidentally and are unrelated to security incidents. This study approaches this notable research gap by applying the resource weakness framework and utilizing event study methodology. Based on a sample of 571 failure events from publicly-traded European firms, we find that non-security-related IT failures result on average in a 0.32% decline in firm value over a two-day event window. Interestingly, this decline is diminishing in more recent years. Moreover, the loss in firm value is particularly pronounced if the failure is caused by a software error (1.08%). In sum, our findings suggest that the often-neglected resource weakness perspectivethat complements resource strengths within resource-based viewhas strong explanatory power regarding the contingency factors of IT failure events. Collapse

Topics: IS failure organizational value computer hardware strategic management database system

Methods: event study longitudinal research robustness check parametric test Student's t-test

Theories: resource based view of the firm

The dark sides of AI personal assistant: effects of service failure on user continuance intention

2022 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 1

Authors: Sun, Yi; Li, Shihui; Yu, Lingling

Abstract: With the popularization of smart devices and the rapid development of smart voic ... Expand

Abstract: With the popularization of smart devices and the rapid development of smart voice technology, AI personal assistants (AIPAs) have penetrated deeply into users' lives. Compared with previous years, the accuracy, semantic understanding ability, and wake-up ability of AIPAs have been improved, but the lack of service maturity and the insufficient degree of scene integration have brought users a poor human–computer interaction experience. However, studies have scarcely uncovered the underlying mechanism through which those dark sides of AIPAs exert impacts on users' continuance intention. From the perspective of technostress, the current study proposes a theoretical model for consumers to cope with service failure pressure sources. This article collected 413 questionnaires and conducted an empirical analysis. Results show that negative technical characteristics will affect consumers’ psychological responses and ultimately affect consumers’ technical exhaustion, satisfaction, and two kinds of continuance intentions (general and partial continuance intentions) through cognitive load. Findings open up new avenues for research by exploring the mechanism of how the service failures of these AIPAs affect consumers' continuance intention through the perspective of technostress. Collapse

Topics: information overload privacy technostress artificial intelligence IS failure

Methods: survey data transformation structural equation modeling SEM tool factor analysis

Theories: cognitive load theory

Uncoupling inequality: Reflections on the ethics of benchmarks for digital media

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Washington, Anne; Rhue, Lauren A.; Nakamura, Lisa; Stevens, Robin

Abstract: Our collaboration seeks to demonstrate shared interrogation by exploring the eth ... Expand

Abstract: Our collaboration seeks to demonstrate shared interrogation by exploring the ethics of machine learning benchmarks from a socio-technical management perspective with insight from public health and ethnic studies. Benchmarks, such as ImageNet, are annotated open data sets for training algorithms. The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the practical need for ethical information infrastructures to analyze digital and social media, especially related to medicine and race. Social media analysis that obscures Black teen mental health and ignores antiAsian hate fails as information infrastructure. Despite inadequately handling non-dominant voices, machine learning benchmarks are the basis for analysis in operational systems. Turning to the management literature, we interrogate cross-cutting problems of benchmarks through the lens of coupling, or mutual interdependence between people, technologies, and environments. Uncoupling inequality from machine learning benchmarks may require conceptualizing the social dependencies that build structural barriers to inclusion. Collapse

Topics: social media pandemic crowdsourcing covid 19 Twitter

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm